Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned shortcoming, develop the method that the whole reclaimings of a kind of municipal refuse utilize, it is mainly the problem of garbage harmless and garbage as resource that solved completely by methods such as physics fragmentation, biodegradation, macromolecule catalytic pyrolysis, high molecular polymerizations, it is the current most economical waste disposal method of environmental protection in the world, also be the waste disposal method that meets China's actual conditions most, for realizing the object of foregoing invention, the present invention solves by the following technical solutions:
The method that domestic waste is all recycled, comprises the steps:
(1), refuse classification, adopt machinery or manual sort to become with the categorized consumer waste by collecting of concentration equipment classification: Harmful Waste, the rubbish that can directly recycle and the rubbish of not directly recycling, the rubbish of wherein not directly recycling is to sub-elect remaining rubbish after Harmful Waste and the rubbish that can directly recycle;
(2), the stabilisation of rubbish, the organic waste sub-electing is carried out to anaerobic fermentation, obtain residue material;
(3), catalytic pyrolysis, the macromolecular material sub-electing, residue material are carried out to catalytic cracking reaction, obtain high activity material.
Preferably, described refuse classification step comprises:
One-level sorting, Bulky Waste in selection rubbish, Bulky Waste is carried out to coarse crushing and abrasive dust, again through concentration equipment Jiang Fei ?metallic magnetic select, remaining powder is transported to catalytic pyrolysis workshop, useless Summoning is concentrated and is transported to metal clearing and drying device, and other rubbish is defeated to be torn equably, fragmentation, then by belt conveyor, is transported to secondary sorting operation;
Secondary sorting, by intensity magnetic separator, corona separator, high wind separator, in strong minute winnowing machine, apoplexy winnowing machine carry out sorting, choose respectively Harmful Waste, old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber and waste plastics in rubbish simultaneously.
Preferably, also comprise screening processing, the rubbish sieve that can directly recycle after sorting is divided into and is greater than 60mm and is less than 60mm two classes, particle diameter is less than the rubbish of 60mm after magnetic separation, by conveyer belt, it is directly sent to anaerobic fermentation workshop, enters after pretreatment the stabilization step of rubbish.
Preferably, before the stabilisation of described rubbish, the organic waste sub-electing is diluted, mixed and heats.
Preferably, during the stabilisation of described rubbish, the organic waste sub-electing is stirred.
Preferably, the gas that described anaerobic fermentation produces is processed through condensation and desulfurization.
Preferably, fail anaerobic fermentation completely described organic waste carry out aerobic fermentation, obtain completely stable residue material.
Preferably, described catalytic pyrolysis step comprises:
After the macromolecular material sub-electing, residue material mix, by pipeline, be transported to one-level cat-cracker, obtain primary activity material;
Primary activity material and secondary cracking auxiliary agent, after metering, are transported to secondary cat-cracker by pipeline, carry out secondary catalytic cracking reaction, obtain high activity material;
To in high activity material conveyer belt odor removal, carry out deodorizing cooling processing.
Preferably, described one-level cat-cracker is rotation drum type catalytic cracker.
Preferably, described secondary cat-cracker is middle temperature pressurization kneading type cat-cracker.
The methods that domestic waste provided by the invention is all recycled are if any following process characteristic:
(1), all reclaiming utilizations of domestic waste (unfiled), accomplished innoxious, recycling treatment completely.Do not exist waste incineration method and garbage loading embeading method to take for a long time the shortcoming with contaminated land resource.
(2), rubbish is processing overall process all in seal cavity, accomplished production process three-waste free discharge, without waste water, waste residue, toxic emission.Do not exist rubbish diffusate, foul smell etc. in garbage loading embeading method environment to be caused to the shortcoming of severe contamination.
(3), production process, maximum temperature is no more than 180 ℃, without harmful poisonous thing “ bioxin " synthetic.Do not exist and in incineration treatment of garbage, produce the healthy shortcoming of hypertoxic carcinogen " bioxin " contaminated environment injury people.
(4), final product is building materials, generates the shortcoming that does not exist the heavy metal in garbage compost by food chain, people and animals to be worked the mischief without organic fertilizer.
(5), the building material product that generates of this recycling method, environmental protection index (soluble heavy metal content, volatile matter etc.) all reaches relevant national standard requirement.Produce market capacity is huge, does not exist because product gets nowhere, and old rubbish is transformed into the predicament of new rubbish.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with by embodiment, the present invention being set forth, yet protection scope of the present invention is not only confined to following examples.Person of an ordinary skill in the technical field, according to content disclosed by the invention, all can realize object of the present invention.
The method that domestic waste is all recycled, comprising:
First, is mainly the problem that solves refuse classification, adopts the categorized consumer waste by collecting of machinery (or artificial) classification and concentration equipment classification to become: Harmful Waste, the rubbish that can directly recycle, the rubbish of recycling not directly.Wherein Harmful Waste mainly comprise the refuses such as dry cell, fluorescent lamp, clinical thermometer; The rubbish that can directly recycle refers to old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber, waste plastics; The rubbish of not directly recycling refers to remaining rubbish after the rubbish that sub-elects Harmful Waste and can directly recycle.The rubbish of not directly recycling enters down one technique and carries out stabilisation.
Second portion, the problem mainly solving is the stabilisation of rubbish.The rubbish of not directly recycling is carried out to anaerobic fermentation, and the biogas of its generation is used for generating, heating.Fail anaerobic fermentation completely rubbish carry out further aerobic fermentation, the residue material after complete stability enters next road catalytic pyrolysis production process after sterilization and drying.
Third part, the problem mainly solving is that rubbish material (comprising fermentation residue) is carried out to catalytic pyrolysis with good conditionsi, makes active material.This active material is produced various building material products after can adding various auxiliary materials.
Each several part concrete technology is as follows:
First, refuse classification classification:
Rubbish is transported to treatment plant and after weighing, pours underground rewinding storehouse into, and rewinding storage capacity is designed to 30 days above treating capacities for the treatment of plant.Then with loading machine, rubbish is slide tackled in conveyer belt charging gear, by conveyer belt charging gear, rubbish is delivered to pretreatment process equably.Rubbish on conveyer belt is during by separation operation platform, and the selection workman of conveyer belt both sides, according to doing division of labor and lines of specialities's requirement, chooses respectively the Bulky Waste (comprising large part building waste) in rubbish, and other rubbish continues transported to bag-breaking device system.Bulky Waste is transported to coarse crushing device and reducing mechanism enters coarse crushing and abrasive dust, then through concentration equipment Jiang Fei ?metallic magnetic select, remaining powder (referred to as L1 material) is transported to catalytic pyrolysis workshop.Useless Summoning is concentrated and is transported to metal clearing and drying device.
After bag-breaking device is processed, bagged garbage is torn equably, fragmentation, then by belt conveyor, is transported to secondary sorting operation.
Secondary sorting is rubbish to be carried out to the critical process of category sorting recovery.Rubbish on conveyer belt by intensity magnetic separator, corona separator, high wind separator, in strong minute winnowing machine, apoplexy winnowing machine,, during separation operation platform, the selection of conveyer belt both sides is according to doing division of labor and lines of specialities's requirement, choose respectively Harmful Waste, old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber and waste plastics in rubbish, be placed in the classification funnel on operator side.The bottom of classification funnel communicates with corresponding rubbish canister, and the material being chosen falls in corresponding rubbish canister by funnel, in official hour, by special-purpose transport vehicle, is transported to appointed place, enters down treatment process one.
It is mainly, by rotary screen, the rubbish after broken bag and the artificial selection of secondary is sieved to processing that screening is processed.In addition, consider the actual conditions of China's rubbish, in rotary screen, can add broken bag design for the second time, to guarantee that all rubbish all can pass through mechanical grading.According to the difference of particle diameter, one-level rotary screen can be divided into rubbish sieve and is greater than 60mm and is less than 60mm two classes.Particle diameter is less than the rubbish of 60mm after magnetic separation, by conveyer belt, it is directly sent to anaerobic fermentation workshop, enters after pretreatment fermentation system.
The rubbish that particle diameter after magnetic separation is greater than 60mm carries out artificial separation again, further to reclaim the material that wherein can directly recycle.When the rubbish on conveyer belt passes through separation operation platform, Harmful Waste, old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber and waste plastics in workman's sort out rubbish on conveyer belt both sides.Remaining part is delivered directly to crusher in crushing by conveyer belt.Through broken rubbish by tape transport to screening system, then sieve processing.
The waste plastics that artificial separation is gone out or scrap rubber are transported to reducing mechanism and pulverize, and waste Crumb rubber after crushed and powder molding powder reclaim ferrous metal by tape transport to concentration equipment.Powder after magnetic separation (referred to as L1 material) is transported to catalytic pyrolysis workshop.
Nonmetal and the cullet that artificial separation is gone out is transported to clearing and drying device, and after cleaning-drying, packing is sold.Cleaning fluid reclaims output, recycles.The mud obtaining after waste-water recovering treater is processed is delivered directly to anaerobic fermentation workshop.
The waste paper that artificial separation is gone out is delivered directly to waste paper packing apparatus to be sold after packing.
Harmful Waste that artificial separation is gone out are concentrated and are transferred to the company of qualification to process, or are transported in reducing mechanism and pulverize, and then with resin cement concrete material, are transported in mixing apparatus and mix together.Again mixed material is poured in prefabricated resin concrete hollow block into curing molding after sealing.This resin concrete piece can be used as the purposes such as median or retaining wall.
Second portion, the stabilisation of rubbish:
Organic waste (particle diameter is less than 60mm) and mud after first's technique sorting arrive anaerobic fermentation workshop by tape transport.In order to reach design disposal ability, and control the flow of material in fermentation tank and the operation of equipment, need to measure accurately entering the rubbish in anaerobic fermentation workshop.Therefore, on the conveyer belt of continuous mixing pump integrated one can continuous metering device.
For reaching best microbial Degradation Conditions, rubbish, before entering ferment tank, need carry out necessary dilution, mixes and heat in mixing pump.Through mixing pump dilution, mix and heat the material reaching after requirement and be and treat fermentation slurry, by a firm especially piston pump, the homogeneous mixture in mixing pump is injected in fermentation tank.Treat that fermentation slurry is directly transported in completely airtight fermentation tank by pipeline, whole anaerobic fermentation process carries out in same fermentation tank, has avoided organic acid to escape.
In order to treat fermentation materials fast degradation, improve the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation, at sweat, need to stir fermentation materials, allow fermentation materials fully mix the renewal with contact area.Therefore, an effective agitator device is very necessary for this process.
The biogas that anaerobic fermentation process produces is a kind of mist, and main component is CH
4, CO
2, H
2s and steam.Therefore, be protection equipment, facilitate storage and the utilization of biogas and control SO
2the impact of discharge on environment, need carry out purified treatment to biogas, removes H2S and steam wherein.The removal of steam is mainly carried out in condenser, and from the fermentation tank biogas that contains saturation vapour out, when through condenser, wherein contained steam is cooling condenses, and reaches dry object.H
2s mainly removes by box desulphurization plant, and wherein desulfurization be take iron oxide as main active catalytic components, and adds multiple co-catalyst and carrier, removes H at normal temperatures by catalytic action
2s, desulfurization degree can reach more than 90%.
The biogas that sweat produces is stored in the free air chamber (gas dome) of material top in fermentation tank, and each fermentation tank can design the low pressure biogas of the enough volumes of the office of holding.Biological flue gas can be directly incorporated into city gas marketing channel through detecting after collecting.
As after anaerobic fermentation, garbage mixture material cannot complete stability, is appending aerobic fermentation, after fermentate complete stability, by pipeline, flow in moisture breaker, the material after fragmentation completes is homogeneous pasty material, by anticorrosion slush pump, is transported to dewater unit.Every production line is provided with the fermentation slag charge that three special screw rods press slag machine that fermentate is dewatered and obtained after dehydration, is delivered directly to microwave sterilization drying device and processes.Material after microwave sterilization is dried, directly by tape transport to fine powder broken establish in device broken.Fine powder flour equipment is mainly comprised of roller pulverizer and auxiliary equipment, material is after fine powder is broken into powdery, through vibrating screen panel, sieve, particle diameter is greater than the material of 3mm, again be back in fine powder crushing device and pulverize again, particle diameter is less than or equal to the material (being called for short L2 material) of 3mm, is transported to one-level cat-cracker and processes.
Third part, catalytic pyrolysis, produces building materials
In this technique, the principle of catalytic pyrolysis disposal of refuse is: by the macromolecular material in rubbish, comprise rubber, thermoplastic, thermosetting plastics, engineering plastics, synthetic fibers etc. carry out catalytic pyrolysis, the strand of portion's chemical group is interrupted, form activated chemical molecular group, these bioactive molecule groups can be in uniform temperature, under catalyst condition, by crosslinking agent, carry out the reaction of polymerization interlinkage, originally the macro-radical of being partial to linear condition is become to the unit structure of net vertical body structure, simultaneously by the effect of the Van der Waals force between molecule, molecule or molecule granule (being rubbish powder) that other can not be participated in to the reaction of polymerization interlinkage are wrapped in wherein, form a closely stable overall structure.Thermoplastic product, be heated to its softening point temperature when above, under the effect of the Van der Waals force under the kneading of external force and between molecule, it well fuses together with other rubbish powder, when waste plastics component content is enough, after other rubbish powder melting mixing cooled and solidified, the object of on-the-spot tight structure.
Concrete technology flow process is: will carry from refuse classification workshop the L1 material of coming, from fermentation plant carries L2 material, waste Crumb rubber, waste plastics powder, the fermentation plant of coming to carry the not fermentation solid powder of coming to measure by component design, directly drop in mixing apparatus and mix.After mixing, by pipeline, be transported to one-level cat-cracker.
One-level cat-cracker adopts rotation drum type catalytic cracker.After one-level catalytic pyrolysis, obtain primary activity material, and directly by pipeline, be transported in primary activity material storing tank and store for future use.
Temperature pressurization kneading type cat-cracker during secondary cat-cracker adopts, primary activity material and secondary cracking auxiliary agent, after metering, are transported to secondary cat-cracker by pipeline, carry out secondary catalytic cracking reaction.
After secondary catalytic pyrolysis, obtain high activity material.By conveyer belt, directly will in high activity material conveyer belt odor removal, carry out deodorizing cooling processing.
Through going out smelly cooled material, by automatic packing apparatus, weigh and pack, and directly by conveyer belt by packaged high activity mass transport to high activity material storage storage.
This high activity material can reach the object that elasticity requirement, requirement of strength, hardness requirement and color require by adding different auxiliary agents, being made into, and according to the different material performance of object, is produced into the building material product of different purposes.
Above the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, has applied specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; , for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention meanwhile.