CN104272958A - Corn planting method - Google Patents
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- CN104272958A CN104272958A CN201410570482.4A CN201410570482A CN104272958A CN 104272958 A CN104272958 A CN 104272958A CN 201410570482 A CN201410570482 A CN 201410570482A CN 104272958 A CN104272958 A CN 104272958A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a corn planting method. The method comprises the following steps: trenching in autumn: trenching with a plough according to the wide and narrow row spacing mode; selecting seeds: selecting corn seeds which are full and uniform in size and have complete bud embryos and the bud embryo rate being 98% above, wherein damaged seeds and seeds with diseases are not used; seed processing: processing corn seeds with multi-effect triazole liquid; sowing in spring: trenching downwardly again in the trenched position, sowing in the trench in the wide and narrow row spacing mode with the pit spacing being 6 inches, planting two corn seedlings in each pit; managing the field: after pollination, entering in a wide row according to the height of plants, and bending but not breaking off thoroughly the corn stalks at the position of 2-3 leaves from top to bottom so that the nutrient is transmitted downwards. In comparison with the conventional technique, the planting method has the advantages that the yield is higher than before by two times and the yield per mu is above 3000 jin, shifting agriculture of corn crops can be realized; for red spider damage, manual pesticide spraying is realized, diseases and insect pests are reduced, straw turnover rate is higher than before by three times, and the land fertility can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods of corn with high yield.
Background technology
Corn is annual bluegrass undergraduate course (Poaceae) maize race (Maydeae) annual cereal, formal name used at school Zea mays, originate from north, in, South America.Plant is tall and big, and stem is strong, straight and upright.Leaf is narrow and large, and marginal wavy, in the both sides alternate of stem.Male flower inflorescence spike top is raw.Female flower flower fringe armpit is raw, and ripe subsequent valley fringe, the thick axis of tool, develops into two row's seeds after the paired file of small ear.In the somatic cell of dliploid milpa, chromosome number is 10 right.So the columns of corn is generally even column.Every 100 grams of nutrient composition contents comprise heat 106.00 kilocalorie, 22.80 grams, carbohydrate, and 1.20 grams, fat, 4.00 grams, protein, cellulose 2.90 grams, in many areas as Major Foods, is also the primary raw material of industrial alcohol and liquor.
Chinese 2012 food import total amounts 8,024 ten thousand tons, for 14% of China's gross yield, calculate by consuming 250 kilograms of paddy per capita year, mean that China's not food import just has 3.3 hundred million people's food shortages, account for 30% of world's population of lacking food, be equivalent to the total population in Liang Ge Sichuan Province of a Henan Province, the food problem solving China and the world is extremely urgent.At present, as shown in fig. 1, ordinary maize implantation methods gives free rein to growth, line-spacing about 1.5 chi, spacing in the rows about 1.2 chi, every mu of roughly 3000-3500 strain, and about general corncob produces 0.4-0.5 jin, namely traditional product per mu yield is about 1000-1500 jin.For populous China, such per mu yield does not reach demand far away.Why is traditional corn planting method output hovered at 1000-1500 jin always?
This kind of implantation methods breaches per mu yield more than 3000 jin, and through testing for many years in the family plot of oneself, obtains successfully at one stroke.
The invention provides a kind of corn planting method that can realize high yield, realize the object of high yield when additionally not adopting high cost planting machinery and increasing labour cost.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned prior art present situation, the invention provides a kind of technical scheme that can solve the problem.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following means:
Corn planting method of the present invention, comprising:
Autumn ditches: autumn, in each band, narrow row line-spacing 40-50cm, ditched ground with plough, ditch depth about 5 cun, and residue width, as wide row, forms wide-and narrow-row using 1.18-1.2m as a band;
Seed selection: elite corn seed, requires full grains, Seed size is consistent, and without sick and wounded grain, bud embryo is complete, and bud ratio reaches more than 98%;
Seed treatment: use paclobutrazol liquid process corn seed, to control maize seedling strain, control to nourish and grow, thus T suppression cell extends, shortens internode, dwarfed plant, promote that short, the seedling of seedling is thick, Miao Zhuan, root are fine to reach, promote resistance and resistant to lodging;
Spring is sowed: again ditch about 3 cun downwards in the position of ditching before, and sow from earth's surface 6-7 cun of place in ditch with the pattern of above-mentioned wide-and narrow-row, acupoint selection is apart from 6 cun, and two or three corn seeds are planted in every cave;
Field management: utilize wide-and narrow-row advantage, leniently be advanced into, carry out operation of spraying insecticide and topdress, wherein, at corn growth to the 7-9 leaf phase, topdress, fertilizer is sprinkled into along maize seedling root, leniently be advanced into, control the angle of plough, the soil plowed is leaned to one side, the ditch of maize seedling position is covered, to strengthen the drought resisting lodging tolerance of corn, and spray 300ppm paclobutrazol liquid, 50kg/ mu, increase root layer and radical, promote secondary root growth, reduce plant height and fringe position, stem increases thick, strengthen lodging tolerance, blade shortens, broadening, thicken, cauline leaf angle diminishes, its upper leaf area is also extended stationary phase to some extent, improve colony's net assimilation rate, increase corn thousand substance weights, accelerate filling speed, reduce empty bar rate, improve grain number per spike and grain weight, make corn yield increasing 12.27%, grow to the toy trumpet mouth phase at corn and quantitatively spray paclobutrazol liquid according to upgrowth situation, after corn pollination, leniently be advanced into according to plant height situation, be folded down at the corn straw at 2-3 leaf place from top to bottom, but do not disconnect, make nutrition going down, because reducing plant height, avoid mutually blocking, ventilation and penetrating light, make the photosynthesis of below more abundant, avoid the corn lodging because plant height causes simultaneously.
Wherein between sowing time, every 3, bunch planting kind seed, when corn grows 4 intact leafs, carries out thinning according to seedling strain growing way, leaves and takes the seedling strain of robust growth, stay two strain maize seedlings in each cave.
Wherein apply fertilizer prior to seeding, fertilizing amount is the twice of traditional planting method.
Wherein in seedling stage and leaf phase, fertilization of leaves is increased to corn, promote that it grows.
Wherein in the corn toy trumpet mouth phase, to the control of carrying out of plant, mode sprays in plant blade face for adopting paclobutrazol solution, impels plant to the sturdy future development of dwarfing.
Wherein use paclobutrazol liquid process corn seed, seed is stirred on spray limit, limit, then wets gunnysack lid on seed with one, process 5-6h.
Method of the present invention also comprises, and after results, when autumn ditches then, alternately changes one's profession to wide-and narrow-row, to realize crop rotation plantation.
Wherein during field management, topdress in the pustulation period of corn, impose 10 kilograms, every mu, urea.
Acetochlor ec or atrazine colloidal suspending agent or Yiyoushui is used to be watered rear spraying ground before wherein emerging after corn seeding, or grew to for 4 ~ 5 leaf phases at corn, use atrazine colloidal suspending agent, after being watered, below corn in the ranks bottom leaf, weeding is carried out in directed spraying.
Wherein, a band is 1.2m, narrow row line-spacing 40-50cm, and wide every trade is apart from 70-80cm.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
1. compared with routine techniques, output significantly improves, and is 2 times of general tradition plantation, output more than 3000 jin;
2. can realize corn crop wheel to plough;
3. for two spotted spider mite insect pest, be convenient to realize artificial mark spraying medicine, reduce damage by disease and insect;
4. straw-returning is three times of traditional planting method, can increase soil effort.
5. make darker than conventional method 5-6 cun of the root system of corn owing to have employed plough deep ditching method implantation methods, add drought-resistant ability, facilitate the growth of corn.And impel corn root tiger radix unguis more by plough ridging method, stabilize absorption and the lodging tolerance of corn nutrient.For volume increase is laid a good foundation.
Specification of the present invention comprises accompanying drawing, to help to understand the present invention, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is plant arrangement schematic diagram in traditional corn implantation methods;
Fig. 2 is plant arrangement schematic diagram in the corn planting method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
4, accompanying drawing explanation
5, embodiment:
Below with reference to Fig. 2, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, it should be noted that the specific embodiment of the present invention is schematically with illustrative, should not think that it forms limitation of the scope of the invention.
Fig. 2 is plant arrangement schematic diagram in the corn planting method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, corn planting method takes wide-and narrow-row mode to plant, and specifically comprises:
Autumn ditches: annual autumn, and with the pattern of wide-and narrow-row, using 1.18-1.2m as a band, in each band, narrow row line-spacing 40-50cm, ditches ground with plough, ditch depth preferably 5 cun, and residue width, as wide row, forms wide-and narrow-row.Can make like this autumn rain, winter snow-broth gather in ditch, strengthen sowing position soil humidity, fertility, for good basis is laid in the sowing in next year.Wherein, preferably, be a band with 1.2m, narrow row line-spacing 40-50cm, wide every trade is apart from 70-80cm.
Seed selection: elite corn seed, requires full grains, Seed size is consistent, and without sick and wounded grain, bud embryo is complete, and bud ratio reaches more than 98%.
Seed treatment: use paclobutrazol liquid process corn seed, to control maize seedling strain, control to nourish and grow, thus T suppression cell extends, shortens internode, dwarfed plant, promote that seedling is short, Miao Zhuan, seedling are thick, root is fine to be reached, and promotes resistance and resistant to lodging, has sterilization and herbicide effect simultaneously concurrently, and, general corn 7-10 days is emerged, and after using the process of paclobutrazol liquid, can realize emerging for about 9-12 days.
Spring is sowed: the spring of coming year after ditching autumn; again ditch downwards in the position of ditching before; preferably again ditch about 3 cun downwards; now carry out this to plow and can reach the effect of weeding; and; sow after twice trench digging that the seed degree of depth can be made to compare common type of seeding is darker; strengthen the drought-resistant ability of corn; again after trench digging; with the pattern of above-mentioned wide-and narrow-row in ditch with a certain distance from earth's surface, preferably 6-7 cun of place's sowing; acupoint selection is apart from 6 cun, and two or three corn seeds are planted in every cave alternatively.In addition, because north wind in spring is many, seedling grow in ditch can play wind sheltering, face south, the effect of anti-early frost.
Field management: preferably utilize wide-and narrow-row advantage, be leniently advanced into, carries out operations such as spraying insecticide, topdress, wherein, preferably, at corn growth to the 7-9 leaf phase, topdress, fertilizer is sprinkled into along maize seedling root, leniently be advanced into, control the angle of plough, the soil plowed is leaned to one side, the ditch of maize seedling position is covered, to strengthen the drought resisting lodging tolerance of corn; And spray paclobutrazol liquid, its concentration is preferably 300ppm, and fountain height is preferably 50kg/ mu, by this liquid of spray plug, can increase root layer and radical, promote secondary root growth; Reduce plant height and fringe position, stem increases thick, strengthen lodging tolerance, blade shortens, broadening, thicken, cauline leaf angle diminishes, its upper leaf area is also extended stationary phase to some extent, improve colony's net assimilation rate, increase corn thousand substance weights, accelerate filling speed, reduce empty bar rate, improve grain number per spike and grain weight, in implantation methods of the present invention, usually can realize making corn yield increasing 12.27% even higher, grow to the toy trumpet mouth phase at corn and quantitatively spray paclobutrazol liquid according to upgrowth situation, preferably this paclobutrazol liquid is 300ppm paclobutrazol liquid.After corn pollination, leniently be advanced into according to plant height situation, the corn straw at 2-3 leaf place is folded down from top to bottom again, but do not disconnect, make nutrition going down, because reducing plant height, avoid mutually blocking, ventilation and penetrating light, makes the photosynthesis of below more abundant, avoids the corn lodging because plant height causes simultaneously.
Wherein, between sowing time, every bunch planting kind 2 seeds can be selected, now without the need to thinning.Also can select every 3, bunch planting kind seed, in this case, need after emerging, preferably when corn grows 4 intact leafs, carry out thinning according to seedling strain growing way, leave and take the seedling strain of robust growth, in each cave, stay two strain maize seedlings.The preferred employing second way, can control seedling strain number better, prevent unnecessary to be short of seedling, single growth of cereal crop seedlings condition.In implantation methods of the present invention, preferably before seeding corn, apply fertilizer in the set of regions between narrow row, fertilizing amount is the twice of traditional planting method, available plough ditching-fertilizing in this step, preferably, every mu can applications of farmyard manure 1500 kilograms, nitrogen 9 kilograms, 4 kilograms, phosphorus, 5 kilograms, potassium, zinc fertilizer 1 kilogram.
Preferably, in implantation methods of the present invention, in seedling stage and leaf phase, fertilization of leaves is increased to corn, promote that it grows.The leaf fertilizer now enriched can be that conventional leaf is fertile, to promote corn growth.
Preferably, in implantation methods of the present invention, in the corn toy trumpet mouth phase, can control carrying out of plant, mode for quantitatively to spray paclobutrazol liquid in plant blade face according to plant growth condition, with impel plant to dwarfing sturdy future development.Preferably, this paclobutrazol liquid is 300ppm paclobutrazol liquid.
Preferably, in implantation methods of the present invention, adopt the mode of paclobutrazol liquid process corn seed to be that limit is sprayed paclobutrazol liquid limit and stirred seed, then wet gunnysack lid on seed with one, process 5-6h.Wherein preferably, paclobutrazol liquor strength is 150ppm, and fountain height is that every kg corn seed sprays 0.2kg liquid.Or adopt the paclobutrazol liquid soaking corn seed of 40ppm, the processing time is preferably 8-12 hour.
Preferably, in implantation methods of the present invention, after harvesting, preferably when autumn ditches then, alternately line feed is carried out to wide-and narrow-row, to realize crop rotation plantation.
Preferably, in implantation methods of the present invention, at field management device, topdress in the pustulation period of corn, preferably impose 10 kilograms, every mu, urea.
Preferably, in implantation methods of the present invention, chemical weed control mode can be adopted to carry out weeding, acetochlor ec or atrazine colloidal suspending agent or Yiyoushui is used to be watered rear spraying ground before emerging after being specially corn seeding, or grew to for 4 ~ 5 leaf phases at corn, use atrazine colloidal suspending agent, after being watered, below corn in the ranks bottom leaf, weeding is carried out in directed spraying.More preferably: before emerging after corn seeding, every mu uses 50% acetochlor ec 110 milliliters or 40% atrazine colloidal suspending agent 220 milliliters or 40% Yiyoushui 220 milliliters, be watered 50 kilograms of spraying ground, or grew to for 4 ~ 5 leaf phases at corn, every mu uses 40% atrazine colloidal suspending agent 160 milliliters or 220 milliliters, 20% Kirchhoff integral aqua, be watered 50 kilograms below corn in the ranks bottom leaf directed spraying carry out weeding.
The principles of increase yield of implantation methods of the present invention is:
According to implantation methods of the present invention, every bandwidth is 1.18-1.2m, arranges wide-and narrow-row, can the plantation of falling cave continuously, the maize straw obtained is 3 times more than of general planting method, by this maize straw, greatly can increase land fertility, for the plantation of next year lays a good foundation, and, adopt wide-and narrow-row cropping pattern, corn field 50% area can be made to obtain leisure and increase soil fertility, recover soil aggregate, can improve next year corn planting to seedling stage anti-spring drought, save seedling, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuan from damage.And implantation methods of the present invention takes full advantage of Dominance in border row and in conjunction with plant control method etc., ventilates, photosynthesis is very abundant, is conducive to plant strain growth.Even if therefore every strain output is lower than general planting method, but due to the plant number of every mu planting be three times of traditional seedlings, therefore, it is possible to realize per mu yield be general planting method 2-2.5 doubly more than.
General traditional Planting Row Distance is 1.5 chis, spacing in the rows 1.2 chi, and mu stays seedling to be roughly 3300 strains, and about general corn one fringe produces 0.4-0.5 jin, therefore traditional cultivation method per mu yield is about 1000 to 1500 jin.
In the method for the invention, every mu is stayed general 10040 strains of seedling, except removing diseases and pests, Dan Miao, the factor such as to be short of seedling, guarding stays seedling every mu of 9000 strains, and every strain produces a fringe, every fringe corn heavily about 0.35 jin usually, calculate according to this, known employing method of the present invention can realize per mu yield corn about about 3150 jin.
In addition, for insect pests such as the incidental two spotted spider mite of most time corns, traditional implantation methods cannot implement artificial mark spraying medicine because line-spacing is less, thus cannot effectively administer, but, according to implantation methods of the present invention, wide row part can be entered and implement artificial mark spraying medicine, effectively prevent damage by disease and insect.
Adopt the Economic and Efficiency Analysis of implantation methods of the present invention:
In traditional cultivation method, if according to per mu yield 1200 jin, corn 1 yuan per jin calculates, and removing is cultivated, water, gather in, the cost about 700 yuan every mu of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, cultivates income and is about 500 yuan every mu.
In implantation methods of the present invention, average yield per mu about 3000 jin, by 1 yuan 1 jin calculating, the costs about 1000 yuan such as removing is cultivated, waters, gathered in, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, cultivate income and be about 2000 yuan every mu, take in as tradition cultivates 4 times more than of method, can greatly stimulate peasant to plant ground enthusiasm.
Describe several embodiment of the present invention and advantage thereof by means of example above, describe comparatively concrete and detailed, it should be noted that and do not think that description forms limiting the scope of the invention above.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, when not departing from the present invention's design, multiple changes and improvements can be made to above-mentioned embodiment, thinking that this changes and improvements all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is only defined by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. a corn planting method, specifically comprises:
Autumn ditches: autumn, in each band, narrow row line-spacing 40-50cm, ditched ground with plough, ditch depth about 5 cun, and residue width, as wide row, forms wide-and narrow-row using 1.18-1.2m as a band;
Seed selection: elite corn seed, requires full grains, Seed size is consistent, and without sick and wounded grain, bud embryo is complete, and bud ratio reaches more than 98%;
Seed treatment: use paclobutrazol liquid process corn seed, to control maize seedling strain, control to nourish and grow, thus T suppression cell extends, shortens internode, dwarfed plant, promote that short, the seedling of seedling is thick, Miao Zhuan, root are fine to reach, promote resistance and resistant to lodging;
Spring is sowed: again ditch about 3 cun downwards in the position of ditching before, and sow from earth's surface 6-7 cun of place in ditch with the pattern of above-mentioned wide-and narrow-row, acupoint selection is apart from 6 cun, and two or three corn seeds are planted in every cave;
Field management: utilize wide-and narrow-row advantage, leniently be advanced into, carry out operation of spraying insecticide and topdress, wherein, at corn growth to the 7-9 leaf phase, topdress, fertilizer is sprinkled into along maize seedling root, leniently be advanced into, control the angle of plough, the soil plowed is leaned to one side, the ditch of maize seedling position is covered, to strengthen the drought resisting lodging tolerance of corn, and spray 300ppm paclobutrazol liquid, 50kg/ mu, increase root layer and radical, promote secondary root growth, reduce plant height and fringe position, stem increases thick, strengthen lodging tolerance, blade shortens, broadening, thicken, cauline leaf angle diminishes, its upper leaf area is also extended stationary phase to some extent, improve colony's net assimilation rate, increase corn thousand substance weights, accelerate filling speed, reduce empty bar rate, improve grain number per spike and grain weight, make corn yield increasing 12.27%, grow to the toy trumpet mouth phase at corn and quantitatively spray paclobutrazol liquid according to upgrowth situation, after corn pollination, leniently be advanced into according to plant height situation, be folded down at the corn straw at 2-3 leaf place from top to bottom, but do not disconnect, make nutrition going down, because reducing plant height, avoid mutually blocking, ventilation and penetrating light, make the photosynthesis of below more abundant, avoid the corn lodging because plant height causes simultaneously.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein between sowing time, every 3, bunch planting kind seed, when corn grows 4 intact leafs, carries out thinning according to seedling strain growing way, leaves and takes the seedling strain of robust growth, stay two strain maize seedlings in each cave.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein applies fertilizer prior to seeding, and fertilizing amount is the twice of traditional planting method.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein increases fertilization of leaves in seedling stage and leaf phase to corn, promotes that it grows.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein in the corn toy trumpet mouth phase, to the control of carrying out of plant, mode sprays in plant blade face for adopting paclobutrazol solution, impels plant to the sturdy future development of dwarfing.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein use paclobutrazol liquid process corn seed, seed is stirred on spray limit, limit, then wets gunnysack lid on seed with one, process 5-6h.
7. the method for claim 1, also comprises, and after results, when autumn ditches then, alternately changes one's profession to wide-and narrow-row, to realize crop rotation plantation.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein during field management, topdresses in the pustulation period of corn, imposes 10 kilograms, every mu, urea.
9. the method according to any one of claim 1-8 item, acetochlor ec or atrazine colloidal suspending agent or Yiyoushui is used to be watered rear spraying ground before wherein emerging after corn seeding, or grew to for 4 ~ 5 leaf phases at corn, use atrazine colloidal suspending agent, after being watered, below corn in the ranks bottom leaf, weeding is carried out in directed spraying.
10. the method according to any one of claim 1-8, wherein, a band is 1.2m, narrow row line-spacing 40-50cm, and wide every trade is apart from 70-80cm.
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| CN105027911A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-11-11 | 河南科技大学 | Method for detecting whether after-drought re-watering compensatory growth of corn in seedling stage happens or not |
| CN106304993A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2017-01-11 | 郑浩生 | Yield increasing technique used in floral grain period of corn |
| CN106386150A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-02-15 | 柳杨丽 | Zinc-enriched corn high and stable yield cultivation technology |
| CN106577681A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-04-26 | 华中农业大学 | Efficient rice basic leaf angle decreasing compound and application thereof |
| CN107027506A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-08-11 | 韩伟 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of summer corn |
| CN107135789A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-08 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high-yield corn |
| CN107241936A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-13 | 合肥满地金农业科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method of corn seed |
| CN107409674A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-12-01 | 黄勇 | A kind of implantation methods for improving corn quality |
| CN108684465A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-10-23 | 大庆市农业技术推广中心 | Western Heilongjiang Province Maize in Arid Regions stalk exempts from 4090 high-yield culture technique of burn and recycle in field |
| CN109089768A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-28 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving flax lodging tolerance |
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