CN104304107B - 一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，属于渔业技术领域。其特征在于包括以下步骤：1）池塘的整理；3）梭子蟹苗一般在5月中下旬投放，选择土池育苗的Ⅲ期幼蟹，每亩投放1-1.5公斤；6月下旬，投放游动活泼的抱卵虾每亩1-2公斤；在池塘底部种植沉水植物菹草用于改善水质；4）每间隔5-7天更换水量的70-80%，换水后及时消毒，并在第2天投一次水质改良剂；5）投喂蟹虾混合饲料，然后按照蟹、虾混养的常规方法饲养即可。上述一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其营养均衡，可以满足蟹、虾的日常需求，饲料效率高，蟹虾成活率高，体重增长快，还可显著增强蟹体免疫力，提高蟹体抗菌抗病毒的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于渔业技术领域，具体为一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法。
背景技术
梭子蟹，属于节肢动物，雄性脐尖而光滑，螯长大，壳面带青色；雌性脐圆有绒毛，壳面呈赭色，或有斑点，肉多，脂膏肥满，味鲜美，营养丰富，每百克蟹内含蛋白质14克、脂肪2．6克，有较高的营养价值和经济价值。脊尾白虾为一种中型虾类，体长5～9厘米，脊尾白虾的食性杂而广，蛋白质含量要求不高，不论死、活、鲜、腐的动植物饲料，或有机碎屑均能摄取，饲料采源广。梭子蟹、脊尾白虾单独养殖成本高。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明的目的在于设计提供一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法的技术方案，其营养均衡，可以满足蟹、虾的日常需求，饲料效率高，蟹虾成活率高，体重增长快；采用改良剂和水底种植沉水植物共同改善水质，快速修复养殖水体生态环境，提高蟹虾的产量和质量，降低了养殖成本。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1）池塘的整理：清除池底过多的淤泥，池塘进水50-60cm用漂白粉消毒处理，当整修好池塘后，在池底放上水泥管、瓦片作为障碍物，消毒后进水，池水深度为90-100cm，池塘进水后施发酵消毒过的农家肥作为肥水；
2）农家肥的发酵方法：将重量份数稻草灰10-20份、树叶杂草粉15-20份、酒糟5-10份、糠麸8-15份、鸡粪70-80份作为原料，按照1000kg原料加入450-600kg水的比例制作发酵液，并加入EM原液3-5kg、红糖1-2kg厌氧发酵8-10天即可；
3）梭子蟹苗一般在5月中下旬投放，选择土池育苗的Ⅲ期幼蟹，每亩投放1-1.5公斤；6月下旬，投放游动活泼的抱卵虾每亩1-2公斤；在池塘底部种植沉水植物菹草用于改善水质；
4）每间隔5-7天更换水量的70-80%，换水后及时每亩池塘用12-15kg生石灰全池均匀泼洒消毒，并在第2天投一次水质改良剂，所述水质改良由纤维素酶4-9份、蛋白酶5-10份、枯草芽孢杆菌20-30份、粪球菌10-20份、维生素C5-10份混匀制成，按照每亩池塘投放3-4g水质改良剂的比例投放，保持水质透明度在50-60cm；
5）投喂蟹虾混合饲料,由重量比的以下物质制成：红鱼粉20-30份、精氨酸5-10份、螺旋藻粉8-15份、免疫多糖4-6份、发酵豆粕10-15份、马尾松针粉2-3份、酒糟1-5份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉2-6份、鱼油2-3份、米糠10-15份、荆芥粉5-10份、纤维素酶5-8份、复合维生素0.2-0.5份、复合矿物质0.5-1份、鱼腥草粉5-8份；然后按照蟹、虾混养的常规方法饲养即可。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤2）中：稻草灰15份、树叶杂草粉18份、酒糟8份、糠麸12份、鸡粪75份作为发酵原料。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤2）中：稻草灰10份、树叶杂草粉15份、酒糟5份、糠麸8份、鸡粪70份作为发酵原料。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤2）中：稻草灰20份、树叶杂草粉20份、酒糟10份、糠麸15份、鸡粪80份作为发酵原料。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤4）中：纤维素酶4份、蛋白酶5份、枯草芽孢杆菌20份、粪球菌10份、维生素C5份制成水质改良剂。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤4）中：纤维素酶9份、蛋白酶10份、枯草芽孢杆菌30份、粪球菌20份、维生素C10份制成水质改良剂。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤4）中：纤维素酶7份、蛋白酶6份、枯草芽孢杆菌25份、粪球菌17份、维生素C7份制成水质改良剂。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤5）中：红鱼粉20份、精氨酸5份、螺旋藻粉8份、免疫多糖4份、发酵豆粕10份、马尾松针粉2份、酒糟1份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉2份、鱼油2份、米糠10份、荆芥粉5份、纤维素酶5份、复合维生素0.2份、复合矿物质0.5份、鱼腥草粉5份制成蟹虾混合饲料。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤5）中：红鱼粉25份、精氨酸8份、螺旋藻粉12份、免疫多糖5份、发酵豆粕12份、马尾松针粉2.5份、酒糟3份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉4份、鱼油2.5份、米糠12份、荆芥粉8份、纤维素酶7份、复合维生素0.3份、复合矿物质0.8份、鱼腥草粉7份制成蟹虾混合饲料。
所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤5）中：红鱼粉30份、精氨酸10份、螺旋藻粉15份、免疫多糖6份、发酵豆粕15份、马尾松针粉3份、酒糟5份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉6份、鱼油3份、米糠15份、荆芥粉10份、纤维素酶8份、复合维生素0.5份、复合矿物质1份、鱼腥草粉8份制成蟹虾混合饲料。
荆芥粉，采用荆芥茎叶干燥、粉碎制成；荆芥是唇形科、荆芥属多年生植物，荆芥有强烈香气，可驱虫灭菌，增强蟹虾的抗病毒、抗菌能力。鱼腥草粉，采用鱼腥草全草干燥、粉碎制成；鱼腥草味辛，性寒凉，归肺经，能清热解毒、消肿疗疮，具有抗菌、抗病毒、提高机体免疫力等作用，增强蟹虾的抗菌、抗病毒、提高机体免疫力。马尾松针粉，由于尾松针叶干燥、粉碎制成，是一种低能量、高蛋白饲料，富含动物生长发育所必需的氨基酸、维生素和多种微量元素；且能提高蟹虾的抗病力。马尾松针粉、荆芥粉、鱼腥草粉按照本发明配伍，比单独用一种组分的效果好，具有协同增效效果，与其它原料合理复配后，适口性与诱食效果好，还可显著增强蟹体免疫力，提高蟹体抗菌抗病毒的能力，且在水中稳定性好，对环境友好。
螺旋藻粉是梭子蟹最喜食的浮游藻类，也可以提高蟹虾的抗病力。枯草芽孢杆菌粉，可以调节蟹虾肠体内益生菌菌群，增强蟹虾应激性和自身免疫力。免疫多糖，提高抗病毒能力。枯草芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌分泌消化酶，降解动植物性饲料中复杂的有机物，促进消化吸收，提高饲料利用率。安全高效，无药残，无毒副作用，促进动物生长，增强动物免疫力和抗病力；同时缓解厌食，生长缓慢等应激反应。
上述一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其营养均衡，可以满足蟹、虾的日常需求，饲料效率高，蟹虾成活率高，体重增长快；采用改良剂和水底种植沉水植物共同改善水质，快速修复养殖水体生态环境，提高蟹虾的产量和质量，降低了养殖成本；各原料合理复配后，适口性与诱食效果好，还可显著增强蟹体免疫力，提高蟹体抗菌抗病毒的能力，且在水中稳定性好，对环境友好。
本申请文件中涉及的百分含量除另有说明外，其它的均为重量百分含量。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，并结合药效试验进一步说明本发明的有益效果。
实施例1
1）池塘的整理：清除池底过多的淤泥，池塘进水50-60cm用漂白粉消毒处理，当整修好池塘后，在池底放上水泥管、瓦片作为障碍物，消毒后进水，池水深度为90-100cm，池塘进水后施发酵消毒过的农家肥作为肥水；
2）农家肥的发酵方法：将重量份数稻草灰15份、树叶杂草粉18份、酒糟8份、糠麸12份、鸡粪75份作为原料，按照1000kg原料加入450-600kg水的比例制作发酵液，并加入EM原液3-5kg、红糖1-2kg厌氧发酵8-10天即可；
3）梭子蟹苗一般在5月中下旬投放，选择土池育苗的Ⅲ期幼蟹，每亩投放1-1.5公斤；6月下旬，投放游动活泼的抱卵虾每亩1-2公斤；在池塘底部种植沉水植物菹草用于改善水质；
4）每间隔5-7天更换水量的70-80%，换水后及时每亩池塘用12-15kg生石灰全池均匀泼洒消毒，并在第2天投一次水质改良剂，所述水质改良由纤维素酶7份、蛋白酶6份、枯草芽孢杆菌25份、粪球菌17份、维生素C7份混匀制成，按照每亩池塘投放3-4g水质改良剂的比例投放，保持水质透明度在50-60cm；
5）投喂蟹虾混合饲料,由重量比的以下物质制成：红鱼粉25份、精氨酸8份、螺旋藻粉12份、免疫多糖5份、发酵豆粕12份、马尾松针粉2.5份、酒糟3份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉4份、鱼油2.5份、米糠12份、荆芥粉8份、纤维素酶7份、复合维生素0.3份、复合矿物质0.8份、鱼腥草粉7份；然后按照蟹、虾混养的常规方法饲养即可。
上述实施例1的步骤2）中稻草灰10份、树叶杂草粉15份、酒糟5份、糠麸8份、鸡粪70份作为发酵原料；或稻草灰20份、树叶杂草粉20份、酒糟10份、糠麸15份、鸡粪80份作为发酵原料；步骤4）中纤维素酶4份、蛋白酶5份、枯草芽孢杆菌20份、粪球菌10份、维生素C5份；或纤维素酶9份、蛋白酶10份、枯草芽孢杆菌30份、粪球菌20份、维生素C10份；步骤5）中红鱼粉20份、精氨酸5份、螺旋藻粉8份、免疫多糖4份、发酵豆粕10份、马尾松针粉2份、酒糟1份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉2份、鱼油2份、米糠10份、荆芥粉5份、纤维素酶5份、复合维生素0.2份、复合矿物质0.5份、鱼腥草粉5份；或红鱼粉30份、精氨酸10份、螺旋藻粉15份、免疫多糖6份、发酵豆粕15份、马尾松针粉3份、酒糟5份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉6份、鱼油3份、米糠15份、荆芥粉10份、纤维素酶8份、复合维生素0.5份、复合矿物质1份、鱼腥草粉8份；其它同实施例1，也能达到本发明所述的有益效果。
以下结合对比试验进一步说明本发明的有益效果。
试验1：按照本发明实施例1所述方法进行梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，对照组1为梭子蟹普通方法单独养殖，对照组2为脊尾白虾普通方法单独养殖，对照组3为采用普通方法梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养；经过3个月的饲养后，试验结果见表1。
表1对比试验结果表
| 水质透明度 | 氨氮含量 | 硫化氢含量 | 成活率 | |
| 实施例1 | 50-60cm | 0.012 mg/L | 0.011mg/L | 95% |
| 对照组1 | 15-20cm | 0.04 mg/L | 0.035mg/L | 70% |
| 对照组2 | 20-25cm | 0.055 mg/L | 0.028mg/L | 65% |
| 对照组3 | 25-30cm | 0.06 mg/L | 0.04mg/L | 68% |
试验结果表明：经过本发明实施例1所述的处理方法处理后，水质透明度达到了50-60cm，氨氮含量为0.012mg/L，硫化氢含量为0.011mg/L，氨氮含量、硫化氢含量均低于渔业水质标准含量；本发明对养殖水体的水质改水效果显著，水质条件大大改善蟹虾吃食情况，减少了蟹虾病的发生，提高了蟹虾产量和成活率，提高了经济效益。
Claims (10)
1.一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1）池塘的整理：清除池底过多的淤泥，池塘进水50-60cm用漂白粉消毒处理，当整修好池塘后，在池底放上水泥管、瓦片作为障碍物，消毒后进水，池水深度为90-100cm，池塘进水后施发酵消毒过的农家肥作为肥水；
2）农家肥的发酵方法：将重量份数稻草灰10-20份、树叶杂草粉15-20份、酒糟5-10份、糠麸8-15份、鸡粪70-80份作为原料，按照1000kg原料加入450-600kg水的比例制作发酵液，并加入EM原液3-5kg、红糖1-2kg厌氧发酵8-10天即可；
3）梭子蟹苗在5月中下旬投放，选择土池育苗的Ⅲ期幼蟹，每亩投放1-1.5公斤；6月下旬，投放游动活泼的抱卵虾每亩1-2公斤；在池塘底部种植沉水植物菹草用于改善水质；
4）每间隔5-7天更换水量的70-80%，换水后及时每亩池塘用12-15kg生石灰全池均匀泼洒消毒，并在第2天投一次水质改良剂，所述水质改良剂由纤维素酶4-9份、蛋白酶5-10份、枯草芽孢杆菌20-30份、粪球菌10-20份、维生素C5-10份混匀制成，按照每亩池塘投放3-4g水质改良剂的比例投放，保持水质透明度在50-60cm；
5）投喂蟹虾混合饲料,由重量比的以下物质制成：红鱼粉20-30份、精氨酸5-10份、螺旋藻粉8-15份、免疫多糖4-6份、发酵豆粕10-15份、马尾松针粉2-3份、酒糟1-5份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉2-6份、鱼油2-3份、米糠10-15份、荆芥粉5-10份、纤维素酶5-8份、复合维生素0.2-0.5份、复合矿物质0.5-1份、鱼腥草粉5-8份；然后按照蟹、虾混养的常规方法饲养即可。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤2）中：稻草灰15份、树叶杂草粉18份、酒糟8份、糠麸12份、鸡粪75份作为发酵原料。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤2）中：稻草灰10份、树叶杂草粉15份、酒糟5份、糠麸8份、鸡粪70份作为发酵原料。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤2）中：稻草灰20份、树叶杂草粉20份、酒糟10份、糠麸15份、鸡粪80份作为发酵原料。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤4）中：纤维素酶4份、蛋白酶5份、枯草芽孢杆菌20份、粪球菌10份、维生素C5份制成水质改良剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤4）中：纤维素酶9份、蛋白酶10份、枯草芽孢杆菌30份、粪球菌20份、维生素C10份制成水质改良剂。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤4）中：纤维素酶7份、蛋白酶6份、枯草芽孢杆菌25份、粪球菌17份、维生素C7份制成水质改良剂。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤5）中：红鱼粉20份、精氨酸5份、螺旋藻粉8份、免疫多糖4份、发酵豆粕10份、马尾松针粉2份、酒糟1份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉2份、鱼油2份、米糠10份、荆芥粉5份、纤维素酶5份、复合维生素0.2份、复合矿物质0.5份、鱼腥草粉5份制成蟹虾混合饲料。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤5）中：红鱼粉25份、精氨酸8份、螺旋藻粉12份、免疫多糖5份、发酵豆粕12份、马尾松针粉2.5份、酒糟3份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉4份、鱼油2.5份、米糠12份、荆芥粉8份、纤维素酶7份、复合维生素0.3份、复合矿物质0.8份、鱼腥草粉7份制成蟹虾混合饲料。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种梭子蟹和脊尾白虾混养的方法，其特征在于步骤5）中：红鱼粉30份、精氨酸10份、螺旋藻粉15份、免疫多糖6份、发酵豆粕15份、马尾松针粉3份、酒糟5份、枯草芽孢杆菌粉6份、鱼油3份、米糠15份、荆芥粉10份、纤维素酶8份、复合维生素0.5份、复合矿物质1份、鱼腥草粉8份制成蟹虾混合饲料。
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