CN104193508B - A kind of preparation method being compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method being compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block Download PDFInfo
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- CN104193508B CN104193508B CN201410398856.9A CN201410398856A CN104193508B CN 104193508 B CN104193508 B CN 104193508B CN 201410398856 A CN201410398856 A CN 201410398856A CN 104193508 B CN104193508 B CN 104193508B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method being compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block, first with composite fermentation microbial inoculum, Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf is carried out biofermentation process, make desirable seedling matrix material, then mix with coconut palm bran, add binding agent curing molding, make and be compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block.Seedling culturing substrate block prepared by the present invention is lightweight, good physical performance, and its permeability, nutrient content, physical behavior are superior to peat, and this substrate block is used for the growth test of vegetable nursery, and effect is also superior to peat.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling medium technical field, utilize discarded Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf to produce the preparation method being compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block particularly to a kind of.
Background technology
Current substrate is broadly divided into inorganic and organic two big classes, and inorganic type substrate general both at home and abroad is rock wool, and organic type substrate is peat.But the former is difficult to degrade at nature, becomes solid waste after nursery, cause environmental pollution；The latter develops in a large number and causes the irreversible destruction of earth wetlands ecosystems；Therefore, considering from the angle of economy, resource, environment sustainable development, the agricultural plant development of resources one application feature utilizing wide material sources is suitable with peat, and reproducible replacement substrate seems very urgent and necessary.
As large agricultural country, China's agricultural production process can produce the garbage of a large amount of abundant species, wherein the output of the stem and leaf in the production of Fructus Musae Fructus Ananadis comosi etc. " side-product " is also very many, as a kind of special agricultural resource, Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf contains abundant nutritional labeling, and owing to containing substantial amounts of structure of fibrous tissue, its physical behavior and biological characteristics are especially suitable for and do host material.But often arbitrarily being thrown aside in actual production, this causes the significant wastage of resource virtually, it is unfavorable for the Sustainable Healthy Development of agricultural.Simultaneously, because domestic and international the developing rapidly of flower and seedling production, the mud and charcoal as current main organic substrate has been on the verge of exhaustion, all in succession formulates the relevant laws and regulations restriction excessive development and utilization of mud and charcoal both at home and abroad.Therefore, it is peat substitute by the exploitation of substantial amounts of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf garbage, is possible not only to promote the cycling and reutilization of waste material, and substrate culture cost can also be greatly lowered, there is important researching value and realistic meaning.
The cultivation matrix 95% that current domestic vegetable, fruit tree, flower seed plantlet are cultivated remains the organic substrate using peat soil or import, and compared with producing fertilizer with agricultural wastes, organic group Quality Research is less, and product fails to form commercialization and factorial praluction.Its technical bottleneck is that agricultural plant garbage adopts Traditional compost technology can not control the degree of decomposition of agricultural plant garbage, and conventional aerobic composting process is also difficult to efficiently produce matrixing product.The present invention, by Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf is carried out biofermentation process, develops compression light ground mass block, reaches saving of work and time during nursery, simple to operate, economize on kind, tape base field planting, need not to delay Seedling, nutrient balanced, the effect of improvement soil.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of preparation method being compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of preparation method being compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block, comprises the following steps:
(1) Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost: Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized and after chicken manure mixing, add the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf containing Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtillis, aspergillus niger, the purple streptomycete of heat, compost 8～15 days, dry, pulverize, obtain Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost；
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and proper amount of coconut bran are mixed, obtains composite interstitial substance；
(3) solidification of substrate: add appropriate polyvinyl alcohol in composite interstitial substance, sprays borax soln, curing molding, makes and be compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block.
Preferably, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtillis, aspergillus niger, the purple streptomycete thalline of heat weight ratio be 1～2:2～3:1～3:2～3.
Preferably, Trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis, ratio that the mixing thalline of the purple streptomycete of heat is not less than 200,000,000 total number of viable in every gram of carrier are adsorbed onto on carrier, make composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
Preferably, step (1), the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent addition of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf be Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf with chicken manure weight and 0.1～0.3%.
Preferably, step (1), Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf to be pulverized and chicken manure mixing, regulate C/N ratio to 20～40:1, heap body humid control is 60～70%.
Preferably, step (1), during compost, temperature rises to 65～70 DEG C and namely carries out turning 1～2 time.
Preferably, step (2), the weight ratio of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and coconut palm bran is 5～7:3～5.
Preferably, step (3), the weight ratio of composite interstitial substance and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.1～0.3.
Preferably, step (3), the concentration of borax soln is 0.8～1.2wt%.
Preferably, step (3), borax soln is the 70～90% of composite interstitial substance weight.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf is carried out biofermentation process first with the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf by the present invention, makes desirable seedling matrix material.Fermentation period is greatly shortened, and heap body programming rate is fast, and high temperature hold time is long, and the nutrient content of gained compost is better than peat.
(2) seedling culturing substrate block prepared by the present invention is lightweight, good physical performance, and its permeability, nutrient content, physical behavior are superior to peat, and this substrate block is used for the growth test of vegetable nursery, and effect is also superior to peat.
(3) seedling culturing substrate block prepared by the present invention can be widely applied to various crop nursery, and nursery is simple to operate, convenient management, seedling stage, the seedling of incubation was healthy and strong neat, without slow Seedling after field planting without fertilising, root system readily penetrates through, form firmly root ball with substrate, can transplant by band block after seedling, substantially increase work efficiency, reduce cost, and matrix weight is light, it is simple to carry transport, there is good application and marketing prospect.
(4) seedling culturing substrate block of the present invention be make full use of discarded Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf carry out biofermentation prepare, solve agricultural environment pollution on the one hand, make on the other hand in discarded Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf rich in nutrient recycled, the recycling economy development for Fructus Musae pineapple industry provides new approaches.
Detailed description of the invention
Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf is carried out biofermentation process first with the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf by the present invention, make desirable seedling matrix material, and as primary raw material, through scientific and reasonable preparation, add the high molecular polymer of nontoxic environmental protection carry out bonding, solidify, molding, produce lightweight, adapt to seedling medium wide, organic environment-friendly.Concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf is prepared:
The present invention filters out Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtillis, aspergillus niger, heat, and purple streptomycete is composite obtains the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf.Above-mentioned strain carries out single culture respectively, and thalline mixes after drying in proportion, is inoculated in absorption carrier, obtains composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the preparation method of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf of the present invention matrixing specific complex fermenting agent is as described below.
1. slant culture
Four kinds of bacterium connect inclined-plane respectively, cultivate 30 hours, are then added in sterilized water, vibrate 30 minutes, obtain bacteria suspension；
2. the cultivation of strain
The culture medium (weight portion) of trichoderma: 85～90 parts of Testa Tritici, powder of straw 7.0～12 parts, Semen Maydis powder 2.5～4.0 parts, 0.5～1.0 part of carbamide.Cultivation temperature 26～34 DEG C, from being inoculated into long Spore cultivation 72 hours.
The culture medium (weight portion) of bacillus subtilis: Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream 0.2～0.3 part, peptone 0.5～1.0 part, sucrose 0.3～0.6 part, NaCl0.2～0.5 part.Cultivation temperature 45～60 DEG C, cultivates 12～24 hours.
The culture medium of aspergillus niger adopts comprehensive potato culture or improvement Martin's agar culture medium: 20% potato juice 1L, glucose 20g, KH2PO43g、MgSO4·7H2O1.5g, sulfanilamide element 8mg, agar 20g, pH6.0.20% potato juice compound method: take peeled potatoes 200 grams, be cut into small pieces, adds water 1000 milliliters and boils 20 minutes, and filtrate is supplied 1000 milliliters by elimination potato ball.Cultivation temperature 25～28 DEG C, incubation time 7～10 days.
The culture medium of the purple streptomycete of heat: yeast powder 4g, Fructus Hordei Germinatus extract 10g, glucose 4g, distilled water 1L, agar 20g, pH7.3.Cultivation temperature: 25～28 DEG C, incubation time 5～7 days.
3. the preparation of composite fermentation microbial inoculum
Wash respectively culture medium by above-mentioned cultured strain, after drying, the ratio mix homogeneously of Trichoderma viride 1～2 part, Bacillus subtillis 2～3 parts, aspergillus niger 1～3 part, the purple streptomycete 2～3 parts of heat by weight, the ratio being not less than 200,000,000 total number of viable in every gram of carrier is adsorbed onto on carrier, makes the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf.
Preferably, described carrier is one or more combination of zeolite, wheat bran, bone meal, Testa oryzae.It is furthermore preferred that carrier is weight ratio is wheat bran and the Testa oryzae of 1:1.
Preferably, Trichoderma viride: aspergillus niger: bacillus subtilis: the purple streptomycete=1:3:3:3 of heat.
(2) Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost:
Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized and chicken manure mixing, regulates C/N ratio to 20～40:1, add Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf and chicken manure weight and 0.1～0.3% the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf, mix homogeneously, carry out compost.Heap body humid control is 60～70%.Heap temperature rises to 70 DEG C and namely carries out turning 1～2 time.Compost can become thoroughly decomposed for 8～15 days, after compost terminates, dries, and pulverizes, obtains Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost.
During compost, heap body maximum temperature reaches 72 DEG C, and heap body more than 65 DEG C can keep 5～7 days.The indices of gained Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost meets the requirement (in butt) of organic substrate: full nitrogen higher than 2.5%, available phosphorus higher than 1.2%, available potassium higher than 7.1%, organic higher than 57%, nutrient content is better than peat.
(3) preparation composite interstitial substance:
With Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost for main material, being optimized proportioning according to the physicochemical property of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and coconut palm bran, preparation can replace the seedling medium of peat, reduces seedling cost.The weight ratio of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and coconut palm bran is preferably 5～7:3～5.
(4) solidification of substrate:
The additive of high-quality environment-friendly type organic culture substrate must have safety non-toxic, pollution-free, can natural degradation, low price, the feature such as easy to use in soil, the present invention adopts biodegradable polymer polyvinyl alcohol as matrix binder, it is added in above-mentioned composite interstitial substance, makes substrate bond and solidify.The weight ratio of substrate and polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 1:0.2～0.4.After substrate and polyvinyl alcohol fully mix, spray the borax soln of 0.8～1.2wt% concentration, so as to solidify, be then pressed into difformity, after drying, namely make seedling culturing substrate block.Preferably, borax soln is the 70～90% of composite interstitial substance weight.
Seedling culturing substrate block prepared by the present invention, pH value, EC value, organic matter, humic acid, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, available nitrogen, available potassium, available potassium indices all meet the use scope of organic substrate, and wherein permeability, nutrient content, physical behavior are superior to peat.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, present invention is expanded on further, but is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
Wash respectively culture medium by cultured strain, after drying, Trichoderma viride by weight: aspergillus oryzae: bacillus subtilis: the ratio mix homogeneously of the purple streptomycete=1:3:3:3 of heat, it is adsorbed onto on carrier (wheat bran: Testa oryzae=1:1) in the ratio of the total number of viable of every gram of carrier 200,000,000, makes the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf.
Embodiment 2
Trichoderma viride by weight: aspergillus oryzae: bacillus subtilis: the ratio mix homogeneously of the purple streptomycete=1:2:1:2 of heat, it is adsorbed onto on carrier (wheat bran: Testa oryzae=1:1) in the ratio of the total number of viable of every gram of carrier 2.6 hundred million, makes the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf.
Embodiment 3
Trichoderma viride by weight: aspergillus oryzae: bacillus subtilis: the ratio mix homogeneously of the purple streptomycete=2:3:3:3 of heat, it is adsorbed onto on carrier (wheat bran: Testa oryzae=1:1) in the ratio of the total number of viable of every gram of carrier 2.2 hundred million, makes the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf.
Embodiment 4
Preparation is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block:
(1) Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost: pulverized by Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf and chicken manure mixing, regulates C/N ratio for, after 25:1, adding the composite fermentation microbial inoculum of embodiment 1 preparation of 0.2%, carries out pile fermentation, and heap body humid control is 60～70%.During compost, temperature rises to 70 DEG C and namely carries out turning 1～2 time.Compost terminates fermentation in 8 days, dries, pulverizes and sieves, and removes foreign material and agglomerate body, obtains Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost.
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and commercially available coconut palm bran are mixed with weight ratio 5:5, obtains composite interstitial substance.
(3) solidification of substrate: add the polyvinyl alcohol of 10% weight in composite interstitial substance, fully mix, sprays the borax soln of the 0.8wt% concentration that weight is composite interstitial substance 70%, spray limit, limit is stirred, so as to fluffy gel solidification, then the press with different moulds is compressing, makes seedling culturing substrate block.
Embodiment 5
Preparation is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block:
(1) Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost: pulverized by Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf and chicken manure mixing, regulates C/N ratio for, after 30:1, adding the composite fermentation microbial inoculum of embodiment 2 preparation of 0.1%, carries out pile fermentation, and heap body humid control is 60～70%.During compost, temperature rises to 65 DEG C and namely carries out turning 1～2 time.Compost terminates fermentation in 15 days, dries, pulverizes and sieves, and removes foreign material and agglomerate body, obtains Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost.
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and commercially available coconut palm bran are mixed with weight ratio 6:4, obtains composite interstitial substance.
(3) solidification of substrate: add the polyvinyl alcohol of 20% weight in composite interstitial substance, fully mix, sprays the borax soln of the 1wt% concentration that weight is composite interstitial substance 80%, spray limit, limit is stirred, so as to fluffy gel solidification, then the press with different moulds is compressing, makes seedling culturing substrate block.
Embodiment 6
Preparation is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block:
(1) Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost: pulverized by Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf and chicken manure mixing, regulates C/N ratio for, after 40:1, adding the composite fermentation microbial inoculum of embodiment 3 preparation of 0.3%, carries out pile fermentation, and heap body humid control is 60～70%.During compost, temperature rises to 70 DEG C and namely carries out turning 1～2 time.Compost terminates fermentation in 10 days, dries, pulverizes and sieves, and removes foreign material and agglomerate body, obtains Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost.
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and commercially available coconut palm bran are mixed with weight ratio 7:3, obtains composite interstitial substance.
(3) solidification of substrate: add the polyvinyl alcohol of 30% weight in composite interstitial substance, fully mix, sprays the borax soln of the 1.2wt% concentration that weight is composite interstitial substance 90%, spray limit, limit is stirred, so as to fluffy gel solidification, then the press with different moulds is compressing, makes seedling culturing substrate block.
The seedling culturing substrate block that embodiment 4～6 is prepared carries out materialization property detection, and its result is as shown in table 1.
The materialization property of table 1 substrate block
Visible, the seedling culturing substrate block prepared is lightweight, good physical performance, and its physical behavior is better than peat growing medium.Only need to supplementing amount of water before using, substrate block can expand and recoil to loose porous state.And soft fugitive after relying on merely the substrate imbibition of high pressure in bulk, inconvenience seedling management.
Investigating the impact of the prepared seedling culturing substrate block of embodiment 4～6 and peat growing medium, the growth of coconut palm furfuryl group confrontation cucumber seedling respectively, its result is as shown in table 2.
The impact that cucumber seedling is grown by the different organic substrate of table 2
From table 2 it can be seen that the substrate block seedling emergence rate of gained of the present invention is high, healthy and strong neat, nursery effect is better than peat growing medium and coconut palm furfuryl group matter.
Seedling culturing substrate block prepared by the present invention also can be widely applied to fruit tree, vegetable, flowers and other crops nursery, integrates substrate, nutrition, container, and what change tradition nursery joins soil, sterilization, dress alms bowl, de-numerous and diverse operation sequence such as alms bowl, transplanting.During use, only seedling culturing substrate block water fully need to being expanded, so that it may carry out sowing or divide Seedling, seedling stage, the seedling of incubation was healthy and strong neat, and without slow Seedling after field planting, product early goes public, increasing both production and income without fertilising；Nursery is simple to operate, convenient management, can transplant by band block after seedling, root system readily penetrates through, and forms firmly root ball with substrate, and matrix weight is light, substrate block cementability is good, bowl that need not be extra in transportation is loaded, it is simple to carries transport, substantially increases work efficiency, reduce cost, there is good application and marketing prospect.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method being compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block, comprises the following steps:
(1) Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost: Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized and after chicken manure mixing, add the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf containing Trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, the purple streptomycete of heat, compost 8～15 days, dry, pulverize, obtain Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost；
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and proper amount of coconut bran are mixed, obtains composite interstitial substance；
(3) solidification of substrate: add appropriate polyvinyl alcohol in composite interstitial substance, sprays borax soln, curing molding, makes and be compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, the purple streptomycete thalline of heat weight ratio be 1～2:2～3:1～3:2～3.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis, ratio that the mixing thalline of the purple streptomycete of heat is not less than 200,000,000 total number of viable in every gram of carrier are adsorbed onto on carrier, make composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
4. the preparation method according to claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterised in that: step (1), the matrixing specific complex fermenting agent addition of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf be Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf with chicken manure weight and 0.1～0.3%.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1), Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf to be pulverized and chicken manure mixing, regulate C/N ratio to 20～40:1, heap body humid control is 60～70%.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1), during compost, temperature rises to 65～70 DEG C and namely carries out turning 1～2 time.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2), the weight ratio of Fructus Musae pineapple stem and leaf compost and coconut palm bran is 5～7:3～5.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the weight ratio of step (3), composite interstitial substance and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.1～0.3.
9. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3), the concentration of borax soln is 0.8～1.2wt%.
10. the preparation method according to claim 1 or 9, it is characterised in that: step (3), borax soln is the 70～90% of composite interstitial substance weight.
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| CN104429858B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-07-07 | 中海石油化学股份有限公司 | A kind of cultivation matrix of quickly breeding Banana Seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN105481602A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-13 | 倪春仙 | Coconut brick fertilizer prepared from coconut shells and making method thereof |
| US20180029947A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-01 | Omega Ecotech Products India Pvt Ltd. | Activated aerobic composting media and production method thereof |
| CN107493933A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-22 | 广东环境保护工程职业学院 | Application in cultivating the method for the class plant that takes root using pineapple leaves discarded object and its afforesting and repair in mine |
| CN108373380A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-07 | 苏斌 | A kind of blocky organic planting matrix of Vegetable and its compression method |
| CN109983994A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-09 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of watermelon transplantation of seedlings substrate block and its cultural method |
| CN111616020A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-04 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Improvement method and application of composite matrix |
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