CN104105846B - 具有接合部的流体机械部件和具有流体机械部件的蒸汽轮机 - Google Patents

具有接合部的流体机械部件和具有流体机械部件的蒸汽轮机 Download PDF

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CN104105846B
CN104105846B CN201280068996.9A CN201280068996A CN104105846B CN 104105846 B CN104105846 B CN 104105846B CN 201280068996 A CN201280068996 A CN 201280068996A CN 104105846 B CN104105846 B CN 104105846B
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fluid machinery
machinery parts
coating
chromium
steam turbine
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CN104105846A (zh
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约尔格·许尔霍夫
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/243—Flange connections; Bolting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F01D25/265—Vertically split casings; Clamping arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/083—Sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/403—Casings; Connections of working fluid especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F05D2230/311—Layer deposition by torch or flame spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F05D2230/313—Layer deposition by physical vapour deposition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F05D2230/314—Layer deposition by chemical vapour deposition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/55—Seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
    • F05D2300/132—Chromium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17—Alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/22—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/22—Pipes composed of a plurality of segments

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Abstract

一种流体机械部件，所述流体机械部件具有至少两个子部件(4，5)，所述子部件通过接合部(3)分开并且在接合部(3)上分别具有密封面(6，7)，其中两个密封面(6，7)中的至少一个凸圆形地构成，使得构成两个密封面(6，7)的线接触，并且其中在密封面(6，7)中的至少一个上具有：具有硬质材料的覆层(9，10)，所述覆层至多为30μm厚并且借助于气相沉积法来施加；或具有含铬的合金的覆层(9，10)，所述覆层至多为30μm厚并且借助于气相沉积法来施加或者至多为300μm厚并且借助于热喷镀法来施加。

Description

具有接合部的流体机械部件和具有流体机械部件的蒸汽轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有接合部的流体机械部件和具有流体机械部件的蒸汽轮机。
背景技术
一种流体机械、例如蒸汽轮机具有壳体，在所述壳体中安装有蒸汽轮机的转子。因此，壳体能够打开，以便例如将转子从壳体中取出，所述壳体具有水平的接合部，使得壳体被分成下部部分和上部部分两部分。为了防止水蒸气在接合部处泄漏而需要的是，在接合部上不仅在下部部分上、而且在上部部分上设有密封面，在所述密封面之间例如引入密封环。通过设有凸缘能够将下部部分和上部部分彼此拧紧并且产生密封面相互间的预先确定的压紧压力。
密封面在蒸汽轮机运行时经受磨损过程，例如侵蚀腐蚀和由于压力梯度和温度梯度产生的负荷。此外，由于在蒸汽轮机运行时的振动现象，能够在下部部分和上部部分之间出现相对运动，由此会在密封面上出现摩擦腐蚀。密封面的磨损和/或腐蚀引起密封性的降低，使得最终会出现水蒸气的泄漏。通常，不仅下部部分、而且上部部分由高合金的从而昂贵的钢制成，以便能承受磨损过程并且以便能实现下部部分的和上部部分的高的强度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种具有彼此线接触的密封面的流体机械部件和一种具有流体机械部件的蒸汽轮机，其能够低成本地制造。
根据本发明的流体机械部件具有至少两个子部件，所述子部件通过接合部分开并且在接合部上分别具有密封面，其中两个密封面中的至少一个凸圆形地构成，使得构成两个密封面的线接触，并且其中在两个密封面中的至少一个上具有：具有硬质材料的覆层，所述覆层至多为30μm厚并且借助于气相沉积法来施加；或者具有含铬的合金的覆层，所述覆层至多30μm厚并且借助于气相沉积法来施加或至多为300μm厚并且借助于热喷镀法来施加。
根据本发明，覆层非多孔地构成。此外，在覆层和子部件之间没有设置附加的润滑膜。
接合部遍布地在流体机械部件的两个子部件接触的位置上构成。这例如能够是在两件式的壳体中的情况，同样能够考虑的是，接合部在导向叶片载体和壳体之间构成。流体机械部件具有化学耐抗的以及抗磨损和/或抗腐蚀的覆层，由此有利的是，不需要整个流体机械部件由化学耐抗的以及抗磨损和/或抗腐蚀的材料制造，由此流体机械部件的制造是低成本的。所选择的覆层方法、相关的覆层材料和所给出的层厚度的组合使得覆层良好地连接于流体机械部件，由此用于彼此线接触的密封面的覆层具有足够的强度。
优选地，合金具有份额大于10质量百分比、尤其在15质量百分比和25质量百分比之间的铬。此外，优选的是，合金具有镍，尤其是75质量百分比至85质量百分比的镍。
要借助于热喷镀法施加的覆层优选地具有由附加硬质材料制成的颗粒。由此，覆层的抗摩擦磨损的耐抗性有利地提高。颗粒优选为陶瓷颗粒。附加硬质颗粒优选具有碳化物，尤其是碳化钨、碳化钛和/或碳化铬。附加硬质材料在覆层中优选具有为70质量百分比至80质量百分比的质量份额。热喷镀法优选为高速火焰喷镀、冷气体喷镀或***喷镀。
硬质材料优选具有氮化物，尤其是氮化铬、氮化钛、氮化钛铝，或者硼化物，尤其是硼化钛。气相沉积法优选是选自PVD(物理气相沉积，英语为physical vapour deposition)或CVD(化学气相沉积，英语为chemical vapour deposition)的方法。气相沉积法尤其适合于小的流体机械部件。
根据本发明的蒸汽轮机具有分开的蒸汽轮机壳体，所述蒸汽轮机壳体是流体机械部件。蒸汽轮机壳体在其接合部上具有带有覆层的密封面，由此密封面是化学耐抗的并且是抗摩擦磨损的。通过设有覆层，有利的是，不需要整个蒸汽轮机壳体由高合金的并且昂贵的材料制成。
附图说明
在下文中借助于所附的示意图来阐述根据本发明的流体机械部件的一个优选的实施方式。附图示出：
图1示出贯穿具有接合部和接合部的细节图II的流体机械的壳体的横截面；以及
图2示出图1中的细节图II。
具体实施方式
如从图1中可见的那样，作为流体机械的蒸汽轮机1具有作为流体机械部件的壳体2。流体11、尤其是水蒸气能够在壳体2之内流动。壳体2具有水平设置的接合部3，所述接合部将壳体2分成第一子部件4和第二子部件5。在接合部3上，第一子部件4具有第一密封面6并且第二子部件5具有第二密封面7。两个密封面6、7凸状地成形，使得密封面6、7是凸圆形的。在壳体2的组装状态下，密封面6、7在其彼此贴靠的部位上构成接触线8。通过构成接触线8，阻止流体11从壳体2流出。
密封面6、7能够在蒸汽轮机1中承受侵蚀腐蚀。如果在蒸汽轮机1运行时出现振动，那么密封面6、7能够相对于彼此运动，由此在密封面6、7上能够出现磨蚀和/或摩擦腐蚀。两种腐蚀类型引起密封面6、7的磨损，使得会出现流体11从壳体2中流出。
在图2中示出，在第一密封面6上施加第一覆层9并且在第二密封面7上施加第二覆层10。在覆层9、10为热喷镀层的情况下，覆层9、10至多为300μm厚。在覆层9、10借助于气相沉积法来施加的情况下，覆层9、10至多为30μm厚。
例如，覆层9、10能够为200μm厚并且由80质量百分比的镍和20质量百分比的铬构成的合金制成。那么，覆层9、10借助于冷气体喷镀施加到密封面6、7上。
替选地，覆层9、10能够为250μm厚并且由合金构成的基质制成，所述合金具有15质量百分比的铬和85质量百分比的镍。将由碳化铬构成的颗粒引入到基质中，其中颗粒在此占覆层9、10的75质量百分比的份额。覆层9、10借助于高速火焰喷镀施加到密封面6、7上。
在另一个示例性的实施方式中，覆层9、10为20μm厚并且由氮化铬制成。覆层9、10在此借助于物理气相沉积法(PVD)施加到密封面6、7上。
原则上，能够考虑的是，两个密封面6、7也具有不同类型的覆层或两个密封面6、7中的仅一个被覆层。第一密封面6例如具有30μm厚的由硼化钛构成的覆层9，所述覆层借助于化学气相沉积法来施加。第二密封面7例如具有100μm厚的由85质量百分比的镍和15质量百分比的铬组成的合金构成的层，所述层借助于***喷镀来施加。
不同于图1和2中的实施方式，例如当第一密封面平坦地构成并且第二密封面凸圆形地构成时，同样能够构成接触线。此外，能够考虑的是，两个密封面都平坦地构成并且在密封面之间设置有密封环，使得在密封面和密封环之间分别构成接触线。
虽然本发明的细节已经通过优选的实施例详细地阐述和描述，但本发明不局限于所公开的示例并且其他的变型形式能够由本领域技术人员从中推导出，而不脱离本发明的保护范围。

Claims (17)

1.一种流体机械部件，具有至少两个子部件(4，5)，所述子部件通过接合部(3)分开并且在所述接合部(3)上分别具有密封面(6，7)，
其中两个所述密封面(6，7)中的至少一个凸圆形地构成，使得构成两个所述密封面(6，7)的线接触，并且
其中在所述密封面(6，7)中的至少一个上具有：具有硬质材料的覆层(9，10)，所述覆层至多30μm厚并且借助于气相沉积法来施加；或者具有含铬的合金的覆层(9，10)，所述覆层至多30μm厚并且借助于气相沉积法来施加或至多300μm厚并且借助于热喷镀法来施加，
其中所述覆层非多孔地构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的流体机械部件，
在所述覆层和所述子部件(4，5)之间不具有附加的润滑膜。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述合金具有份额大于10质量百分比的铬。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述合金具有镍。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体机械部件，
其中借助于热喷镀法施加的所述覆层(9，10)具有由附加硬质材料构成的颗粒。
6.根据权利要求5所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述颗粒是陶瓷颗粒。
7.根据权利要求5所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述附加硬质材料具有碳化物。
8.根据权利要求5所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述附加硬质材料具有占所述覆层(9，10)70质量百分比至80质量百分比的质量份额。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述热喷镀法是高速火焰喷镀、冷气体喷镀或***喷镀。
10.根据权利要求1所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述硬质材料具有氮化物或者是硼化物。
11.根据权利要求1或10所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述气相沉积法是选自物理气相沉积或化学气相沉积的方法。
12.根据权利要求3所述的流体机械部件，
其中铬的份额在15质量百分比和25质量百分比之间。
13.根据权利要求4所述的流体机械部件，
其中镍的质量百分比为75质量百分比至85质量百分比。
14.根据权利要求7所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述碳化物是碳化钨、碳化钛和/或碳化铬。
15.根据权利要求10所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述氮化物是氮化铬、氮化钛或者氮化钛铝。
16.根据权利要求10所述的流体机械部件，
其中所述硼化物是硼化钛。
17.一种蒸汽轮机，所述蒸汽轮机具有分开的蒸汽轮机壳体，所述蒸汽轮机壳体是根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的流体机械部件(1)。
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