CN102845200A - Low-cost beet mechanical precision spaced sowing cultivation method - Google Patents
Low-cost beet mechanical precision spaced sowing cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost beet mechanical precision spaced sowing cultivation method, relates to a beet cultivation method, and aims at solving the problems of low beet output, low benefits and high production cost in the existing beet cultivation. The beet cultivation method comprises the following steps of: I, performing subsoiling farming on a land parcel with flat terrain and good water drainage property and not used for growing beet for more than 4 years; II, performing formula deep fertilization; III, early sowing: performing mechanical precision spaced sowing of the beet seeds by a mechanical precision sowing machine; IV, disposing weeds in the field for the stem leaves of the seedling; V, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: preventing and controlling the soil insects, cabbage moths and cercospora beticola; and VI, performing mechanical harvesting after the beet is ripe. With the adoption of the low-cost beet mechanical precision spaced sowing cultivation method, the average output of the beet roots reaches 45.2t/hm<2>, the sugar content of the beet roots is increased by 0.6 degrees over the beet roots obtained by common artificial cultivation, and the production cost is effectively reduced; and the method disclosed by the invention is mainly applied to the beet cultivation of the main production area of beet.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of beet.
Background technology
Beet is not only the important zonal specialty economies crop of northern China agricultural, also is the primary sugar material resource of China except sugarcane.The development of beet production and sugar industry all can have a direct impact Region National Economy and people's lives.Approximately 300,000 hectares of the every Annual planting areas of whole nation beet, there are the ground such as Heilungkiang, Jilin, Inner Mongol, Xinjiang the major production areas, and wherein maximum with producing region, Heilungkiang cultivated area, every annual sowing area accounts for more than 50% of national beet sowing area.
China's beet growing method roughly is divided at present: direct sowing culture, plastic film mulching cultivation and 3 kinds of planting types of paper web growing nursery and culture.Wherein plastic mulching and paper web growing nursery and culture, although can improve by a relatively large margin beet root output, because technology content and cost are higher, the large tracts of land of always failing is pushed open.Most farmers is still using traditional direct sowing culture planting beet, and along with the raising of China's labor cost, the low-cost cultivating and growing beet of mechanization has been subject to the attention in each sugar refinery and the favor of plantation peasant household.
Summary of the invention
To the present invention seeks to have the problem that Sugarbeet Yield is low, benefit is low and production cost is high in the beet growing now in order solving, and a kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method to be provided.
A kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method of the present invention is to realize through the following steps:
One, deep loose plough: Sugarbeet Fields selects not plant more than 4 years level land that physical features is smooth, draining is good, soil property is fertile or the flat hillock of beet, and the soil is carried out whole ground of autumn, the subsoiling ridging, and the subsoiling standard adopts 50～65 centimetres of narrow rows apart from plantation at 30～35 centimetres;
Two, prescription deep fertilizer spraying: cooperate the subsoiling ridging, the disposable deep placement of chemical fertilizer is made base fertilizer, wherein fertilization depth is 20～25 centimetres, and the per hectare fertilizing amount is 120～140 kilograms of N, P
2O
560～80 kilograms, K
240～60 kilograms of O;
Three, precision point sowing: the time was 20～30 April, when the ground temperature of 5 cm layer of soil is stabilized in 5 ℃, when being stabilized in 10 ℃, external environment temperature sows in early days, German UD2000 type 4 row mechanical type precision sowers after the employing repacking carry out the mechanical precision point sowing of beet list embryo pill pelleting seed, seeding quantity is 7.7～8.5 ten thousand/hectare, spacing in the rows is controlled at 18～20 centimetres, immediately suppression behind the precision point sowing, and making the sowing depth after the suppression is 2～3 centimetres;
Four, chemical weed control: time one plough before the shovel, putting cold heating, dark time few upper soil then when weed growth to 3～4 leaf phases or Sugarbeet Growth to 2 pair true leaf, adopt phenmedipham and sethoxydim to carry out cauline leaf processing weeds in field behind the seedling, and then two shovels twice weeding;
Five, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: control soil insect, broccoli agrotis and cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet;
Six, mechanical harvest: adopt conventional method to carry out field management ripe to beet, then use towed single file reaping machine mechanical harvest.
Beet is root crop, obtains economic flow rate by the piece root.A kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method of the present invention uses the mechanization precision point sowing to cooperate with deep loose plough, early stage sowing, prescription deep fertilizer spraying, chemical weed control and prevention and elimination of disease and pests measure, has improved beet root output.
Time was 20～30 April, when the ground temperature of 5 cm layer of soil is stabilized in 5 ℃, when being stabilized in 10 ℃, external environment temperature sows in early days, can bring into play beet and can take full advantage of light, thermal resource in earlier stage by low temperature resistant biological property, emerge ahead of time, tiller, and effectively alleviate flea beetle harm, the basic function blade is formed early, form fast enough large green leaf area, lay the foundation for obtaining high yield.
Simultaneously, again because the mechanization precision point sowing can be according to type strain apart from sowing, guarantee the mu strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings, utilize mechanization precision point sowing beet list embryo pill pelleting seed can also save field repeatedly thinning and final singling recruitment, effectively reduce production cost.
The beet root output of utilizing the present invention to cultivate on average reaches 45.2t/hm
2, than common artificial cultivation volume increase beet root 7.7t/hm
2, volume increase 20.5% increases income 4312 yuan/hm
2Save chemical fertilizer, the 3540 yuan/hm of expense expenditure such as artificial
2, 7852 yuan/hm altogether increases income and economizes on spending
2, remarkable in economical benefits, the present invention is mainly used in the beet growing of beet main producing region.
Embodiment:
Embodiment one: the low-cost beet mechanization of present embodiment precision point sowing cultivation method follows these steps to realize:
One, deep loose plough: Sugarbeet Fields selects not plant more than 4 years level land that physical features is smooth, draining is good, soil property is fertile or the flat hillock of beet, and the soil is carried out whole ground of autumn, the subsoiling ridging, and the subsoiling standard adopts 50～65 centimetres of narrow rows apart from plantation at 30～35 centimetres;
Two, prescription deep fertilizer spraying: cooperate the subsoiling ridging, the disposable deep placement of chemical fertilizer is made base fertilizer, wherein fertilization depth is 20～25 centimetres, and the per hectare fertilizing amount is 120～140 kilograms of N, P
2O
560～80 kilograms, K
240～60 kilograms of O;
Three, precision point sowing: the time was 20～30 April, when the ground temperature of 5 cm layer of soil is stabilized in 5 ℃, when being stabilized in 10 ℃, external environment temperature sows in early days, German UD2000 type 4 row mechanical type precision sowers after the employing repacking carry out the mechanical precision point sowing of beet list embryo pill pelleting seed, seeding quantity is 7.7～8.5 ten thousand/hectare, spacing in the rows is controlled at 18～20 centimetres, immediately suppression behind the precision point sowing, and making the sowing depth after the suppression is 2～3 centimetres;
Four, chemical weed control: time one plough before the shovel, putting cold heating, dark time few upper soil then when weed growth to 3～4 leaf phases or Sugarbeet Growth to 2 pair true leaf, adopt phenmedipham and sethoxydim to carry out cauline leaf processing weeds in field behind the seedling, and then two shovels twice weeding;
Five, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: control soil insect, broccoli agrotis and cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet;
Six, mechanical harvest: adopt conventional method to carry out field management ripe to beet, then use towed single file reaping machine mechanical harvest.
The described deep loose plough of present embodiment step 1 carries out whole ground of spring to the plot of in time not carrying out whole ground of autumn, and push up the slurry ridging, suppression is worked continuously, to prevent the evaporation of water in soil;
If fail to apply fertilizer autumn during the described prescription deep fertilizer spraying of present embodiment step 2, can carry out layered deep placement fertilizer with the 2BT-2 sower early spring in autumn ridging plot;
The fertilising of present embodiment step 2 per hectare is 120～140 kilograms of N, reduces 10～30 kilograms than conventional amount; P
2O
560～80 kilograms, reduce 58～78 kilograms than conventional amount; K
240～60 kilograms of O reduce 53～73 kilograms than conventional amount, and used N fertilizer are urea.
The present embodiment step 3 is to be 5100～5600 strains according to the every mu of number of keeping a full stand of seedings, and results strain number is that mechanical precision point sowing is carried out in 4500～5000 strains.
The present embodiment step 4 deeply time go up less soil and refers to that this moment, beet seedling just was unearthed, when plowing, can only with little ploughshare deeply plow 20～25 centimetres dark, few native, then in order to prevent the soil pressure beet seedling.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one are different is that step 2 per hectare fertilizing amount is N125～135 kilogram, P
2O
565～75 kilograms, K
245～50 kilograms of O.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is that step 2 per hectare fertilizing amount is N130 kilogram, P
2O
570 kilograms, K
250 kilograms of O.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to three is that step 3 beet list embryo pill pelleting seed kind is HI0474, A Maisi, Bath is gloomy or BETA812.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to four is that the step 3 seeding quantity is 7.9～8.3 ten thousand/hectare, and spacing in the rows is controlled at 18.5～19.5 centimetres.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to four.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to four is that the step 3 seeding quantity is 8.1 ten thousand/hectare, and spacing in the rows is controlled at 19 centimetres.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to four.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment is different from one of embodiment one to six is that cauline leaf is processed the weeds in field method and is behind the step 4 seedling: per hectare is 16% sweet peaceful emulsion with 6000 milliliters of mass concentrations with 1500 milliliters of mass concentrations is that 12.5% sethoxydim emulsion mixes and is watered 300 kilograms of sprinklings of spraying afterwards.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment is different from one of embodiment one to seven is the described control of step 5 soil insect method: every mu is that 10% 1.5～2 kilograms of chlopyrifos granules or mass concentration are that 3% 1.5～3 kilograms of phoxim granules or mass concentration are that 0.5～2 kilogram of 5% carbosulfan granule evenly applies Sugarbeet Fields with fertilizer with mass concentration; Described control broccoli agrotis method: every mu is that to be watered 30 kilograms of spraying controls or mass concentration be that 20～30 milliliters of 10% cypermethrins are watered 30 kilograms of spraying controls or are that 1000～1200 times of liquid sprayings of high chlorine horse dilution of 20% prevent and treat with mass concentration to 20～30 milliliters of 2.5% decises (decis) with mass concentration; The described cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet method of preventing and treating: in mid-July～late August, service property (quality) concentration is 10% Difenoconazole (generation high or generation allusion quotation) water dispersible granules, every mu 35 gram is watered 30 kilograms of sprayings or mass concentration is 40% Flusilazole (Du Pont's lucky star), 4 milliliters every mu are watered 30 kilograms of sprayings, carry out the control of 3～4 blade face spray medicines in late July, every spray in 7～10 days once.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to seven.
Embodiment nine: the low-cost beet mechanization of present embodiment precision point sowing cultivation method follows these steps to realize:
One, deep loose plough: autumn in 2010, Sugarbeet Fields selects not plant more than 4 years the Hailun City beet demonstration area that physical features is smooth, draining is good, soil property is fertile of beet, and the soil is carried out whole ground of autumn, subsoiling ridging, the subsoiling standard adopts 65 centimetres of narrow rows apart from plantation at 30 centimetres;
Two, prescription deep fertilizer spraying: cooperate the subsoiling ridging, the disposable deep placement of chemical fertilizer is made base fertilizer, wherein fertilization depth is 22 centimetres, and the per hectare fertilizing amount is 130 kilograms of N, P
2O
570 kilograms, K
250 kilograms of O;
Three, precision point sowing: the time was April 23, when the ground temperature of 5 cm layer of soil is stabilized in 5 ℃, when being stabilized in 10 ℃, external environment temperature sows in early days, German UD2000 type 4 row mechanical type precision sowers after the employing repacking carry out the mechanical precision point sowing of beet list embryo pill pelleting seed, it is gloomy that the single embryo pill beet seed name that adopts is called Bath, seeding quantity is 7.7 ten thousand/hectare, spacing in the rows is controlled at 20 centimetres, immediately suppression behind the precision point sowing, making the sowing depth after the suppression is 2.5 centimetres, and sowing area is 150 mu;
Four, chemical weed control: time one plough before the shovel, putting cold heating, dark time few upper soil then in weed growth to 3～4 leaf phases, adopt phenmedipham and sethoxydim to carry out cauline leaf processing weeds in field behind the seedling, and then two shovels twice weeding;
Five, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: control soil insect, broccoli agrotis and cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet;
Six, mechanical harvest: adopt conventional method to carry out field management ripe to beet, then use towed single file reaping machine mechanical harvest.
Cauline leaf is processed the weeds in field method and is behind the described seedling of present embodiment step 4: per hectare is 16% sweet peaceful emulsion with 6000 milliliters of mass concentrations with 1500 milliliters of mass concentrations is that 12.5% sethoxydim emulsion mixes and is watered 300 kilograms of sprinklings of spraying afterwards;
The described control of present embodiment step 5 soil insect method: every mu is that 1.5 kilograms of 3% phoxim granules evenly apply Sugarbeet Fields with fertilizer with mass concentration;
The described control of present embodiment step 5 broccoli agrotis method: every mu is that 30 milliliters of 2.5% decises (decis) are watered 30 kilograms of spraying controls with mass concentration;
The present embodiment step 5 is prevented and treated the cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet method: in mid-July, service property (quality) concentration is 10% Difenoconazole (generation high or generation allusion quotation) water dispersible granules, and every mu 35 gram is watered 30 kilograms of sprayings, every spray in 10 days once, sprays altogether 3 times.
The beet root average yield that present embodiment adopts mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method to obtain reaches 45.2t/hm
2, than common artificial cultivation volume increase 7.7t/hm
2, increase income 4312 yuan/hm
2
Mechanization precision point sowing cultivated beet is saved chemical fertilizer, the 3540 yuan/hm of expense expenditure such as artificial
27852 yuan/hm altogether increases income and economizes on spending
2, remarkable in economical benefits.
The piece root yield result that present embodiment adopts mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method to obtain sees Table 1;
The root sugar content that present embodiment adopts mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method to obtain the results are shown in Table 2;
Present embodiment adopts mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method cost assessment result to see Table 3;
Table 1 mechanization precision point sowing cultivation piece root yield result
Obtain utilizing the beet root output of present embodiment mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method on average to reach 45.2t/hm by table 1
2, than common artificial cultivation volume increase piece root output 20.5%.
Table 2 mechanization precision point sowing cultivation root sugar content result
Obtain utilizing the beet root sugar content of present embodiment mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method on average to reach 18.8 ° by table 2, increase by 0.6 ° than common artificial cultivation.
Table 3 mechanization precision point sowing cultivation cost assessment unit/hectare
Obtain utilizing present embodiment mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method by table 3, the cultivation cost is 5070 yuan/hectare, reduces 3540 yuan/hectare than common artificial cultivation.
Claims (8)
1. low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method is characterized in that low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method realizes through the following steps:
One, deep loose plough: Sugarbeet Fields selects not plant more than 4 years level land that physical features is smooth, draining is good, soil property is fertile or the flat hillock of beet, and the soil is carried out whole ground of autumn, the subsoiling ridging, and the subsoiling standard adopts 50～65 centimetres of narrow rows apart from plantation at 30～35 centimetres;
Two, prescription deep fertilizer spraying: cooperate the subsoiling ridging, the disposable deep placement of chemical fertilizer is made base fertilizer, wherein fertilization depth is 20～25 centimetres, and the per hectare fertilizing amount is 120～140 kilograms of N, P
2O
560～80 kilograms, K
240～60 kilograms of O;
Three, precision point sowing: the time was 20～30 April, when the ground temperature of 5 cm layer of soil is stabilized in 5 ℃, when being stabilized in 10 ℃, external environment temperature sows in early days, German UD2000 type 4 row mechanical type precision sowers after the employing repacking carry out the mechanical precision point sowing of beet list embryo pill pelleting seed, seeding quantity is 7.7～8.5 ten thousand/hectare, spacing in the rows is controlled at 18～20 centimetres, immediately suppression behind the precision point sowing, and making the sowing depth after the suppression is 2～3 centimetres;
Four, chemical weed control: time one plough before the shovel, putting cold heating, dark time few upper soil then when weed growth to 3～4 leaf phases or Sugarbeet Growth to 2 pair true leaf, adopt phenmedipham and sethoxydim to carry out cauline leaf processing weeds in field behind the seedling, and then two shovels twice weeding;
Five, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: control soil insect, broccoli agrotis and cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet;
Six, mechanical harvest: adopt conventional method to carry out field management ripe to beet, then use towed single file reaping machine mechanical harvest.
2. a kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2 per hectare fertilizing amount is 125～135 kilograms of N, P
2O
565～75 kilograms, K
245～50 kilograms of O.
3. a kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2 per hectare fertilizing amount is 130 kilograms of N, P
2O
570 kilograms, K
250 kilograms of O.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described a kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation methods, it is characterized in that the described beet list of step 3 embryo pill pelleting seed kind is HI0474, A Maisi, Bath is gloomy or BETA812.
5. a kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that the step 3 seeding quantity is 7.9～8.3 ten thousand/hectare, and spacing in the rows is controlled at 18.5～19.5 centimetres.
6. a kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the step 3 seeding quantity is 8.1 ten thousand/hectare, and spacing in the rows is controlled at 19 centimetres.
7. a kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that cauline leaf is processed the weeds in field method behind the described seedling of step 4 and is: per hectare is 16% sweet peaceful emulsion with 6000 milliliters of mass concentrations with 1500 milliliters of mass concentrations is that 12.5% sethoxydim emulsion mixes and is watered 300 kilograms of sprinklings of spraying afterwards.
8. a kind of low-cost beet mechanization precision point sowing cultivation method according to claim 7 is characterized in that the described control of step 5 soil insect method: every mu is that 10% 1.5～2 kilograms of chlopyrifos granules or mass concentration are that 3% 1.5～3 kilograms of phoxim granules or mass concentration are that 0.5～2 kilogram of 5% carbosulfan granule evenly applies Sugarbeet Fields with fertilizer with mass concentration; Described control broccoli agrotis method: every mu is that to be watered 30 kilograms of spraying controls or mass concentration be that 20～30 milliliters of 10% cypermethrins are watered 30 kilograms of spraying controls or are that 1000～1200 times of liquid sprayings of high chlorine horse dilution of 20% prevent and treat with mass concentration to 20～30 milliliters of 2.5% decises with mass concentration; The described cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet method of preventing and treating: in mid-July～late August, service property (quality) concentration is 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, every mu 35 gram is watered 30 kilograms of sprayings or mass concentration is 40% Flusilazole, 4 milliliters every mu are watered 30 kilograms of sprayings, carry out the control of 3～4 blade face spray medicines in late July, every spray in 7～10 days once.
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| CN103125320A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-06-05 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Prevention method of beetroot brown blotch |
| CN103416385A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-12-04 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Closed weeding method for beet paper tube seedling seedbeds |
| CN103891557A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Post-seedling weeding method for seedling growing bed for sugar beet in paper pots |
| CN104081995A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-08 | 苏州市美人半岛齐力生态农产品专业合作社 | High yield planting method for sugar beet |
| CN105453874A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王伟 | Planting method for increasing sugar content of beet |
| CN108464210A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-31 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of beet obducens single seed mechanization two-membrane process cultural method and beet cropping pattern |
| CN111937707A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-17 | 内蒙古天圃农业科技发展有限公司 | Field management method for transplanting beet in paper tube |
| CN113229072A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-08-10 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mechanical double-film mulching cultivation method and planting mode for single seed of beet ball coat |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103125320A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-06-05 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Prevention method of beetroot brown blotch |
| CN103416385A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-12-04 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Closed weeding method for beet paper tube seedling seedbeds |
| CN103891557A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Post-seedling weeding method for seedling growing bed for sugar beet in paper pots |
| CN104081995A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-08 | 苏州市美人半岛齐力生态农产品专业合作社 | High yield planting method for sugar beet |
| CN105453874A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王伟 | Planting method for increasing sugar content of beet |
| CN108464210A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-31 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of beet obducens single seed mechanization two-membrane process cultural method and beet cropping pattern |
| CN111937707A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-17 | 内蒙古天圃农业科技发展有限公司 | Field management method for transplanting beet in paper tube |
| CN113229072A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-08-10 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mechanical double-film mulching cultivation method and planting mode for single seed of beet ball coat |
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Application publication date: 20130102 |