CN104128350B - Method for fully recycling municipal solid waste - Google Patents
Method for fully recycling municipal solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN104128350B CN104128350B CN201310158905.7A CN201310158905A CN104128350B CN 104128350 B CN104128350 B CN 104128350B CN 201310158905 A CN201310158905 A CN 201310158905A CN 104128350 B CN104128350 B CN 104128350B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fully recycling municipal solid waste. The method includes steps of garbage classification, garbage stabilization and catalytic cracking. The municipal solid waste is fully recovered and recycled. A harmless and resource-utilization treatment is achieved. Defects of long-period occupying land and polluting land resource in municipal solid waste incineration and landfill are avoided. Discharges of waste water, waste residue and waste gas are avoided. A Defect that landfill leachate and stink in the landfill seriously pollute the environment is avoided. A highest temperature during a production process is not higher than 180 DEG C and the method is free of generation of dioxin. A finished product can be a building product without generation of organic fertilizers. The defect that heavy metal in garbage compost harms human and livestock through food chain is avoided. All the environmental-protection indexes of the building product generated in the method reach requirements in national relative standard. The building product is huge in a market capacity. A problem that the building product is turned into new garbage since the product is lack of outlet is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the treating method of municipal refuse, the side that specifically a kind of domestic waste all recycles
Method.
Background technology
The domestic waste of every country in the world because of differences such as the level of economic development, habits and customs and the levels of consumption,
The very big difference of all many-sided presence such as the constituent of house refuse, form, output characteristic and collection mode, selected place
Reason technology and processing mode are also just different, but are summed up, main three kinds：Incineration treatment method, landfill disposal method and compost
Processing method.
The shortcoming of burning disposal method is：
1, burn away the refuse and can produce secondary environmental hazard, the residue of generation of particularly burning away the refuse needs landfill disposal, long
Phase takies and contaminated land resource；2, garbage incinerating system investment is big, and running cost is high.
The major defect of landfill disposal method：
1, there is serious secondary pollution in refuse landfill；2, there is blast in the biological flue gas that refuse landfill emits
And disaster hidden-trouble；3, refuse landfill takies for a long time and pollutes a large amount of land resources.
The shortcoming of composting treatment method：
1, compost treatment method decrement and innoxious low degree；2, compost treatment method causes secondary pollution to environment；3, economical
Of poor benefits.
Content of the invention
The present invention be directed to disadvantages mentioned above, the method developing a kind of whole recovery and reusing and recycling of municipal refuse, mainly logical
Cross that physics is broken, biodegradable, the method such as macromolecule catalytic pyrolysis, high molecular polymerization completely solves garbage harmless and rubbish
The problem of resource, is the current most economical waste disposal method of environmental protection in the world, is also the rubbish best suiting China's actual conditions
Processing method, for realizing the purpose of foregoing invention, the present invention employs the following technical solutions to solve：
A kind of method that domestic waste all recycles, comprises the steps：
(1) refuse classification, using mechanically or manually adding concentration equipment classification, the categorized consumer waste collected is become：Have
Evil rubbish, the rubbish that can directly recycle and the rubbish not directly recycling, wherein not directly recycle
Rubbish is to sub-elect remaining rubbish after Harmful Waste and the rubbish that can directly recycle；
(2) stabilisation of rubbish, the organic waste sub-electing is carried out anaerobic fermentation, obtains residue material；
(3) catalytic pyrolysis, the macromolecular material sub-electing, residue material is carried out catalytic cracking reaction, obtains high activity thing
Material.
Preferably, described refuse classification step includes：
One-level sorts, the Bulky Waste in selection rubbish, and Bulky Waste is carried out coarse crushing and abrasive dust, then through magnetic separation dress
Put and useless Summoning is magneticly elected, remaining powder carry to catalytic pyrolysis workshop, it is dry that useless Summoning concentration is transported to metal cleaning
Dry device, other rubbish are equably torn, are crushed, and are then transported to two grades of sorting operations by belt conveyor；
Two grades of sortings, by intensity magnetic separator, Corona classifier machine, high wind separator, in by force point winnowing machine, apoplexy winnowing machine enter
Row sorting, the Harmful Waste in selection rubbish, old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber and waste plastics respectively simultaneously.
Preferably, also include screening process, will after sorting the rubbish sieve that not directly recycle be divided into more than 60mm and
Less than 60mm two class, particle diameter is less than the rubbish of 60mm after magnetic separation, is routed directly to anaerobic fermentation workshop by conveyer belt, through pre-
The stabilization step of rubbish is entered after process.
Preferably, before the stabilisation of described rubbish, the organic waste sub-electing is diluted, mixes and heats.
Preferably, during the stabilisation of described rubbish, the organic waste sub-electing is stirred.
Preferably, the gas that described anaerobic fermentation produces is condensed and desulfurization process.
Preferably, completely described organic waste carries out aerobic fermentation to fail anaerobic fermentation, obtains completely stable residue
Material.
Preferably, described catalytic pyrolysis step includes：The macromolecular material sub-electing, residue material pass through pipe after mixing
Road is transported to one stage catalyzing cracker, obtains primary activity material；Primary activity material and two grades of cracking auxiliary agents are through metering
Afterwards, it is pipelined to two grades of cat-crackers, carry out two grades of catalytic cracking reactions, obtain high activity material；Live high
Carry out deodorant cooling treatment in property material conveyer belt odor removal.
Preferably, described one stage catalyzing cracker is rotation drum type catalytic cracker.
Preferably, described two grades of cat-crackers are middle temperature pressurization kneading type cat-cracker.
The method that the domestic waste that the present invention provides all recycles is if any following process characteristic：
(1), domestic waste (unfiled) all recovery and reusing and recycling, have accomplished innoxious, recycling treatment completely.
There is no waste incineration method and the long-term occupancy of Landfill and contaminated land resource.
(2), rubbish is in sealing space in process overall process, has accomplished production process three-waste free discharge, that is, no useless
Water, waste residue, waste gas discharge.Do not have the shortcomings that in Landfill, rubbish diffusate, foul smell etc. cause severe contamination to environment.
(3), production process, maximum temperature is less than 180 DEG C, no harmful poisonous thing " two English " synthesis.There is not rubbish
Produce hypertoxic carcinogen " two English " in burning disposal and pollute the healthy shortcoming of environmental injury people.
(4), final product is building materials, and no organic fertilizer generates, and the heavy metal not existed in garbage compost passes through food
The shortcoming that chain works the mischief to people and animals.
(5), the building material product that this recycling method generates, environmental protection index (soluble heavy metal content, volatile matter etc.) is all
Reach relevant national standard to require.Product market capacity is huge, does not exist because product gets nowhere, old rubbish is transformed into new rubbish
Predicament.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with by embodiment, the present invention is illustrated, but protection scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to
Following examples.Person of an ordinary skill in the technical field, according to present disclosure, all can achieve the mesh of the present invention
's.
A kind of method that domestic waste all recycles, including：
Part I, mainly solves the problems, such as refuse classification, that is, adopt machinery (or artificial) classification and concentration equipment to divide
Class, the categorized consumer waste collected is become：Harmful Waste, the rubbish that can directly recycle, not directly recycle
Rubbish.Wherein Harmful Waste mainly comprise the wastes such as dry cell, fluorescent lamp, clinical thermometer；The rubbish that can directly recycle refers to
Old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber, waste plastics；The rubbish not directly recycling refers to sub-elect Harmful Waste and can
Remaining rubbish after the rubbish directly recycling.The rubbish not directly recycling enters lower one technique to carry out stablizing
Change.
Part II, the problem mainly solving is the stabilisation of rubbish.The rubbish not directly recycling is detested
Aerobe fermentation, the biogas that it produces is used for generating electricity, heats use.Completely rubbish is then further had to fail anaerobic fermentation
Aerobe fermentation, enters next road catalytic pyrolysis production process after the sterilized drying of residue material after complete stability.
Part III, the problem mainly solving is rubbish material (inclusion fermentation residue) to be carried out conditional catalysis split
Solution, makes active material.This active material produces various building material products after can adding various auxiliary materials.
Each several part concrete technology is as follows：
Part I, refuse classification is classified：Rubbish is transported to treatment plant and pours underground receiving warehouse, rewinding capacity after weighing into
Amass and be designed as treatment plant's treating capacity of more than 30 days.Then with loading machine, rubbish is slide tackled in conveyer belt charging gear, by defeated
Send band charging gear that rubbish is uniformly fed into pretreatment process.When the rubbish on conveyer belt passes through separation operation platform, defeated
The selection workman with both sides is sent to require according to making division of labor and lines of specialities, the Bulky Waste in selection rubbish (includes big part and builds rubbish respectively
Rubbish), other rubbish continue transported to bag-breaking device system.Bulky Waste is transported to coarse crushing device and reducing mechanism enters and slightly breaks
Broken and abrasive dust, then through concentration equipment, useless Summoning is magneticly elected, remaining powder (referred to as L1 material) is transported to catalytic pyrolysis
Workshop.Useless Summoning is concentrated and is transported to metal clearing and drying device.
After bag-breaking device is processed, bagged garbage is equably torn, is crushed, and is then transported to by belt conveyor
Two grades of sorting operations.
Two grades of sortings are the critical processes that rubbish is carried out with category sorting recovery.When the rubbish on conveyer belt passes through high intensity magnetic separation
Mechanical, electrical dizzy separator, high wind separator, in by force point winnowing machine, apoplexy winnowing machine, during separation operation platform, conveyer belt both sides
Selection requires according to making division of labor and lines of specialities, respectively the Harmful Waste in selection rubbish, old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber and useless mould
Material, is placed in the classification funnel on operator side.The bottom of classification funnel is communicated with corresponding rubbish canister, is chosen
Material is fallen in corresponding rubbish canister by funnel, within the time of regulation, is conveyed to refer to by special transport vehicle
Determine place, enter lower one treatment process.
Screening process are mainly sieved to the rubbish after broken bag and two grades of artificial selections by rotary screen
Process.Furthermore, it is contemplated that the actual conditions of China's rubbish, second broken bag design can be added in rotary screen, to guarantee to own
Rubbish all can pass through mechanical grading.According to the difference of particle diameter, one-level rotary screen rubbish sieve can be divided into more than 60mm and be less than
60mm two class.Particle diameter is less than the rubbish of 60mm after magnetic separation, is routed directly to anaerobic fermentation workshop by conveyer belt, preprocessed
Enter fermentation system afterwards.
The rubbish that particle diameter after magnetic separation is more than 60mm carries out artificial separation again, wherein can directly be returned with reclaiming further
Receive the material utilizing.When the rubbish on conveyer belt is through separation operation platform, in workman's sort out rubbish on conveyer belt both sides
Harmful Waste, old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber and waste plastics.Remaining part is delivered directly to broken by conveyer belt
Crusher machine.Through broken rubbish by tape transport to screening system, then carry out screening process.
The waste plastics that go out artificial separation or scrap rubber are transported to reducing mechanism and are pulverized, waste Crumb rubber after crushed
With powder molding powder, ferrous metal is reclaimed by tape transport to concentration equipment.Powder (referred to as L1 material) after magnetic separation is transported to
Catalytic pyrolysis workshop.
The nonmetallic and cullet that artificial separation is gone out is transported to clearing and drying device, and after cleaned drying, packaging is sold.
Cleaning fluid reclaims yield, recycles.The mud obtaining after processing through waste-water recovering treater is delivered directly to anaerobic fermentation
Workshop.
The waste paper that artificial separation is gone out is delivered directly to be sold after waste paper packing apparatus is packed.
The Harmful Waste that artificial separation is gone out are concentrated and transfer to qualified company to process, or are transported in reducing mechanism and carry out
Pulverize, be then transported in mixing apparatus together with resin cement concrete material and mixed.Again by mixed material pour into through
In prefabricated resin concrete hollow block, sealing solidify afterwards shaping.This resin concrete block can as median or
The purposes such as retaining wall.
Part II, the stabilisation of rubbish：
Organic waste (particle diameter is less than 60mm) after the sorting of Part I technique and mud are arrived by tape transport
Anaerobic fermentation workshop.In order to reach design treatment ability, and the operation of flow in fermentation tank for the control material and equipment, need
The rubbish entering anaerobic fermentation workshop is accurately measured.Therefore, integrated one on the conveyer belt of continuous mixing pump
Can be with the device of continuous metering.For reaching optimal microbial Degradation Conditions, rubbish, need to be mixed before entering ferment tank
Close in pump and carry out necessary dilution, mixing and heating.Blended pump dilution, the material mixing and heating after reaching requirement are as treated
Fermentation slurry, by a particularly strong piston pump, the homogeneous mixture in mixing pump is injected in fermentation tank.Treat that fermentation slurry is straight
Connect by pipeline in completely airtight fermentation tank, whole anaerobic fermentation process is carried out in same fermentation tank, it is to avoid
The escaping of organic acid.
In order to treat fermentation materials fast degradation, improve the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation, need fermentation materials are entered in sweat
Row stirring, allows fermentation materials fully mix the renewal with contact area.Therefore, an effective agitator device is for this process
For very necessary.
The biogas that anaerobic fermentation process produces is a kind of mixed gas, and main component is CH4、CO2、H2S, Yi Jishui
Vapour.Therefore, it is protection equipment, facilitate the storage of biogas and utilize and control SO2The impact to environment for the discharge, needs opposite
Thing gas carries out purified treatment, removes H therein2S and steam.The removal of steam is mainly carried out within the condenser, from fermentation tank
When through condenser, steam cooling contained therein condenses the biogas containing saturation vapour out, reaches dry mesh
's.H2S is mainly removed by box desulphurization plant, and wherein desulfurization is with iron oxide for main active catalytic components, and adds multiple
Co-catalyst and carrier, remove H by catalytic action at normal temperatures2S, desulfurization degree is up to more than 90%.
The biogas that sweat produces is stored in the free air chamber (gas dome) above material in fermentation tank Nei, each
Fermentation tank can design the low pressure biogas of the enough volumes of receiving office.Biological flue gas can be directly incorporated into city sky through detection after collecting
So gas marketing channel.
As after anaerobic fermentation, garbage mixture material cannot complete stability, then in additional aerobic fermentation, treat that fermentate is complete
After entirely stablizing, flowed in moisture breaker by pipeline, be homogeneous pasty material through the material after the completion of broken, by anti-sapropel
Stock pump is transported to dehydration device.Every production line is provided with three special screw rod pressure slag machines and fermentate is dehydrated through dehydration
The fermentation slag charge obtaining afterwards, is delivered directly to microwave sterilization drying device and is processed.After material is dried through microwave sterilization, directly
Crushed to finely divided setting in device by tape transport.Finely divided powder equipment is mainly made up of roller pulverizer and auxiliary equipment,
Material, after finely divided powdering, sieves through vibrating screen panel, and particle diameter is more than the material of 3mm, is again back in fine powder crushing device
Pulverized again, particle diameter is less than or equal to the material (abbreviation L2 material) of 3mm, be transported to one stage catalyzing cracker and process.
Part III, catalytic pyrolysis, producing the principle that in this technique of building materials, catalytic pyrolysis processes rubbish is：By in rubbish
Macromolecular material, carries out catalytic pyrolysis including rubber, thermoplastic, thermosetting plastics, engineering plastics, synthetic fibers etc., will
The strand of its chemical group interrupts, and forms activated chemical molecular group, these bioactive molecule groups can be in a constant temperature
Under degree, catalysts conditions, polymerization interlinkage reaction is carried out by crosslinking agent, the macro-radical being originally partial to linear condition becomes
Reticulate the unit structure of stereochemical structure, pass through the effect of the Van der Waals force between molecule simultaneously, other can not be participated in polymerization
The molecule of interlinkage reaction or molecule granule (i.e. rubbish powder) wrap up wherein, form a closely stable overall structure.Heat
Thermoplastic plastic product, when being heated to more than its softening point temperature, the Van der Waals force and molecule between under the kneading of external force
Under effect, it can fuse well with other rubbish powder, when waste plastics component content is enough, with other rubbish powder melting
After mixing cooled and solidified, the object of live tight structure.Concrete technology flow process is：The L1 that comes will be conveyed from refuse classification workshop
Material, the L2 material coming from fermentation plant conveying, waste Crumb rubber, waste plastics powder, fermentation plant convey the non-fermentation solid that comes
After powder is measured by component design, direct plunge into mixing in mixing apparatus.It is pipelined to one-level after mixing
Cat-cracker.
One stage catalyzing cracker adopts rotation drum type catalytic cracker.After one stage catalyzing cracking finishes, obtain primary work
Property material, and directly stored for future use in primary activity material storing tank by pipeline.
Two grades of cat-crackers adopt middle temperature pressurization kneading type cat-cracker, primary activity material and two grades of cracking
Auxiliary agent, after metering, is pipelined to two grades of cat-crackers, carries out two grades of catalytic cracking reactions.
After two grades of catalytic pyrolysis finish, obtain high activity material.Directly high activity material conveyer belt is removed by conveyer belt
Carry out deodorant cooling treatment in smelly device.
Through the material after deodorant cooling, weighed and packed by automatic packing apparatus, and directly will be packed by conveyer belt
Good high activity material is transported to high activity material storage storage.This high activity material can be made by adding different auxiliary agents
Become to reach the object that aeroelastic requirements, intensity requirement, hardness requirement and color require, according to the different material performance of object, produce
Become the building material product of different purposes.
Above the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, specific case used herein to the principle of the present invention and
Embodiment is set forth, and the explanation of above example is only intended to help and understands the method for the present invention and its core concept；
Simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the thought of the present invention, all can in specific embodiments and applications
In place of having change, in sum, this specification content should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method that domestic waste all recycles is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
(1) refuse classification, using mechanically or manually adding concentration equipment classification, the categorized consumer waste collected is become：Harmful rubbish
Rubbish, the rubbish that can directly recycle and the rubbish not directly recycling, the rubbish wherein not directly recycling
It is to sub-elect remaining rubbish after Harmful Waste and the rubbish that can directly recycle；The described rubbish bag that can directly recycle
Include old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber and waste plastics；
(2) stabilisation of rubbish, the organic waste sub-electing is carried out anaerobism send out in the described rubbish not directly recycling
Ferment, obtains residue material；
(3) catalytic pyrolysis, will obtain in the macromolecular material sub-electing and step (2) in the described rubbish that can directly recycle
Residue material carry out catalytic cracking reaction, obtain high activity material；Described catalytic cracking reaction includes the catalysis of one-level rotation drum type
Cracking and two grades of middle temperature pressurization kneading type catalytic pyrolysis；Described high activity material is building materials.
2. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 all recycles method it is characterised in that：
Described step (1) includes：
One-level sorts, the Bulky Waste in selection rubbish, and Bulky Waste is carried out coarse crushing and abrasive dust, then will through concentration equipment
Useless Summoning magneticly elects, remaining powder carry to catalytic pyrolysis workshop, and useless Summoning is concentrated and is transported to metal cleaning-drying dress
Put, other rubbish are equably torn, crush, then two grades of sorting operations are transported to by belt conveyor；
Two grades of sortings, are carried out point by intensity magnetic separator, Corona classifier machine, high wind separator, middle high wind separator, apoplexy winnowing machine
Choosing, the Harmful Waste in selection rubbish, old metal, cullet, waste paper, scrap rubber and waste plastics respectively simultaneously.
3. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 all recycles method it is characterised in that：
Also include screening process, rubbish sieve after broken bag and two grades of artificial selections for the step (1) is divided into more than 60mm
With less than 60mm two class, particle diameter is less than the rubbish of 60mm after magnetic separation, is routed directly to anaerobic fermentation workshop, warp by conveyer belt
The stabilization step of rubbish is entered after pretreatment.
4. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 all recycles method it is characterised in that：
Before described step (2), the organic waste sub-electing is diluted, mixes and heats.
5. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 all recycles method it is characterised in that：
During described step (2), the organic waste sub-electing is stirred.
6. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 all recycles method it is characterised in that：
The gas that described anaerobic fermentation produces is condensed and desulfurization process.
7. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 all recycles method it is characterised in that：
Completely described organic waste carries out aerobic fermentation to fail anaerobic fermentation, obtains completely stable residue material.
8. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 all recycles method it is characterised in that：
Described step (3) includes：
The macromolecular material sub-electing, residue material are pipelined to one-level rotation drum type catalytic cracker after mixing,
Carry out one stage catalyzing cracking reaction, obtain primary activity material；
Primary activity material and two grades of cracking auxiliary agents, after metering, are pipelined to two grades of middle temperature pressurization kneading type catalysis
Cracker, carries out two grades of catalytic cracking reactions, obtains high activity material；
Deodorant cooling treatment will be carried out in high activity material conveyer belt odor removal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310158905.7A CN104128350B (en) | 2013-05-02 | 2013-05-02 | Method for fully recycling municipal solid waste |
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| CN201310158905.7A CN104128350B (en) | 2013-05-02 | 2013-05-02 | Method for fully recycling municipal solid waste |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105903743B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2018-09-07 | 龚亚强 | A kind of domestic garbage resource Terminal Treating |
| CN107671104B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2021-03-16 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Garbage sorting and resource utilization method |
| CN108126830B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-09-11 | 芜湖皖江知识产权运营中心有限公司 | Device and method for recovering magnetic metal in garbage |
| CN108927399A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-04 | 重庆暄洁再生资源利用有限公司 | A kind of method of refuse pyrolysis processing |
| CN109590307A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-04-09 | 吴章荣 | A kind of intelligence integrated garbage treatment system |
| CN113501534B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-05-12 | 浙江红狮环保股份有限公司 | Method for recycling sodium sulfate waste salt |
| CN116944194A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-10-27 | 北京扔了么网络科技有限公司 | Garbage recycling treatment method |
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Effective date of registration: 20190102 Address after: 511400 Shigang Foot, Xie Village, Zhongcun Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province Patentee after: GUANGZHOU TOPTHINK SPORTS EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. Address before: 511400 Room 1202, Junjing Road 5, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Cai Chenmin |
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Address after: 511400 Shigang Foot, Xie Village, Zhongcun Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangzhou Tongxin Sports Co.,Ltd. Address before: 511400 Shigang Foot, Xie Village, Zhongcun Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province Patentee before: GUANGZHOU TONGXIN SPORTS EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. |