CN1043052C - 切割或研磨油组合物 - Google Patents

切割或研磨油组合物 Download PDF

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CN1043052C
CN1043052C CN95193243A CN95193243A CN1043052C CN 1043052 C CN1043052 C CN 1043052C CN 95193243 A CN95193243 A CN 95193243A CN 95193243 A CN95193243 A CN 95193243A CN 1043052 C CN1043052 C CN 1043052C
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acid
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CN1149312A (zh
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山中雅己
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Abstract

公开了一种切割或研磨油组合物，包括(A)一种基础油和(B)至少一种选自有2到6个碳原子的二元酸、有3到6个碳原子的三元酸和这些酸的酯衍生物的化合物；一种切割或研磨油组合物包含上述组分(A)、上述组份(B)，含硫化合物(C)和/或至少一种选自高碱性磺酸碱金属盐和高碱性磺酸碱土金属盐的化合物。通过使用油组合物，可实现提高工作效率，如减少加工刀具磨损和提高抛光表面精度。

Description

切割或研磨油组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及切割或研磨油组合物。更具体地说，本发明涉及切割或研磨油组合物，它能提高工作效率如减少加工工具磨损和提高抛光表面精度和适宜作切割如车削、攻丝、铰孔、拉削、钻孔或自动车床加工用油。
背景技术
在金属加工中，切割工具如车刀、磨刀和钻头进行的伴有相对粗废料形成的切割加工和高速旋转研磨机进行的伴有很细废料形成的研磨加工是非常常见的。
为改善可加工性目的，各种类型耐极压试剂和油性改进剂被加到上述金属加工使用的不溶于水的切割油和研磨油中。然而，对工业中使用的金属加工油组合物，为提高生产率和节能，需要能进一步改善可加工性的油组合物。
作为试图满足上述要求的切割油和研磨油，商业上可获得含基础油和含硫耐极压添加剂或含氯耐极压添加剂的切割油和研磨油。然而，这些切割油和研磨油不能充分满足作为影响工作效率主要因素的工具磨损和抛光表面精度的要求。进一步，若一种油组合物有含硫耐极压添加剂或含氯耐极压添加剂，则产生环境问题，因为所用油组合物处置时生成氯气或SOx。
发明内容
在上述情况下，本发明的一个目的是提供一种切割或研磨油组合物，其不含含硫耐极压添加剂或含氯耐极压添加剂并可提高工作效率，如减少加工工具磨损和提高抛光表面精度；另一目的是提供一种切割或研磨油组合物，它可进一步改善常规含硫耐极压添加剂或含氯耐极压添加剂的油组合物的可加工性。
本发明人进行广泛的研究以开发具有上述优良特性的切割或研磨油组合物。作为这种研究的结果，业已发现，借助一种包括基础油和特定多元酸或其酯衍生物的组合物和一种包括除上述组分外还含一种含硫化合物或高碱性磺酸盐的组合物可实现上述目的。在此发现的基础上本发明被完成。
因此，本发明提供：一种切割或研磨油组合物，包括(A)基础油和(B)从下述组中选择的至少一种化合物：有2到6个碳原子的二元酸，有3到6个碳原子的三元酸和这些酸的酯衍生物；一种切割或研磨油组合物，包括上述组分(A)、上述组分(B)和(C)含硫化合物；一种切割或研磨油组合物，包括上述组分(A)，上述组分(B)和(D)从下述组中选择的至少一种化合物：高碱性磺酸碱金属盐和高碱性磺酸碱土金属盐；和一种切割或研磨油组合物，包括上述组分(A)、上述组分(B)、上述组分(C)和上述组分(D)。
实施本发明的最优选实施方案
矿物油(如石腊、石脑油或中质矿物油)或合成油可作为本发明切割或研磨油组合物的基础油组分(A)。特别优选，在40℃温度下具有1.5到50 cSt运动粘度的油。若运动粘度低于1.5 cSt，油的闪点低，有可能引起火灾或油雾破坏工作环境。若运动粘度高于50 cSt，油组合物附着在工件(加工物)上和随其带走量增多，此油组合物在经济上是不利的。因此，不优选这种运动粘度。考虑到闪点，工作环境和经济性，更优选40℃温度下的运动粘度为5到30 cSt。
可使用各种类型的矿物油。这些矿物油包括：石腊原油、中质原油和石脑油原油的常压蒸馏的蒸馏产物，常压蒸馏渣油的减压蒸馏产物，用常规方法精制上述蒸馏产物的精制油，如用溶剂精制，加氢处理精制，脱腊处理，白土处理。
合成油包括：支链烯烃，如α烯烃低聚物、烯烃共聚物，聚丁烯、聚丙烯、这些支链烯烃的加氢处理产品、多元醇的酯和烷基苯。
在本发明中，作为组分(A)的基础油，上述矿物油可单独使用或两种及多种混合使用。上述合成油作为组分(A)基础油也可单独使用或两种及多种混合使用。也可使用一种或多种矿物油和一种或多种合成油的混合物。
若使用的基础油的粘度相对较低，如40℃温度时10 cSt运动粘度，优选向基础油中加入具有平均分子量2000到3000的大分子化合物，如聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚异丁烯和烯烃共聚物。加工中生成的油雾可通过加入大分子化合物来减少。按照基础油和大分子化合物分子量的性质不同，上述大分子化合物的加入量不同而不是恒定的。一般地，基于组合物的总量，该量在0.05到20％(重量)，优选0.1到5％(重量)。
在本发明组合物中，有2到6个碳原子的二元酸、3到6个碳的三元酸和这些二元酸或三元酸的酯衍生物用作组分(B)。二元酸和三元酸可有羟基或不饱和基团。
作为有2到6个碳原子的二元酸，可使用各种二元酸，二元酸的例子包括：乙二酸、丙二酸、羟基丙二酸、丁二酸、α-羟基丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、苹果酸(外消旋的、D-、和L-苹果酸)、马来酸、富马酸、己二烯二酸(顺-反-，反-反-和顺-顺-己二烯二酸)，酒石酸(外消旋的，D-,L-和内消旋-酒石酸)。可使用各种具有3到6个碳原子的三元酸。三元酸的例子包括柠檬酸和乌头酸(顺-和反-乌头酸)。在这些多元酸中(二元酸和三元酸)，优选乙二酸，丙二酸，丁二酸，马来酸，富马酸，酒石酸(外消旋，D-,L-和内消旋酒石酸)和柠檬酸，更优选乙二酸，马来酸和柠檬酸。
作为上述多元酸(二元酸和三元酸)的酯衍生物，可使用各种酯衍生物，如全酯和部分酯。优选的多元酸酯衍生物的例子包括：由下列通式(Ⅰ)表示的二元酸酯(如己二酸酯，丙二酸酯和丁二酸酯)，由下列通式(Ⅱ)表示的马来酸酯，由下列通式(Ⅲ)表示的富马酸酯，由下列通式(Ⅳ)表示的酒石酸酯和由下列通式(Ⅴ)表示的柠檬酸酯：
Figure C9519324300061
(Ⅰ)
Figure C9519324300062
(Ⅱ)
Figure C9519324300063
(Ⅲ)(Ⅳ)
Figure C9519324300072
(Ⅴ)
在上述通式(Ⅰ)到(Ⅳ)中，R1和R2中至少一个代表有1到20个碳原子的线性饱和或不饱和脂族烃基团，支链饱和或不饱和脂族烃基团，或饱和或不饱和脂环烃基团，R1和R2中的另一个，如果有的话，为氢原子。若R1和R2均为脂族烃基团，则此脂族基团可以相同或不同。在通式(Ⅰ)中，n代表0或1到4的整数。在式(Ⅴ)中，R3,R4和R5中至少一个表示有1到20个碳原子的脂环烃基团，R3、R4和R5中剩余的，如果有的话，为氢原子。若R3、R4和R5中2个或3个是脂环烃基团，则此脂环烃基团可以是彼此相同的或不同的。
具有1到20个碳原子的上述脂族烃基团(醇残基团)的具体例子包括：甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、各种类型的戊基、各种类型己基、各种类型庚基、各种类型辛基、各种类型壬基、各种类型癸基、各种类型十一烷基、各种类型十二烷基、各种类型十三烷基、各种类型十四烷基、各种类型十五烷基、各种类型十六烷基、各种类型十七烷基、各种类型十八烷基(包括油基)、环己基、环辛基、环十二烷基。
特别是，若考虑在基础油中的溶解度和效果，优选有3到10个碳的醇残基。
用上述通式(Ⅰ)表示的二元酸酯的具体例子包括：草酸二甲基酯、草酸二正丙基酯，草酸二异丙基酯、草酸二正丁基酯、草酸二异丁基酯、草酸二正辛基酯、丙二酸二乙基酯、丙二酸二正丙基酯、丙二酸二异丙基酯、丙二酸二正丁基酯、丙二酸二异丁基酯、丁二酸二乙基酯、丁二酸二正丙基酯、丁二酸二异丙基酯、丁二酸二正丁基酯、丁二酸二异丁基酯和对应这些双酯的单酯。
用通式(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ)分别表示的马来酸酯和富马酸酯的具体例子包括：马来酸二乙基酯、马来酸二正丙基酯、马来酸二异丙基酯、马来酸二正丁基酯、马来酸二异丁基酯、富马酸二乙基酯、富马酸二正丙基酯、富马酸二异丙基酯、富马酸二正丁基酯、富马酸二异丁基酯和对应这些双酯的单酯。
通式(Ⅳ)表示的酒石酸酯的具体例子包括：酒石酸二乙基酯(外消旋，D-,L-和内消旋-酒石酸二乙基酯)、酒石酸二正丙基酯(外消旋，D-,L-和内消旋-酒石酸二正丙基酯)，酒石酸二异丙基酯(外消旋，D-,L-和内消旋-酒石酸二异丙基酯)，酒石酸二正丁基酯(外消旋，D-,L-和内消旋-酒石酸二正丁基酯，酒石酸二异丁基酯(外消旋，D-,L-和内消旋-酒石酸二异丁基酯)，酒石酸二正辛基酯(外消旋，D-,L-和内消旋-酒石酸二正辛基酯)，和对应这些双酯的单酯。通式(Ⅴ)表示的柠檬酸酯包括柠檬酸三正丁基酯，柠檬酸三异丁基酯，柠檬酸三正辛基酯，对应这些三酯的单酯和对应这些三酯的双酯。
本发明中，上述多元酸(如二元酸和三元酸)和酯衍生物可单独或二种及多种类型混合作为组分(B)。
若上述多元酸，如二元酸和三元酸用作组分(B)，基于组合物的总量，其含量一般在0.05％到20％(重量)，优选0.1％到10％(重量)。若含量低于0.05％(重量)，提高工作效率的效果不明显。若含量超过20％(重量)，在基础油中的溶解度降低。此外，效果不随含量增大而增大到期望的程度，并且其花费在经济上不利。
若上述多元酸直接加入到基础油中不易溶解于基础油中，可将其溶于适当溶剂后再加入，如先将其溶入醇类中，如油醇，13碳醇和14碳醇混合物，像丁基甲醇之类甲醇或像丁基溶纤剂之类的溶纤剂。
作为用作组分(B)的多元酸或酯衍生物，优选乙二酸、马来酸、柠檬酸和这些酸的酯，因为通过迅速与金属反应可提高加工效率。
当上述多元酸的酯衍生物用作组分(B)时，基于组合物总量，其含量一般在0.05到80％(重量)间，优选0.1到50％(重量)。若含量低于0.05％(重量)，提高工作效率的效果不明显。若含量超过80％(重量)，效果不会随含量增大而增加到期望的程度，并且其花费在经济上不利。
若多元酸酯衍生物的酸或醇残余基团具有低碳原子数，酯衍生物在基础油中溶解度低。因此，优选将上述酯衍生物在加到基础油中之前溶入适当溶剂中，例如，像油醇、13碳和14碳醇的混合物中，像丁基甲醇的甲醇中和像丁基溶纤剂的溶纤剂中。
如上所述，本发明的组分(B)以酸或酯的形式使用，并且可用任一种形式实现本发明目的。在这些形式中，从溶解性和防腐蚀考虑，优选酯。
在本发明的切割或研磨油组合物中，含硫化合物可做为组分(C)，根据需要并与前述组分(A)和组分(B)混合。若油组合物包括组分(C)，借助与组分(B)间的协同效应或叠加效应，加工效率被进一步提高。作为组分(C)，例如，(1)元素硫，(2)烯属多硫，(3)二烷基多硫，(4)硫化油和脂和(5)硫化矿物油。上述物质可单独使用或两种及多种混合使用。
若元素硫(1)用作组分(C)，基于组合物总量，其含量一般在0.05到2％(重量)，优选0.1到1％(重量)。若含量低于0.05％(重量)，不足以呈现协同效应或叠加效应。若含量高于2％(重量)，硫化后稳定性降低，硫沉淀趋势升高。
若使用元素硫，最好将硫加入到基础油中并在120到150℃温度下加热搅拌30分钟到6小时进行溶解，然后再向此生成溶液中加入其它组分。
上述烯属多硫是用有3到20个碳的链烯烃或其二聚物、三聚物或四聚物与硫化剂如硫，氯化硫或其它硫卤化物反应得到的化合物。优选的烯烃包括丙烯、异丁烯和二异丁烯。根据溶解性、稳定性和经济性优选上述烯属多硫中含硫10到40％(重量)。
上述二烷基多硫(3)是如下通用分子式(Ⅵ)表示的化合物：
               R6-Sx-R7    (Ⅵ)(其中R6和R7每个代表有1到20个碳的烷基，有6到20个碳的芳香基，有7到20个碳的烷芳香基或有7到20个碳的芳香烷基，R6和R7可相同或不同，x表示一个2到8的实数(更确切，一有理数))
上述通式(Ⅵ)中的R6和R7的具体例子包括：甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、各种类型戊基、各种类型己基、各种类型庚基、各种类型辛基、各种类型壬基、各种类型癸基、各种类型十二烷基、环己基、环辛基、苯基、萘基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、苯甲基和乙氧苯基。
二烷基多硫的例子包括：二苯甲基硫和二叔壬基多硫。特别优选含硫10到40％(重量)的二烷基多硫。
上述硫化油和脂(4)是动物油或植物油和脂的硫化产品，如硫化猪脂、硫化菜子油、硫化蓖麻油和硫化豆油。硫化油和脂包括脂肪酸的二硫化物，如硫化油酸，和硫化酯，如硫化油酸甲基酯。作为上述硫化油和脂，优选含硫为5到25％(重量)的硫化油和脂。若上述烯属多硫、二烷基多硫或硫化油和脂用作组分(C)，依据组合物总量，组分(C)含量一般在0.05到40％(重量)，优选0.5到20％(重量)。若含量低于0.05％(重量)，不足以显示与组分(B)的协同效应或叠加效应。若含量超过40％(重量)，发生工具的腐蚀和磨损从而缩短工具的寿命。
可用商业硫化油作为上述硫化矿物油(5)。也可使用通过在常规矿物油中加入元素硫(硫粉)并在120到150℃温度下加热搅拌此生成混合物30分钟到6小时制备的硫化矿物油。优选硫化矿物油中含硫0.1到2％(重量)。
若上述硫化矿物油(5)用作组分(C)，基于组合物的总量，硫化矿物油含量一般在30到99.95％(重量)。可用硫化矿物油替代基础油。
组分(C)的硫化矿物油包括活性型油和非活性型油。可使用这些油的任一种。
本发明的切割或研磨油组合物也可包括高碱性磺酸碱金属盐和/或高碱性磺酸碱土金属盐作为组分(D)，如需要可与上述组分(A)和组分(B)混合或与组分(A)、组分(B)和组分(C)混合。
作为组分(D)的高碱性磺酸碱金属盐和高碱性磺酸碱土金属盐可使用磺酸钾、磺酸钠、磺酸钙、磺酸镁和磺酸钡，且其碱值(按照日本工业标准K-2501的高氯酸方法测定)在100mg KOH/g或更高，优选在200到600mg KOH/g。若碱值低于100mg KOH/g，使用中降解产生的酸性物质引起的工件生锈无法避免。此外，用于处理废油的容器有可能遭到侵蚀。
组分(D)具体例子包括：碱值为300mg KOH/g的石油磺酸钙和石油磺酸钠，碱值为400mg KOH/g的二烷基苯磺酸钙和二烷基苯磺酸钠。高碱性磺酸碱金属盐和碱土金属盐可单独使用或两种及多种混合使用。基于组合物总量，其含量一般在0.05到40％(重量)，优选0.1到20％(重量)。若含量低于0.05％(重量)，不能充分显示与组分(B)混合或与组分(B)及组分(C)混合的协合效应或叠加效应。若含量超过40％(重量)，效果不会随含量增大而增大到期望的程度，且产生不利的现象，如组合物粘度升高和贮存稳定性下降。
对于本发明的切割或研磨油组合物，如果需要，在不对本发明目的产生不利影响的范围内，可使用一般用于切割油和研磨油的各种添加剂作为组分(E)。
根据需要使用的添加剂组分(E)的例子包括：极压试剂，如氯化石腊、氯化油和脂、氯化脂肪酸、磷酸酯和亚磷酸酯；油性改进剂，如羧酸，像油酸、硬脂酸和二聚酸、羧酸酯；抗磨剂如二硫代膦酸锌(ZnDTP)，二硫代氨基甲酸锌(ZnDTC)，氧代钼有机磷二硫代硫化物(MoDTP)，氧化钼二硫代氨基甲酸硫(MoDTC)，二硫代膦酸镍(NiDTP)和二硫代氨基甲酸镍(NiDTC)；抗氧化剂，如胺抗氧化剂和酚抗氧化剂；金属失活剂，如噻二唑和苯并***；淤渣抑制剂，如烯基丁二酸，烯基丁二酸酯，酰亚胺，酸酰胺；腐蚀抑制剂，如脱水山梨醇酯，中性磺酸盐，finates和碱土金属的水杨酸盐；消泡剂，如二甲基聚硅氧烷和氟代醚。
本发明油组合物被用作切割油组合物或研磨油组合物。若此油组合物作为切割油组合物，该油组合物适宜用于孔加工，如：钻孔，攻丝、铰孔、扩孔、穿孔和自动车床加工。若此油组合物作为研磨油组合物，该油组合物适宜用于抛光研磨，如蠕动走刀研磨和超级抛光。
参照实施例本发明被进一步详细描述。然而，本发明不受实施例限制。
按照下述方法评价油组合物性质。
(1)通过切割实验评价抛光后表面的粗糙度和刀具寿命。
用OKUMA TEKKOSHO Co.,Ltd生产的LP车床作为机床进行切割实验，S45C和SUS304作为工件(仅用S45C评价刀具寿命)，用超硬刀头(K10)作为刀具，切割条件为V=20m/min,f=0.025mm/rev,t=0.5mm，抛光表面粗糙度为Rz(μm)，获得刀具寿命(磨损边界达到0.3mm前的距离(m))。
(2)攻丝的加工性
用攻丝扭矩试验器(FARREX公司产品)作为机床进行攻丝，OSG SKH51(M10×P1.5)作为丝锥，S20C和SUS304作为工件，切割条件V=10m/min。攻丝效率用下式得到：
攻丝效率(％)=(试样油用量/对比油用量)×100
(3)拉削抛光表面粗糙度
用水平表面拉床(SANJO KIKAI Co.Ltd的产品)作为机器进行拉削，SKH55(16个刀)作为刀具，SCM435作为工件，切割条件为V=12m/min,t=0.5mm，获得抛光表面粗糙度。
(4)铰孔抛光表面粗糙度
用中心机床作为机床进行铰孔，SKH53(有TiN涂层)作为刀具，S20C作为工件，切割条件为V=20m/min和f=0.15mm/rev，获得抛光表面粗糙度Rz(μm)。
实施例1到15和对比实施例1到6
制备并评价表1所示成分的切割油组合物和研磨油组合物。结果如表2所示。
                                  表1-1
实施例                        1     2   3     4    5
组合物(％重量)(A) 基础油(矿物油，40,15cSt) 89.7 94.7 94.2 89.7 84.7
(B)马来酸二正丁基酯           10    -    5    5    5含马来酸溶液1)             -    5    -    -    -(马来酸)                       (0.5)癸二酸二正丁基酯           -    -    -    -    -
(C)元素硫                      -    -   0.5   -    -二叔壬基多硫               -    -    -    5    -
(D) 高碱性磺酸钙    (TBN2)400)-    -    -    -    -
(E)    氯化石腊                -    -    -    -    10(氯含量，50％重量)精制豆油                   -    -    -    -     -抗氧化剂，消泡剂          0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3   0.3
1)含10％重量马来酸油醇溶液2)总碱值
                                表1-2
实施例                                 6    7    8    9对照实施例                                                1
组合物(％重量)(A)基础油(矿物油，40℃,15cSt)     79.7 84.7 64.2 89.7 89.7
   (B)马来酸二正丁基酯                5     5    30  5    -含马来酸溶液1)                   -     -    -   -    -(马来酸)癸二酸二正丁基醋                  -     -    -   -    -
   (C)元素硫                          -     -   0.5  -    -二叔壬基多硫                      5     5    -   -    10
   (D)高碱性磺酸钙  (TBN2)400)       -     5    5    5   -
   (E)氯化石腊                        10    -    -    -   -(氯含量，50％重量)精制豆油                           -    -    -    -   -抗氧化剂，消泡剂                  0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3 0.3
1)含10％重量马来酸油醇溶液2)总碱值
                            表1-3
对照实施例                          2    3    4    5    6
组合物(％重量)(A)基础油(矿物油，40℃,15cSt) 89.7 79.7 84.7 89.7 89.7
    (B)马来酸二正丁基酯            -     -    -    -    -含马来酸溶液1)                 -     -    -    -    -(马来酸)癸二酸二正丁基酯               -     -    -    -    10
    (C)元素硫                      -     -    -    -    -二叔壬基多硫                   -     5    5    5    -
    (D)高碱性磺酸钙    (TBN2)400)  -     -    5    5    -
    (E)氯化石腊                    10    10   -    -    -(氯含量，50％重量)精制豆油                        -    5    5    -    -抗氧化剂，消泡剂               0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3
1)含10％重量马来酸油醇溶液2)总碱值
                               表1-4
实施例                         10   11  12   13   14   15
组合物(％重量)(A)基础油(矿物油，40％,15cSt) 84.7 84.7 84.7 89.7 89.7 89.7
(B)草酸二正辛基酯              5    -    -    5    -    -马来酸二-2-乙基己基醋      -    5    -    -    5    -柠檬酸二正丁基酯           -    -    5    -    -    5
(C)二叔壬基多硫                5    5    5    5    5    5
(D)高碱性磺酸钙    (TBN2)400)  5    5    5    -    -    -
(E)  抗氧化剂消泡剂           0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3
2)总碱值
                           表2-1
实施例                                  1      2      3      4      5
性能切割实验抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)    3.6    3.3    2.9    3.1    2.7刀具寿命(m)                      1453   1389   1311   1305   1519
      攻丝效率(％)S20C                             115    113    118    116    123SUS304                           118    120    117    115    133
        拉削抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)    5.19   4.93   4.52   4.75   3.72
        铰孔抛光表面粗糙度  Rz(μm)    3.2    2.9    1.8    2.8    1.0
                           表2-2
实施例                       6      7      8      9对照实施例                                               1
    性能切割实验抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm) 2.6    2.7    2.4    3.0    5.1刀具寿命(m)            1355   1372   1401    1512  876
    攻丝效率(％)S20C                   125    120    128     116   108SUS304                 133    118    131     117   104
    拉削抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)3.60   4.11   3.44    4.99  6.38
    铰孔抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)1.9    4.1    3.6     3.3   6.8
                           表2-3
对照实施例                  2     3    4   5    6
    性能切割实验抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)4.6   4.1  4.7 4.9  4.9刀具寿命(m)            1291  1004 953 939  1250
    攻丝效率(％)S20C                   106   111  110 109  106SUS304                 110   112  109 108  102
    拉削抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)5.75 5.29 5.91 6.15 7.13
    铰孔抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)4.9  4.3  6.9  7.2  5.6
                           表2-4
实施例                      10   11   12   13   14   15
性能切割实验抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm) 2.6  2.7  2.8  3.0  3.2  3.2刀具寿命(m)             1401 1388 1369 1335 1298 1287
攻丝效率(％)S20C                    122  120  120  118  117  116SUS304                  118  118  117  117  114  114
    拉削抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)4.05  4.39 4.62 4.31 4.78 4.86
    铰孔抛光表面粗糙度，Rz(μm)3.9   4.1  4.3  2.5  2.8  3.0
从表2中可见，与对照实施例比较本发明油组合物延长了刀具寿命，改善了抛光表面精度和提高了攻丝的加工性。
工业适用性：
切割或研磨油组合物提高加工效率，如减少加工刀具的磨损和改善抛光表面精度，并适宜用作切割油，如车削、攻丝、铰孔、拉削、钻孔或自动车床加工油。

Claims (8)

1．一种切割或研磨油组合物，包含(A)一种基础油和(B)至少一种选自有2到6个碳原子的二元酸、有3到6个碳原子的三元酸和这些酸的酯衍生物中的化合物，其中当(B)组分是二元酸或三元酸时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到20％(重量)，当(B)组分是二元酸或三元酸的酯衍生物时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到80％(重量)；其余为(A)组分。
2．一种切割或研磨油组合物，包含(A)一种基础油，(B)至少一种选自有2到6个碳原子的二元酸，有3到6个碳原子的三元酸和这些酸的酯衍生物中的化合物，和(C)一种含硫化合物，其中当(B)组分是二元酸或三元酸时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到20％(重量)，当(B)组分是二元酸或三元酸的酯衍生物时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到80％(重量)；当(C)组分为元素硫时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到2％(重量)，当(C)组分为硫化矿物油时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为30到99.95％(重量)，当(C)组分为烯属多硫、二烷基多硫或硫化油和脂时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到40％(重量)；其余为(A)组分。
3．一种切割或研磨油组合物，包含(A)一种基础油，(B)至少一种选自有2到6个碳原子的二元酸、有3到6个碳原子三元酸和这些酸的酯衍生物中的化合物，和(D)至少一种选自高碱性磺酸碱金属盐和高碱性磺酸碱土金属盐的化合物，其中当(B)组分是二元酸或三元酸时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到20％(重量)，当(B)组分是二元酸或三元酸的酯衍生物时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到80％(重量)，(D)组分量基于组合物总重量，为0.05到40％(重量)；其余为(A)组分。
4．一种切割或研磨油组合物，包含(A)一种基础油，(B)至少一种选自有2到6个碳原子的二元酸，有3到6个碳原子的三元酸和这些酸的酯衍生物中的化合物，和(C)一种含硫化合物和(D)至少一种选自高碱性磺酸碱金属盐和高碱性磺酸碱土金属盐的化合物，其中当(B)组分是二元酸或三元酸时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到20％(重量)，当(B)组分是二元酸或三元酸的酯衍生物时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到80％(重量)；当(C)组分为元素硫时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到2％(重量)，当(C)组分为硫化矿物油时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为30到99.95％(重量)，当(C)组分为烯属多硫、二烷基多硫或硫化油和脂时，基于组合物的总重量，其量为0.05到40％(重量)；(D)组分量基于组合物总重量，为0.05到40％(重量)；其余为(A)组分。
5．根据权利要求1至4任一项的切割或研磨油组合物，其中组分(B)的二元酸是乙二酸和丙二酸，组分(B)的三元酸是柠檬酸。
6．根据权利要求1至4任一项的切割或研磨油组合物，其中组分(B)选自二元酸和三元酸。
7．根据权利要求1至4任一项的切割或研磨油组合物，其中组分(B)是选自二元酸和三元酸的酯衍生物。
8．根据权利要求1至4任一项的切割或研磨油组合物，其中切割或研磨油组合物用于车削、攻丝、铰孔、拉削、钻孔或自动车床加工。
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CN1149312A (zh) 1997-05-07
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