CN104311779B - 一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN104311779B
CN104311779B CN201410554339.6A CN201410554339A CN104311779B CN 104311779 B CN104311779 B CN 104311779B CN 201410554339 A CN201410554339 A CN 201410554339A CN 104311779 B CN104311779 B CN 104311779B
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王潮霞
冒海燕
杨帆
殷允杰
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Rizhao Jingying Media Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，属于纺织化工技术领域。将多异氰酸酯与多元醇聚合物反应生成聚氨酯预聚体，再通过亲水扩链剂扩链，将母体中含有‑NH2或‑OH的染料引入到聚氨酯链上，最后加封端剂对水性聚氨酯封端，得到基于染料母体的水性聚氨酯高分子染料。水性聚氨酯高分子染料不仅具备高分子材料的高强度、易成膜、良好的耐溶剂耐热性和易加工等优点，还具有小分子有机染料对光的强吸收和多彩性，而且部分染料解决了分散困难、工艺繁琐等问题，大大降低了染料消耗，提高了染料利用率。

Description

一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法
技术领域
一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，属于纺织化工技术领域。
背景技术
纤维着色使用的色素通常是低分子量的染料或颜料。颜料需通过原液着色或涂料染色和印花或涂层工艺赋予纤维多彩性，但涂料染色和印花产品的磨擦牢度欠佳，颜料和成膜高聚物的分散稳定性并不总是好的，而且着色力低，对高聚物的可加工性也有不良影响，部分颜料的耐热性也存在问题。另外，有些染料在染色时的利用率并不高，在染色后加工的热处理时易变色、易迁移。而且不少染料和颜料对光的稳定性也差，影响了相关产品的耐用性和外观。
高分子染料，是通过一定的化学反应将染料分子引入高分子的主链或悬挂于侧链上而形成的有色高分子聚合物，分子结构由高分子骨架和发色体两部分组成，由于是有色染料和无色聚合物化学结合，使其既有染料母体的光吸收、光发射、光导电、酸碱变色和酶的选择吸附等功能，同时还有聚合物的稳定性、相容性、卫生性和易成膜性等特性。这样的特性使得高分子染料研究之初就受到人们的关注，从而迅速发展。同时高分子染料在结构上可调，既可以设计出与合成纤维相似的结构，也可以设计出用于天然纤维染色的多活性基结构的高分子染料，从而染色合成纤维时与所染纤维有好的相容性及耐萃取能力。这些优点使高分子染料成为研究开发禁用染料的代替品及合成更高效环保染料的热点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，具体工艺如下：将30-42wt％多异氰酸酯与18-27wt％多元醇聚合物滴入三口烧瓶，升温至80℃，反应40min，过程中变稠加2-5wt％丙酮，制备聚氨酯预聚体；将8-14wt％亲水扩链剂溶于2-5wt％丙酮中，逐滴滴加到聚氨酯预聚体中，升温至80℃并反应40min；将1-3wt％低分子染料直接加入三口烧瓶中反应2h，然后添加20-30wt％封端剂，并在80℃下反应1h；降温至40-50℃，然后加入HAC和丙酮中和成盐，蒸发出有机溶剂后，即得水性聚氨酯高分子染料。
所述多异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2，4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2，6-二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种。
所述多元醇聚合物为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、二聚丙三醇中的一种。
所述亲水扩链剂为N-甲基二乙醇胺、二羟甲基羧酸、二羟甲基丙酸中的一种。
所述低分子染料为染料母体结构上含有-NH2或-OH的染料。
所述封端剂为甲乙酮肟、苯酚、己内酰胺、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸氢铵、N-甲基二乙醇胺中的一种。
所合成的水性聚氨酯高分子染料可以用于织物涂料印花，具体工艺为：将制备得到水性聚氨酯高分子染料溶于60℃热水中，染料与水的重量比为1∶1-1∶5，搅拌溶解均匀，静置3h，通过刮板在织物上直接刮涂，然后在60℃烘箱里干燥，得到印花图案。
具体实施方式
通过以下的实施例将有助于进一步的理解本发明，但不能限定本发明的内容。
实施例1
将36wt％异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与21wt％聚乙二醇滴入三口烧瓶，升温至80℃，反应40min，过程中变稠加5wt％丙酮，制备聚氨酯预聚体；将9wt％亲水扩链剂N-甲基二乙醇胺溶于2wt％丙酮中，逐滴滴加到聚氨酯预聚体中，升温至80℃并反应40min；将2wt％C.I.分散蓝3直接加入三口烧瓶中反应2h，然后添加25wt％甲乙酮肟，并在80℃下反应1h；降温至50℃，然后加入HAC和丙酮中和成盐，蒸发出有机溶剂后，即得水性聚氨酯高分子染料。
制备的水性聚氨酯高分子染料用于棉织物涂料印花，具体工艺为：将制备得到水性聚氨酯高分子染料溶于60℃热水中，染料与水的重量比为1∶2，搅拌溶解均匀，静置3h，通过刮板在织物上直接刮涂，然后在60℃烘箱里干燥，可以得到色光鲜艳、牢度优良的印花图案。
实施例2
将38wt％甲苯-2，4-二异氰酸酯与18wt％聚丙二醇滴入三口烧瓶，升温至80℃，反应40min，过程中变稠加4wt％丙酮，制备聚氨酯预聚体；将13wt％亲水扩链剂二羟甲基羧酸溶于3wt％丙酮中，逐滴滴加到聚氨酯预聚体中，升温至80℃并反应40min；将3wt％C.I.直接黄25直接加入三口烧瓶中反应2h，然后添加21wt％苯酚，并在80℃下反应1h；降温至50℃，然后加入HAC和丙酮中和成盐，蒸发出有机溶剂后，即得水性聚氨酯高分子染料。
制备的水性聚氨酯高分子染料用于棉织物涂料印花，具体工艺为：将制备得到水性聚氨酯高分子染料溶于60℃热水中，染料与水的重量比为1∶4，搅拌溶解均匀，静置3h，通过刮板在织物上直接刮涂，然后在60℃烘箱里干燥，可以得到色光鲜艳、牢度优良的印花图案。

Claims (7)

1.一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，其特征是：将30-42wt％多异氰酸酯与18-27wt％多元醇聚合物滴入三口烧瓶，升温至80℃，反应40min，过程中变稠加2-5wt％丙酮，制备聚氨酯预聚体；将8-14wt％亲水扩链剂溶于2-5wt％丙酮中，逐滴滴加到聚氨酯预聚体中，升温至80℃并反应40min；将1-3wt％低分子染料直接加入三口烧瓶中反应2h，然后添加20-30wt％封端剂，并在80℃下反应1h；降温至40-50℃，然后加入HAC和丙酮中和成盐，蒸发出有机溶剂后，即得水性聚氨酯高分子染料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，其特征是所述多异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2，4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2，6-二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，其特征是所述多元醇聚合物为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、二聚丙三醇中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，其特征是所述亲水扩链剂为N-甲基二乙醇胺、二羟甲基羧酸中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，其特征是所述低分子染料为染料母体结构上含有-NH2或-OH的染料。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，其特征是所述封端剂为甲乙酮肟、苯酚、己内酰胺、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸氢铵、N-甲基二乙醇胺中的一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯高分子染料的合成方法，其特征是所合成的水性聚氨酯高分子染料可以用于织物涂料印花，具体工艺为：将制备得到水性聚氨酯高分子染料溶于60℃热水中，染料与水的重量比为1∶1-1∶5，搅拌溶解均匀，静置3h，通过刮板在织物上直接刮涂，然后在60℃烘箱里干燥，得到印花图案。
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