CN104158244A - First-order constant current mode charging circuit and constant current-constant voltage mode switchable charging circuit - Google Patents
First-order constant current mode charging circuit and constant current-constant voltage mode switchable charging circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a constant current mode charging circuit. The constant current mode charging circuit comprises a current integration comparator, a first ground capacitance, a first operational amplifier and a current controlling loop, wherein the current integration comparator is used for periodic sampling for current outputted through stored energy electrical inductance, and sampling current is compared with reference current to obtain the difference of the sampling current and the reference current; the first ground capacitance is connected with the output end of the current integration comparator and used for changing the difference of the sampling current and the reference current into an error voltage through capacitance integration; the current controlling loop is used for receiving amplified error voltage signals and sending the current of the stored energy electric inductance contained by the current controlling loop to the current integration comparator. The invention further provides a constant current-constant voltage mode switchable charging circuit. The constant current-constant voltage mode switchable charging circuit comprises a mode selection circuit, wherein the model selection circuit receives the output voltage signals of the first operational amplifier of the constant current mode charging circuit and the output voltage signals of a second operational amplifier of the constant current mode charging circuit respectively, and used for selecting to work in constant current mode or in constant voltage mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to switching type charger (Switching charger) technical field, relate in particular to a kind of constant current mode charging circuit and the changeable charging circuit of constant current-constant voltage mode.
Background technology
Switching regulator charging circuit has been widely used in electronic product, such as notebook computer, mobile phone, beep-pager, PDA etc.Constant current mode (CC mode) charging circuit of traditional switching regulator charging adopts the basic structure of voltage-dropping type (Buck) DC-DC more.Referring to Fig. 1, existing voltage-dropping type (Buck) DC-DC structure comprises outside the elements such as rest-set flip-flop, pulse-width modulation driving and switch, energy storage inductor, it adds current sample (sense) unit (being that Fig. 1 hollow core circle represents current sample) in the load of output, by feedback loop (being Fig. 1 circuit), guarantees constant output current.
If suppose that inductance peak current control loop (in figure shown in the dotted line) closed loop gain (closed loop gain of inductor peak current control loop) of voltage-dropping type (Buck) DC-DC structure is 1/R
i, the circuit block diagram that Fig. 1 is simplified as shown in Figure 2.
According to degenerative principle, can obtain following formula:
V
out(s)=V
refh (s) (1), wherein H (s) is the closed loop transmission function (Close loop TF) of whole system, V
out(S) be the output voltage of described system, V
refit is the reference voltage of described system.
Can obtain thus: I
out(s)=V
out(s)/R
load=V
refh (s)/R
load=I
refr
refh (s)/R
load(2), I wherein
out(S) be the output current of described switching regulator charging circuit, R
loadthe equivalent load resistance of described switching regulator charging circuit, I
refthe reference current of described switching regulator charging circuit, R
refthe reference load resistance of described switching regulator charging circuit.
From above-mentioned formula (2), I
outand V (s)
out(s) there is identical poles and zeros assignment, so described switching regulator charging circuit the open-loop transmission function of charging circuit and open-loop transmission function of buck DC-DC structure under constant current mode have identical poles and zeros assignment, in module gain bandwidth (Unit gain bandwidth) inside, there are three limits and two zero points, and many pole and zeros system (being high order system) more difficult design compensation circuit all conventionally.
Therefore, use the switching regulator charging circuit of existing constant current mode charging circuit and the buck DC-DC structure of Controlled in Current Mode and Based (CPM) to there is zero identical/pole distribution, cause loop compensation circuit very complicated, initial Circuit responce is nonlinear response and large electric current must adopt soft starting circuit (soft start up circuits) to prevent initial communication time occurs.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of single order constant current mode charging circuit, its loop compensation circuit is very simple, and when the initial communication of circuit very steadily prevents initial communication without soft starting circuit, large electric current occurs.
The present invention also provides a kind of constant current-constant voltage mode changeable charging circuit, and it has realized constant current mode seamlessly transitting to constant voltage mode.
The invention provides a kind of single order constant current mode charging circuit, comprising:
Current integration comparator, carries out periodic samples to the electric current of energy storage inductor output, sample rate current and reference current is compared, and obtain both differences;
The first ground capacity, connects the output of described current integration comparator, for the difference of described sample rate current and reference current is become to the error voltage of amplification by capacitance integral;
Described current integration comparator and described the first ground capacity form current integrator, for described constant current mode charging circuit provides gain and a limit;
The first operational amplifier, positive input terminal connects respectively described current integration comparator and the first ground capacity, and output connects its negative input end;
Current control loop, receives the output signal of described the first operational amplifier and the electric current of energy storage inductor that described current control loop is comprised sends to described current integration comparator.
Further, current integration comparator of the present invention comprises: the first switch, second switch, the 3rd switch, described first switch one end connects described reference current, the other end connects second switch in parallel, the 3rd switch and the first ground capacity, ground connection after sample rate current described in the other end of described second switch, the other end of described the 3rd switch connects ground connection after described reference current, described second switch is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level, described the 3rd switch is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is low level, the time of described the first switch closure is the time of second switch and the 3rd switch closure.
Further, the output of current control loop of the present invention also connects the first resistance R of a ground connection
lD, described the first resistance R
lDthe load of output during representative charging.
Further, the output of current control loop of the present invention also connects one second resistance R
s1, described the second resistance R
s1one second ground capacity C also connects
l1, the second resistance R of described series connection
s1with the second ground capacity C
l1represent the electrochemical capacitor equivalent electric circuit of output practical application.
The present invention also provides a kind of constant current-constant voltage mode changeable charging circuit, and constant current mode charging circuit and constant voltage mode charging circuit, also comprise:
Mode selection circuit, receive respectively the output voltage signal of the first operational amplifier of described constant current mode charging circuit and the output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier of described constant voltage mode charging circuit, for selecting to be operated in constant current mode or the mode selection circuit of constant voltage mode
Described single order constant current mode charging circuit comprises:
Current integration comparator, carries out periodic samples to the electric current of energy storage inductor output, sample rate current and reference current is compared, and obtain both differences;
The first ground capacity, connects the output of described current integration comparator, for the difference of described sample rate current and reference current is become to the error voltage of amplification by capacitance integral;
Described current integration comparator and described the first ground capacity form current integrator, for described constant current mode charging circuit provides gain and a limit;
The first operational amplifier, positive input terminal connects respectively described current integration comparator and the first ground capacity, and output connects its negative input end;
Current control loop, receives the output signal of described the first operational amplifier and the electric current of energy storage inductor that described current control loop is comprised sends to described current integration comparator.
Further, current integration comparator of the present invention comprises: the first switch, second switch, the 3rd switch, described first switch one end connects described reference current, the other end connects second switch in parallel, the 3rd switch and the first ground capacity, ground connection after sample rate current described in the other end of described second switch, the other end of described the 3rd switch connects ground connection after described reference current, described second switch is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level, described the 3rd switch is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is low level, the time of described the first switch closure is the time of second switch and the 3rd switch closure.
Further, the output of current control loop of the present invention also connects the first resistance R of a ground connection
lD, described the first resistance R
lDthe load of output during representative charging.
Further, the output of current control loop of the present invention also connects one second resistance R
s1, described the second resistance R
s1one second ground capacity C also connects
l1, the second resistance R of described series connection
s1with the second ground capacity C
l1represent the electrochemical capacitor equivalent electric circuit of output practical application.
Further, mode selection circuit of the present invention comprises two switched field effect pipes, the grid of described the first switched field effect pipe connects the output voltage signal of the first operational amplifier of constant current mode charging circuit, the grid of described second switch field effect transistor connects the output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier of constant voltage mode charging circuit, the source electrode of described the first switched field effect pipe and described second switch field effect transistor is all connected described reference current and output signal V, and the drain electrode of described the first switched field effect pipe and described second switch field effect transistor is ground connection respectively.
Further, in constant voltage mode charging circuit of the present invention, the output of the second operational amplifier also connects the 3rd resistance of a ground connection;
In described constant voltage mode charging circuit, the output of the second operational amplifier also connects one the 4th resistance, described the 4th resistance one the 3rd ground capacity of also connecting, described the 3rd resistance, the 4th resistance and the 3rd ground capacity are the loop compensation networks of constant voltage charge circuit.
From above technical scheme, the current integration comparator of the employing periodic sampling of the present invention in constant current mode charging circuit, make constant current mode become single order negative feed back control system, and be different from traditional duopole simple zero or three limits negative feed back control system at two zero point completely.And the present invention has realized constant current mode charging circuit seamlessly transitting to constant voltage mode charging circuit.Because the circuit reduction of constant current mode becomes single order negative feed back control system, loop compensation is very simple, and when the initial communication of circuit very steadily prevents initial communication without soft starting circuit, large electric current occurs.And constant current mode charging circuit and constant voltage mode charging circuit share inner current sampling circuit, and do not need external impressed current sampling resistor the same as traditional approach.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is constant current mode charging circuit connection side block diagram of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the circuit side connector block diagram that Fig. 1 simplifies;
Fig. 3 is that constant current mode charging circuit single order of the present invention is controlled model connection side block diagram;
The clock curve synoptic diagram of Fig. 4 energy storage inductor electric current;
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of current integration comparator in constant current mode charging circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the changeable charging circuit connection side of constant current-constant voltage mode of the present invention block diagram;
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of mode switch module in the changeable charging circuit of constant current-constant voltage mode of the present invention.
Embodiment
The current integration comparator of the employing periodic sampling of the present invention in constant current mode charging circuit, makes constant current mode become single order negative feed back control system, and is different from traditional duopole simple zero or three limits negative feed back control system at two zero point completely.And the present invention has realized constant current mode charging circuit seamlessly transitting to constant voltage mode charging circuit.Because the circuit reduction of constant current mode becomes single order negative feed back control system, loop compensation is very simple, and when the initial communication of circuit very steadily prevents initial communication without soft starting circuit, large electric current occurs.And constant current mode charging circuit and constant voltage mode charging circuit share inner current sampling circuit, and do not need external impressed current sampling resistor the same as traditional approach.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the present invention, further illustrate specific implementation of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 3, a kind of single order constant current mode charging circuit 3, comprising:
Current integration comparator 301, carries out periodic samples to the electric current of energy storage inductor output, sample rate current and reference current is compared, and obtain both differences.
The first ground capacity 302, connects the output of described current integration comparator 301, for the difference of described sample rate current and reference current is become to the error voltage of amplification by capacitance integral.
Described current integration comparator 301 and described the first ground capacity 302 form current integrator, for described constant current mode charging circuit provides gain and a limit, even if whole constant-current charging circuit 3 becomes single order degeneration factor.
The first operational amplifier 303, positive input terminal connects respectively described current integration comparator 301 and the first ground capacity 302, and output connects its negative input end.The gain that is connected to become of this first operational amplifier 303 is 1 buffer (buffer), for improving the fan-out capability of current integration comparator 301, and isolation current integration comparator 301 and current control loop 303, reduce mutual interference.
Current control loop 304, receives the error voltage signal after described amplification is processed and the electric current of energy storage inductor that described current control loop is comprised sends to described current integration comparator.
The current integration comparator of the employing periodic sampling of the present invention in constant current mode charging circuit, this current integrator gains and a limit for whole constant current charge loop provides, make constant current mode become single order negative feed back control system, and be different from traditional duopole simple zero or three limits negative feed back control system at two zero point completely.Because the circuit reduction of constant current mode becomes single order negative feed back control system, loop compensation is very simple, and when the initial communication of circuit very steadily prevents initial communication without soft starting circuit, large electric current occurs.
Referring to Fig. 4, in constant current mode charging circuit, the mean value of the electric current of energy storage inductor can be expressed as shown in formula (3) below.In Fig. 4, black curve is the offset current that RAMP module produces, and Grey curves is the electric current on actual inductance.Because the slope of energy storage inductor electric current when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level (Duty on) and when the control signal of described current integration comparator is low level (Duty off) is inter-related, so mean value of energy storage inductor electric current, the mean value of energy storage inductor electric current when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level, and the mean value three of energy storage inductor electric current when the control signal of described current integration comparator is low level is identical; If so can determine the energy storage inductor electric current when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level, just can determine the mean value of energy storage inductor electric current.Conventionally in constant current mode charging circuit, high-side power switch (high side power switch) is generally had to current sampling circuit, energy storage inductor electric current when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level readily appreciates that.Formula (3) represents the relation between the average current of energy storage inductor and the offset current of actual inductive current waveform and RAMP module.If the both sides of formula (3) are to formula (4) with taking advantage of dTs/C, this equation still to set up, formula (4) is expressed as at dTs and with electric current I_avg, the first ground capacity is carried out to integration in the time on circuit.Because can only determine the energy storage inductor electric current when control signal of described current integration comparator is high level when circuit is realized, and according to analysis above, as long as make the average of inductive current equal reference current when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level, at whole PWM, on the cycle, just can make so the average of inductive current equal reference current.
Wherein, I
avgthe mean value that represents the electric current of energy storage inductor, I
cthe initial value that represents the electric current of RAMP module, M
cthe slope that represents the electric current of RAMP module, M
1represent the slope of energy storage inductor electric current when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level (Duty on), d represents the duty ratio of the control signal of PWM, T
sthe frequency that represents the control signal of PWM.C represents the capacitance of the first ground capacity.
Particularly, referring to Fig. 5, current integration comparator 301 of the present invention comprises: the first switch (MOSFET switch) SW1, second switch (MOSFET switch) SW2, the 3rd switch (MOSFETswitch) SW3, described first interrupteur SW 1 one end connects described reference current, the other end connects second switch SW2 in parallel, the 3rd switch 3013 and the first ground capacity 302, ground connection after sample rate current described in the other end of described second switch SW2, the other end of described the 3rd interrupteur SW 3 connects ground connection after described reference current, described second switch SW2 is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level, described the 3rd interrupteur SW 3 is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is low level, the time of described the first interrupteur SW 1 closure is the time of second switch SW2 and the 3rd interrupteur SW 3 closures.
Referring to Fig. 3, the output of described current control loop also connects the first resistance R of a ground connection
lD.The equivalent load of output during this resistance representative charging
The output of described current control loop also connects one second resistance R
s1, described the second resistance R
s1one second ground capacity C also connects
l1.This resistance capacitance represents the equivalent electric circuit of output electrochemical capacitor
Referring to Fig. 6, the present invention also provides a kind of constant current-constant voltage mode changeable charging circuit, and constant current mode charging circuit and constant voltage mode charging circuit 601, also comprise:
Mode selection circuit 602, receive respectively the output voltage signal of the first operational amplifier of described constant current mode charging circuit and the output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier of described constant voltage mode charging circuit 601, for selecting to be operated in constant current mode or the mode selection circuit of constant voltage mode
Described single order constant current mode charging circuit comprises:
Current integration comparator, carries out periodic samples to the electric current of energy storage inductor output, sample rate current and reference current is compared, and obtain both differences.The first ground capacity, connects the output of described current integration comparator, for the difference of described sample rate current and reference current is become to error voltage by capacitance integral.
Described current integration comparator and described the first ground capacity form current integrator, for described constant current mode charging circuit provides gain and a limit, even if whole constant-current charging circuit 3 becomes single order degeneration factor.
The first operational amplifier, positive input terminal connects respectively described current integration comparator and the first ground capacity, and output connects its negative input end.The gain that is connected to become of this first operational amplifier is 1 buffer (buffer), for improving the fan-out capability of current integration comparator, and isolation current integration comparator and current control loop, reduce mutual interference.
Current control loop, connects the output of described mode selection circuit 602 and the electric current of energy storage inductor that described current control loop is comprised sends to described current integration comparator.
Referring to Fig. 7, described mode selection circuit 602 comprises two switched field effect pipes, the grid of described the first switched field effect pipe 6021 connects the output voltage signal of the first operational amplifier of constant current mode charging circuit, the grid of described second switch field effect transistor 6022 connects the output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier of constant voltage mode charging circuit, the source electrode of described the first switched field effect pipe 6021 and described second switch field effect transistor 6022 is all connected described reference current and output signal V, the drain electrode of described the first switched field effect pipe 6021 and described second switch field effect transistor 6022 is ground connection respectively.
Described mode selection circuit 602 connects respectively the output voltage signal (CV_EA) of the output voltage signal (CC_EA) of the first operational amplifier that is described constant current mode charging circuit and the second operational amplifier of described constant voltage mode charging circuit 601.And the gain of the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier is all more than 1000 times conventionally, so as sample rate current I
l_sbe less than reference current I
refthe output voltage signal of the first operational amplifier of Shi Suoshu constant current mode charging circuit equals supply voltage V
dD, described constant current mode charging circuit is disconnected; Output voltage V when charging circuit
outbe less than reference voltage V
refthe output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier of Shi Suoshu constant voltage mode charging circuit 601 also equals supply voltage V
dD, described constant voltage mode charging circuit 601 is disconnected.According to the characteristic of battery charging, the state of its meeting in table one.
Table one
Because two loops of constant current mode charging circuit/constant voltage mode charging circuit can be designed to stable system, so critical condition of switching at constant current mode charging circuit/constant voltage mode charging circuit, although two loops are worked simultaneously, the stack of two systems stabilisations remains systems stabilisation.
Further, in constant voltage mode charging circuit of the present invention, the output of the second operational amplifier also connects the 3rd resistance of a ground connection;
In described constant voltage mode charging circuit, the output of the second operational amplifier also connects one the 4th resistance, described the 4th resistance one the 3rd ground capacity of also connecting.These are loop compensation circuits of constant voltage charging circuit.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a single order constant current mode charging circuit, is characterized in that, comprising:
Current integration comparator, carries out periodic samples to the electric current of energy storage inductor output, sample rate current and reference current is compared, and obtain both differences;
The first ground capacity, connects the output of described current integration comparator, for the difference of described sample rate current and reference current is become to the error voltage of amplification by capacitance integral;
Described current integration comparator and described the first ground capacity form current integrator, for described constant current mode charging circuit provides gain and a limit;
The first operational amplifier, positive input terminal connects respectively described current integration comparator and the first ground capacity, and output connects its negative input end;
Current control loop, receives the output signal of described the first operational amplifier and the electric current of energy storage inductor that described current control loop is comprised sends to described current integration comparator.
2. single order constant current mode charging circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described current integration comparator comprises: the first switch, second switch, the 3rd switch, described first switch one end connects described reference current, the other end connects second switch in parallel, the 3rd switch and the first ground capacity, ground connection after sample rate current described in the other end of described second switch, the other end of described the 3rd switch connects ground connection after described reference current, described second switch is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level, described the 3rd switch is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is low level, the time of described the first switch closure is the time of second switch and the 3rd switch closure.
3. constant current mode charging circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the output of described current control loop also connects the first resistance R of a ground connection
lD, described the first resistance R
lDthe load of output during representative charging.
4. constant current mode charging circuit according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the output of described current control loop also connects one second resistance R
s1, described the second resistance R
s1one second ground capacity C also connects
l1, the second resistance R of described series connection
s1with the second ground capacity C
l1represent the electrochemical capacitor equivalent electric circuit of output practical application.
5. the changeable charging circuit of constant current-constant voltage mode, constant current mode charging circuit and constant voltage mode charging circuit, is characterized in that, also comprises:
Mode selection circuit, receive respectively the output voltage signal of the first operational amplifier of described constant current mode charging circuit and the output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier of described constant voltage mode charging circuit, for selecting to be operated in constant current mode or the mode selection circuit of constant voltage mode
Described constant current mode charging circuit comprises:
Current integration comparator, carries out periodic samples to the electric current of energy storage inductor output, sample rate current and reference current is compared, and obtain both differences;
The first ground capacity, connects the output of described current integration comparator, for the difference of described sample rate current and reference current is become to the error voltage of amplification by capacitance integral;
Described current integration comparator and described the first ground capacity form current integrator, for described constant current mode charging circuit provides gain and a limit;
The first operational amplifier, positive input terminal connects respectively described current integration comparator and the first ground capacity, and output connects its negative input end;
Current control loop, receives the output signal of described the first operational amplifier and the electric current of energy storage inductor that described current control loop is comprised sends to described current integration comparator.
6. the changeable charging circuit of constant current-constant voltage mode according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described current integration comparator comprises: the first switch, second switch, the 3rd switch, described first switch one end connects described reference current, the other end connects second switch in parallel, the 3rd switch and the first ground capacity, ground connection after sample rate current described in the other end of described second switch, the other end of described the 3rd switch connects ground connection after described reference current, described second switch is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is high level, described the 3rd switch is closed when the control signal of described current integration comparator is low level, the time of described the first switch closure is the time of second switch and the 3rd switch closure.
7. the changeable charging circuit of constant current-constant voltage mode according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the output of described current control loop also connects the first resistance R of a ground connection
lD, described the first resistance R
lDthe load of output during representative charging.
8. the changeable charging circuit of constant current-constant voltage mode according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the output of described current control loop also connects one second resistance R
s1, described the second resistance R
s1one second ground capacity C also connects
l1, the second resistance R of described series connection
s1with the second ground capacity C
l1represent the electrochemical capacitor equivalent electric circuit of output practical application.
9. according to the changeable charging circuit of the constant current-constant voltage mode described in claim 7 or 3, it is characterized in that, described mode selection circuit comprises two switched field effect pipes, the grid of described the first switched field effect pipe connects the output voltage signal of the first operational amplifier of constant current mode charging circuit, the grid of described second switch field effect transistor connects the output voltage signal of the second operational amplifier of constant voltage mode charging circuit, the source electrode of described the first switched field effect pipe and described second switch field effect transistor is all connected described reference current and output signal V, the drain electrode of described the first switched field effect pipe and described second switch field effect transistor is ground connection respectively.
10. the changeable charging circuit of constant current-constant voltage mode according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described constant voltage mode charging circuit, the output of the second operational amplifier also connects the 3rd resistance of a ground connection;
In described constant voltage mode charging circuit, the output of the second operational amplifier also connects one the 4th resistance, described the 4th resistance one the 3rd ground capacity of also connecting, described the 3rd resistance, the 4th resistance and the 3rd ground capacity are the loop compensation networks of constant voltage charge circuit.
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