CN104100252A - Horizontal well multistage hydraulic fracturing physical simulation method - Google Patents
Horizontal well multistage hydraulic fracturing physical simulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104100252A CN104100252A CN201410351879.4A CN201410351879A CN104100252A CN 104100252 A CN104100252 A CN 104100252A CN 201410351879 A CN201410351879 A CN 201410351879A CN 104100252 A CN104100252 A CN 104100252A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas reservoir development technology research and particularly relates to a horizontal well multistage hydraulic fracturing physical simulation method. The method includes the step of placing a core sample on a test frame of an actual three axle hydraulic fracturing system and includes (1), arranging at least two flexible pipelines into the core sample in a horizontal well segmenting manner; 2, performing hydraulic fracturing on the core sample through the flexible pipelines, and performing at least twice horizontal well multistage hydraulic fracturing simulation respectively on each flexible pipeline. The flexible pipeline is solidified inside the core sample, and the core sample is in a cube structure. The method can be applied in a laboratory, is simple and convenient to operate and has high accuracy and reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Reservoir Development technical research field, be specifically related to a kind of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method.
Background technology
The unconventional oil-gas reservoirs such as China's shale oil gas, coal bed gas, fine and close oil gas are widely distributed, and prospective reserves is huge, and this type of oil-gas reservoir of Efficient Development is the long-term focus of paying close attention to of petroleum industry.Unconventional oil-gas reservoir has the feature of low porosity and low permeability, and this type of unconventional oil-gas reservoir of Efficient Development needs large-scale fracturing operation, is intended to reservoir and forms and have many of high flow conductivity even map crackings, thereby improve oil-gas migration condition.
Multi-stage water power pressure break is a kind of pressure break completion mode being usually used in horizontal well, and it can form many hydraulic fractures by the diverse location in same reservoir, can increase unconventional oil/gas drainage volume and the resistance that reduces oil-gas migration.China is when the reference U.S. successfully develops shale gas experience, just in the relevant research of the unconventional oil-gas reservoir volume fracturing of Efforts To Develop.Multi-stage water power pressure break is one of technology of volume fracturing transformation reservoir, by its pressure break mode, divides, and it often comprises individual well order pressure break and the staggered pressure break of individual well, and the synchronous pressure break of many wells.These multi-stage water power fracturing technologies are China's Sichuan Basin Longma small stream group shale, ground, east, long celebrating Gansu Province, the oil field head of district 7
2the reservoirs such as tight sand are existing to be widely applied.
Exchanging information between the stress interference between multi-stage water power crack and a plurality of crack is related to oil field fracturing and is constructed into the efficient of power and hydraulic fracture, directly has influence on follow-up oil-gas reservoir exploitation rate and economic benefit.At present, the mechanical mechanism of multiple cracking interphase interaction is actively being sought to characterize by scientific research institutions both at home and abroad, but a lot of report departs from reality, little to field operation directive significance.And, mainly still by numerical model, carry out computational analysis at present, cannot disturb by laboratory test proof stress, observe the reasonably optimizing of fracture initiation and expanded configuration and sublevel interval etc.; Some directly carries out in-site modeling, and accuracy is relatively high, but complicated operation, demand equipment is more, goes to scene to simulate, and also has certain danger.
Application number is the Chinese invention patent of 201310042992.X, a kind of fracturing infrasound analogy method and fracturing fracture detection technique evaluation method are disclosed, this analogy method is at least used 2 acoustic emission apparatus to be lowered in the well of known spatial locations, ground is controlled the running parameter of acoustic emission apparatus and is simulated the infrasound feature that in fracturing process, rock rupture produces, and determines and record locus, time of origin, genetic sequence and other parameter of the acoustic emission apparatus of launching.The method need arrive scene and operate, its complicated operation, and danger is higher.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, inventor, by means of being engaged in experience and the practice of relevant industries for many years, on the basis of true three axle fracturing equipment, having invented a kind of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method, and has succeeded.The method can be carried out in laboratory, and it is simple, convenient, and accuracy and reliability are higher, for on-the-spot multi-stage water power pressure break test provides basic data and theoretical reference, also for characterizing the mechanical mechanism of multiple cracking interphase interaction, lays the foundation.
A horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method, comprises core sample is placed in to the step on the test stand of true three axle fracturing system and devices, also comprises the steps:
(1) flexible pipe line is arranged in to described core sample inside; Described arrangement is that horizontal well in segments is arranged, at least two of described flexible pipe lines;
(2) described core sample is implemented to fracturing by described flexible pipe line, carry out Simulated Water horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break;
Described enforcement fracturing simulated test at least implements twice, and every flexible pipe line applies respectively fracturing simulated test one time; It is inner that described flexible pipe line is set in described core sample; Described core sample is cube structure.
Preferably, the hydraulic rupture pressure of described core sample size is 30-40MPa to such scheme, and the duration is 20-40 minute.
Above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, when described core sample is implemented fracturing, the confined pressure value being applied on six faces of described core sample is divided into three groups, and two opposite faces are one group, the pressure equal and opposite in direction of the fracturing of two faces in every group, the pressure size of every group of fracturing is σ
1=1-25MPa, σ
2=1-25MPa, σ
3=1-25MPa, for the geostatic stress of three directions of simulate formation; Wherein, σ
1, σ
2for the orthogonal flatly stress of simulation, σ
3for simulation vertically to geostatic stress.Be, vertically to two opposite faces respectively applied pressure sizes be σ
3, two opposite faces of one group of horizontal direction respectively applied pressure size are σ
1, two opposite faces of another group horizontal direction respectively applied pressure size are σ
2.
Preferably, described flexible pipe line is connected with the hydraulic line of the injection pump of described true three axle fracturing system and devices above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.One end of described flexible pipe line connects sealed interface, and described sealed interface outside is connecting fluid pressure pipeline directly.Implement after pressure break, described hydraulic line connects next root flexible pipe line more successively.
Preferably, described flexible pipe line bundles above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.The binding of flexible pipe line can prevent that pipeline from departing from predetermined location, guarantees that perforation position is perpendicular to stress minimally; The material of binding can also improve sealing effectiveness.
Preferably, described horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break simulation comprises the simulation of individual well order pressure break, the staggered pressure break simulation of individual well and the synchronous pressure break simulation of many wells to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, described individual well order pressure break simulation refers to simulates the experiment of successively sequentially carrying out fracturing from shaft bottom to well head to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, the staggered pressure break simulation of described individual well refers to that simulation carries out the experiment of fracturing from shaft bottom to well head interleaved order to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, the synchronous pressure break of described many wells refers to that at least two mouthfuls of water horizontal wells of simulation carry out the experiment of fracturing to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, the fracturing fluid of described fracturing is the slippery water fracturing fluid that is added with tracer to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, described tracer is fluorescent material to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, described core sample is natural outcrop sample to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, is holed on described natural outcrop sample, and flexible pipe line is put into design attitude in advance, then with the well cementation of intensity glue.
Preferably, described core sample is that artificial cement is built sample to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, described artificial cement is built sample while building to such scheme, directly to cement, builds in sample flexible pipe line is pre-buried.
Flexible pipe line is set in core sample inside, and to be equivalent to every flexible pipe line be all independent separately can implement respectively pressure break at each root flexible pipe line, simulated field inject bridging plug separate before and after section, carry out staged fracturing construction.
Above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, build sample and comprise cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster by described artificial cement, and the volume ratio of described cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster is 4-5:4-5:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2.
Above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, build sample and also comprise oatmeal, shredded paper and water by described artificial cement, and the mass percent that described oatmeal, shredded paper and water account for artificial core sample is respectively 0.1 ~ 0.2 %, 0.05 ~ 0.1 %, 18 ~ 20%.
Preferably, the preparation method that described artificial cement is built sample comprises the following steps above-mentioned arbitrary scheme:
A, cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster are carried out to mix and blend;
B, in the mixture in steps A, add a small amount of oatmeal, a scrap of paper, then add water uniform stirring;
C, the demixing in step B is cast into cement block, is coated with between layers one deck lubrication oil, after cement block drying and moulding, can obtain artificial cement and build sample.
Preferably, described cement is Composite portland cement to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, described quartz sand size is 80 ~ 120 orders to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, described clay mineral component comprises montmorillonite and illite to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, described land plaster is the land plaster that white clouds matter grinding tool is used to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, described oatmeal is edible oatmeal to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, and diameter is 5-8mm.
Preferably, described a scrap of paper is long 10-20mm to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, the A4 printing paper of wide 5-10mm.
Preferably, described lubrication oil is grey shell lubrication oil to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, in steps A, described stirring is to stir 10-15 minute with quartz sand mixer to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme.
Preferably, in step C, described being dried is that nature dries to above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, duration 10-15 days.
The true three axle fracturing system and devices of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method utilization in the present invention, it can load the geostatic stress of three directions, conforms to ply stress feature truly; The present invention can realize segmenting perforating pressure break laboratory test on horizontal well, segmenting perforating on the horizontal wellbore at simulation oil field scene, the stress of two sections of pressure breaks of research disturbs, judge that the last period, pressure break finished, before rear one section of enforcement pressure break, whether circumocular three the direction stress of Perforation change, by tracer distribution observation of characteristics fracture propagation form; The present invention, according to the mechanism of action of stress field between hydraulic fracture, can also optimize the sublevel interval of Oil Field horizontal wellbore pressure break; Utilize physical simulating method of the present invention can also study hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture the mechanism of interaction effect, judgement is applicable to critical operational discharge capacity and the fracturing fluid viscosity of extensive seam net pressure break.
Utilize physical simulating method of the present invention, the sublevel interval in can Optimizing construction on-the-spot FRACTURING DESIGN, rationally adjusts operational discharge capacity, preferred fracturing fluid material and function, prediction fracture pressure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Oil Field individual well order pressure break schematic diagram according to horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the individual well order pressure break experimental simulation figure according to horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 3 is according to the staggered pressure break schematic diagram of the Oil Field individual well of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 4 is according to the staggered pressure break experimental simulation figure of the individual well of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 5 is according to the synchronous pressure break schematic diagram of the many wells of Oil Field of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 6 is according to the synchronous pressure break experimental simulation of the many wells figure of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 7 is the true three axle fracturing system and device diagrams according to horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 8 is for to build sample mold graphoid according to the artificial cement of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 9 is for to build sample pictorial diagram according to the artificial cement of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Figure 10 is for to build sample first order major fracture face according to the artificial cement of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Figure 11 is for building sample second level major fracture face and secondary crack diagram according to the artificial cement of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Figure 12 is for to build sample fracture network figure according to the artificial cement of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Figure 13 is for to build sample three-dimensional cracking schematic diagram according to the artificial cement of horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
In figure: 1-horizontal wellbore, 2-hydraulic fracture, 3-flexible pipe line, 4-core sample, 5-major fracture face, 6-level crack, 7-first order major fracture, 8-second level major fracture.
The specific embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail, embodiment only has exemplary effect to the present invention, and does not have any restrictive effect; The insubstantial modifications that any those skilled in the art make on basis of the present invention, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method, comprises core sample 4 is placed in to the step on the test stand of true three axle fracturing system and devices, also comprises the steps:
(1) flexible pipe line 3 is arranged in to described core sample 4 inside; Described arrangement is that horizontal well in segments is arranged, described flexible pipe line 3 is five;
(2) described core sample 4 is implemented to fracturing by described flexible pipe line 3, carry out Simulated Water horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break;
Described enforcement fracturing simulated test is implemented five times, and every flexible pipe line applies respectively fracturing simulated test one time; Described flexible pipe line 3 is set in described core sample 4 inside; Described core sample 4 is cube structure.
In the present embodiment, the hydraulic rupture pressure of described core sample size is 30MPa, and the duration is 20 minutes.
When described core sample 4 is implemented fracturing, the confined pressure value being applied on 4 six faces of described core sample is divided into three groups, and two opposite faces are one group, the pressure equal and opposite in direction of the fracturing of two faces in every group, and, every group of fracturing size is σ
1=1MPa, σ
2=10MPa, σ
3=12MPa, for the geostatic stress of three directions of simulate formation; Wherein, σ
1, σ
2for the orthogonal flatly stress of simulation, σ
3for simulation vertically to geostatic stress.
In the present embodiment, described flexible pipe line 3 is connected with the hydraulic line of the injection pump of described true three axle fracturing system and devices.One end of described flexible pipe line 3 connects sealed interface, and described sealed interface outside is connecting fluid pressure pipeline directly.Implement after pressure break, described hydraulic line connects next root flexible pipe line more successively.
In the present embodiment, described flexible pipe line 3 bundles.The binding of flexible pipe line 3 can prevent that pipeline from departing from predetermined location, guarantees that perforation position is perpendicular to stress minimally; The material of binding can also improve sealing effectiveness.
In the present embodiment, described horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break is modeled as the simulation of individual well order pressure break.
In the present embodiment, described individual well order pressure break simulation refers to simulates the experiment of successively sequentially carrying out fracturing from shaft bottom to well head, and the present embodiment is to carry out pressure break according to a, b, c, d, e order in Fig. 1,2.
In the present embodiment, the fracturing fluid of described fracturing is the slippery water fracturing fluid that is added with tracer, and described tracer is fluorescent material.
In the present embodiment, described core sample 4 is built sample for artificial cement, and described artificial cement is built sample while building, and directly to cement, builds in sample flexible pipe line 3 is pre-buried.
Flexible pipe line 3 is set in core sample 4 inside, and to be equivalent to every flexible pipe line be all independent separately can implement respectively pressure break at each root flexible pipe line, simulated field inject bridging plug separate before and after section, carry out staged fracturing construction.
In the present embodiment, described artificial cement is built sample and is comprised cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster, and the volume ratio of described cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster is 4.5:4.5:1:1.
In the present embodiment, described artificial cement is built sample and is also comprised oatmeal, shredded paper and water, and the mass percent that described oatmeal, shredded paper and water account for artificial core sample is respectively 0.1%, 0.05%, 19%.
In the present embodiment, the preparation method that described artificial cement is built sample comprises the following steps:
A, cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster are carried out to mix and blend;
B, in the mixture in steps A, add a small amount of oatmeal, a scrap of paper, then add water uniform stirring;
C, the demixing in step B is cast into cement block, is coated with between layers one deck lubrication oil, after cement block drying and moulding, can obtain artificial cement and build sample.
In the present embodiment, described cement is Composite portland cement, and described quartz sand size is 80 orders, and described clay mineral component comprises montmorillonite and illite, and described land plaster is the land plaster that white clouds matter grinding tool is used.
In the present embodiment, described oatmeal is edible oatmeal, and diameter is 6mm, and described a scrap of paper is long 10mm, the A4 printing paper of wide 5mm.
In the present embodiment, described lubrication oil is grey shell lubrication oil.
In the present embodiment, in steps A, described stirring is to stir 10 minutes with quartz sand mixer.
In the present embodiment, in step C, described being dried is that nature dries, 15 days duration.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, individual well order pressure break experimental simulation figure as shown in Figure 2 for Oil Field individual well order pressure break schematic diagram.Pressure break order carries out in turn according to a, b, c, d, e in Fig. 1,2.In Fig. 1,1 is horizontal wellbore, 2 is hydraulic fracture, segmenting perforating crushing test in turn on lab simulation Oil Field horizontal wellbore 1, the stress of two sections of pressure breaks of research disturbs, judge that the last period, pressure break finished, before rear one section of enforcement pressure break, whether circumocular three the direction stress of Perforation change, by tracer distribution observation of characteristics fracture propagation form; The present embodiment, according to the mechanism of action of 2 stress fields of hydraulic fracture, can be optimized the sublevel interval of Oil Field horizontal wellbore pressure break; Utilize the physical simulating method of the present embodiment can also study hydraulic fracture 2 and intrinsic fracture the mechanism of interaction effect, judgement is applicable to critical operational discharge capacity and the fracturing fluid viscosity of extensive seam net pressure break.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, this device is the known equipment of prior art to true three axle fracturing system and devices.
Embodiment 2
A horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method, comprises core sample 4 is placed in to the step on the test stand of true three axle fracturing system and devices, also comprises the steps:
(1) flexible pipe line 3 is arranged in to described core sample 4 inside; Described arrangement is that horizontal well in segments is arranged, described flexible pipe line 3 is five;
(2) described core sample 4 is implemented to fracturing by described flexible pipe line 3, carry out Simulated Water horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break;
Described enforcement fracturing simulated test is implemented five times, and every flexible pipe line applies respectively fracturing simulated test one time; Described flexible pipe line 3 is set in described core sample 4 inside; Described core sample 4 is cube structure.
In the present embodiment, the hydraulic rupture pressure of described core sample size is 40MPa, and the duration is 40 minutes.
When described core sample 4 is implemented fracturing, the confined pressure value being applied on six faces of described core sample is divided into three groups, and two opposite faces are one group, the pressure equal and opposite in direction of the fracturing of two faces in every group, and, every group of fracturing size is σ
1=13MPa, σ
2=5MPa, σ
3=25MPa, for the geostatic stress of three directions of simulate formation; Wherein, σ
1, σ
2for the orthogonal flatly stress of simulation, σ
3for simulation vertically to geostatic stress.
In the present embodiment, described flexible pipe line 3 is connected with the hydraulic line of the injection pump of described true three axle fracturing system and devices.One end of described flexible pipe line 3 connects sealed interface, and described sealed interface outside is connecting fluid pressure pipeline directly.Implement after pressure break, described hydraulic line connects next root flexible pipe line more successively.
In the present embodiment, described flexible pipe line 3 bundles.The binding of flexible pipe line 3 can prevent that pipeline from departing from predetermined location, guarantees that perforation position is perpendicular to stress minimally; The material of binding can also improve sealing effectiveness.
In the present embodiment, described horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break is modeled as the staggered pressure break simulation of individual well.
In the present embodiment, the staggered pressure break simulation of described individual well refers to that simulation carries out the experiment of fracturing from shaft bottom to well head interleaved order, and the present embodiment is to carry out pressure break according to a, b, c, d, e interleaved order in Fig. 3,4.
In the present embodiment, the fracturing fluid of described fracturing is the slippery water fracturing fluid that is added with tracer, and described tracer is fluorescent material.
In the present embodiment, described core sample 4 is built sample for artificial cement, and described artificial cement is built sample while building, and directly to cement, builds in sample flexible pipe line 3 is pre-buried.
Flexible pipe line is set in core sample 4 inside, and to be equivalent to every flexible pipe line 3 be all independent separately can implement respectively pressure break at each root flexible pipe line 3, simulated field inject bridging plug separate before and after section, carry out staged fracturing construction.
In the present embodiment, described artificial cement is built sample and is comprised cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster, and the volume ratio of described cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster is 4:4:0.8:0.8.
In the present embodiment, described artificial cement is built sample and is also comprised oatmeal, shredded paper and water, and the mass percent that described oatmeal, shredded paper and water account for artificial core sample is respectively 0.2%, 0.1%, 20%.
In the present embodiment, the preparation method that described artificial cement is built sample comprises the following steps:
A, cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster are carried out to mix and blend;
B, in the mixture in steps A, add a small amount of oatmeal, a scrap of paper, then add water uniform stirring;
C, the demixing in step B is cast into cement block, is coated with between layers one deck lubrication oil, after cement block drying and moulding, can obtain artificial cement and build sample.
In the present embodiment, described cement is Composite portland cement, described quartz sand size is 120 orders, described clay mineral component comprises montmorillonite and illite, and described land plaster is the land plaster that white clouds matter grinding tool is used, and described oatmeal is edible oatmeal, diameter is 5mm, described a scrap of paper is long 20mm, the A4 printing paper of wide 10mm, and described lubrication oil is grey shell lubrication oil.
In the present embodiment, in steps A, described stirring is to stir 15 minutes with quartz sand mixer.
In the present embodiment, in step C, described being dried is that nature dries, 10 days duration.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, as shown in Figure 4, pressure break order carries out according to a, b, c, d, the e of mark in Fig. 3,4 the staggered pressure break experimental simulation figure of individual well the staggered pressure break schematic diagram of Oil Field individual well in turn.In Fig. 3,1 is horizontal wellbore, 2 is hydraulic fracture, on lab simulation Oil Field horizontal wellbore 1, realize staggered segmenting perforating pressure break laboratory test, the stress of two sections of pressure breaks of research disturbs, judge that the last period, pressure break finished, before rear one section of enforcement pressure break, whether circumocular three the direction stress of Perforation change, by tracer distribution observation of characteristics fracture propagation form; The present embodiment is according to the mechanism of action of 2 stress fields of hydraulic fracture, can optimizing fractional spacing; Utilize the physical simulating method of the present embodiment can also study hydraulic fracture 2 and intrinsic fracture the mechanism of interaction effect, judgement is applicable to critical operational discharge capacity and the fracturing fluid viscosity of extensive seam net pressure break.
Embodiment 3
A horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method, comprises core sample 4 is placed in to the step on the test stand of true three axle fracturing system and devices, also comprises the steps:
(1) flexible pipe line is arranged in to described core sample 4 inside; Described arrangement is that horizontal well in segments is arranged, described flexible pipe line 3 is nine;
(2) described core sample 4 is implemented to fracturing by described flexible pipe line 3, carry out Simulated Water horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break;
Described enforcement fracturing simulated test is implemented nine times, and every flexible pipe line applies respectively fracturing simulated test one time; Described flexible pipe line 3 is set in described core sample 4 inside; Described core sample 4 is cube structure.
In the present embodiment, the hydraulic rupture pressure of described core sample size is 35MPa, and the duration is 35 minutes.
When described core sample 4 is implemented fracturing, the confined pressure value being applied on six faces of described core sample is divided into three groups, and two opposite faces are one group, the pressure equal and opposite in direction of the fracturing of two faces in every group, and, every group of fracturing size is σ
1=4MPa, σ
2=20MPa, σ
3=18MPa, for the geostatic stress of three directions of simulate formation; Wherein, σ
1, σ
2for the orthogonal flatly stress of simulation, σ
3for simulation vertically to geostatic stress.Described enforcement fracturing is three times; Described flexible pipe line 3 is set in described core sample 4 inside.
In the present embodiment, described flexible pipe line 3 is connected with the hydraulic line of the injection pump of described true three axle fracturing system and devices.One end of described flexible pipe line 3 connects sealed interface, and described sealed interface outside is connecting fluid pressure pipeline directly.Implement after pressure break, described hydraulic line connects next root flexible pipe line more successively.
In the present embodiment, described flexible pipe line 3 bundles.The binding of flexible pipe line 3 can prevent that pipeline from departing from predetermined location, guarantees that perforation position is perpendicular to stress minimally; The material of binding can also improve sealing effectiveness.
In the present embodiment, described horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break is modeled as the synchronous pressure break simulation of many wells.
In the present embodiment, the synchronous pressure break of described many wells refers to that two mouthfuls of water horizontal wells of simulation carry out the experiment of fracturing.
In the present embodiment, the fracturing fluid of described fracturing is the slippery water fracturing fluid that is added with tracer, and described tracer is fluorescent material.
In the present embodiment, described core sample is that artificial cement is built sample, and described artificial cement is built sample while building, and directly to cement, builds in sample flexible pipe line is pre-buried.
Flexible pipe line is set in core sample inside, and to be equivalent to every flexible pipe line be all independent separately can implement respectively pressure break at each root flexible pipe line, simulated field inject bridging plug separate before and after section, carry out staged fracturing construction.
In the present embodiment, described artificial cement is built sample and is comprised cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster, and the volume ratio of described cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster is 5:5:1.2:1.2.
In the present embodiment, described artificial cement is built sample and is also comprised oatmeal, shredded paper and water, and the mass percent that described oatmeal, shredded paper and water account for artificial core sample is respectively 0.2 %, 0.05 %, 18%.
In the present embodiment, the preparation method that described artificial cement is built sample comprises the following steps:
A, cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster are carried out to mix and blend;
B, in the mixture in steps A, add a small amount of oatmeal, a scrap of paper, then add water uniform stirring;
C, the demixing in step B is cast into cement block, is coated with between layers one deck lubrication oil, after cement block drying and moulding, can obtain artificial cement and build sample.
In the present embodiment, described cement is Composite portland cement, and described quartz sand size is 90 orders, and described clay mineral component comprises montmorillonite and illite, and described land plaster is the land plaster that white clouds matter grinding tool is used.
In the present embodiment, described oatmeal is edible oatmeal, and diameter is 8mm, and described a scrap of paper is long 20mm, the A4 printing paper of wide 10mm; Described lubrication oil is grey shell lubrication oil.
In the present embodiment, in steps A, described stirring is to stir 15 minutes with quartz sand mixer; In step C, described being dried is that nature dries, 10 days duration.
As shown in Figure 5, as shown in Figure 6, pressure break order carries out according to a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i in Fig. 5,6 the synchronous pressure break experimental simulation of many wells figure the synchronous pressure break schematic diagram of the many wells of described Oil Field in turn.In Fig. 5,1 is horizontal wellbore, 2 is hydraulic fracture, the synchronous pressure break segmenting perforating of many wells crushing test on lab simulation Oil Field horizontal wellbore 1, the stress of two sections of pressure breaks of research disturbs, judge that the last period, pressure break finished, before rear one section of enforcement pressure break, whether circumocular three the direction stress of Perforation change, by tracer distribution observation of characteristics fracture propagation form; The present embodiment is according to the mechanism of action of 2 stress fields of hydraulic fracture, can optimizing fractional spacing; Utilize the physical simulating method of the present embodiment can also study hydraulic fracture 2 and intrinsic fracture the mechanism of interaction effect, judgement is applicable to critical operational discharge capacity and the fracturing fluid viscosity of extensive seam net pressure break.
Embodiment 4
A horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method, comprises core sample 4 is placed in to the step on the test stand of true three axle fracturing system and devices, also comprises the steps:
(1) flexible pipe line 3 is arranged in to described core sample 4 inside; Described arrangement is that horizontal well in segments is arranged, described flexible pipe line 3 is two;
(2) described core sample 4 is implemented to fracturing by described flexible pipe line 3, carry out Simulated Water horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break;
Described enforcement fracturing simulated test implements twice, and every flexible pipe line applies respectively fracturing simulated test one time; Described flexible pipe line 3 is set in described core sample 4 inside; Described core sample 4 is cube structure.
In the present embodiment, the hydraulic rupture pressure of described core sample size is 38MPa, and the duration is 25 minutes.
When described core sample 4 is implemented fracturing, the confined pressure value being applied on six faces of described core sample is divided into three groups, and two opposite faces are one group, the pressure equal and opposite in direction of the fracturing of two faces in every group, and every group of fracturing size is σ
1=8MPa, σ
2=6MPa, σ
3=2MPa, for the geostatic stress of three directions of simulate formation; Wherein, σ
1, σ
2for the orthogonal flatly stress of simulation, σ
3for simulation vertically to geostatic stress.
In the present embodiment, described flexible pipe line 3 is connected with the hydraulic line of the injection pump of described true three axle fracturing system and devices.One end of described flexible pipe line 3 connects sealed interface, and described sealed interface outside is connecting fluid pressure pipeline directly.Implement after pressure break, described hydraulic line connects next root flexible pipe line more successively.
In the present embodiment, described horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break is modeled as the simulation of individual well order pressure break.
In the present embodiment, described individual well order pressure break simulation refers to and simulates the experiment of successively sequentially carrying out fracturing from shaft bottom to well head.
In the present embodiment, described core sample 4 is built sample for artificial cement, and described artificial cement is built sample mold graphoid as shown in Figure 8, and pictorial diagram as shown in Figure 9.In Fig. 8, true three axle system devices carry out according to the order of a, b in figure in turn to the pressure break order of flexible pipe line, the corresponding different flexible pipe lines of a, b.
In the present embodiment, the fracturing fluid of described fracturing is the slippery water fracturing fluid that is added with tracer, and described tracer is fluorescent material.
In the present embodiment, described artificial cement is built sample and is comprised cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster, and the volume ratio of described cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster is 4.8:4.8:1.1:1.1.
In the present embodiment, described artificial cement is built sample and is also comprised oatmeal, shredded paper and water, and the mass percent that described oatmeal, shredded paper and water account for artificial core sample is respectively 0.15%, 0.08%, 18%.
In the present embodiment, the preparation method that described artificial cement is built sample comprises the following steps:
A, cement, quartz sand, clay, land plaster are carried out to mix and blend;
B, in the mixture in steps A, add a small amount of oatmeal, a scrap of paper, then add water uniform stirring;
C, the demixing in step B is cast into cement block, is coated with between layers one deck lubrication oil, after cement block drying and moulding, can obtain artificial cement and build sample.
In the present embodiment, described cement is Composite portland cement, and described quartz sand size is 100 orders, and described clay mineral component comprises montmorillonite and illite, and described land plaster is the land plaster that white clouds matter grinding tool is used.
In the present embodiment, described oatmeal is edible oatmeal, and diameter is 8mm; Described a scrap of paper is long 15mm, the A4 printing paper of wide 8mm; Described lubrication oil is grey shell lubrication oil.
In the present embodiment, in steps A, described stirring is to stir 12 minutes with quartz sand mixer.
In the present embodiment, in step C, described being dried is that nature dries, 13 days duration.
In the present embodiment, artificial cement is built in sample casting process, and 2 flexible pipe lines are cast in respectively in cement block, and a sector hole gap is left in pipeline bottom, for simulating barefoot interval, as shown in dashed rectangle in 8.It is 300mm * 300mm * 300mm that artificial cement is built specimen size.
After pressure break experiment finishes, in pipeline bottom, 2 major fractures and many secondary cracks have been formed.Major fracture face 5 is generally perpendicular to minimally stress direction expansion, as shown in FIG. 10 and 11, rock mass between first order major fracture 7, second level major fracture 8 has formed a plurality of secondary cracks 6, as shown in figure 12, this is after forming because of major fracture, rock has around been produced to an additional stress field, be referred to as " stress shadow ", stress shadow is superimposed upon primitively in stress field, thereby making two rock mass between major fracture that stress occur turns to, when fracturing fluid is during along flow in fracture, hydraulic pressure also can force rock mass to produce the secondary crack 6 that is parallel to pit shaft direction.In order to be familiar with more intuitively this experimental result, utilize solidwork software that its fracture network is carried out to three-dimensionalreconstruction, formed three-dimensional cracking network diagram, as shown in figure 13, in Figure 13, shown that the rock mass between first order major fracture 7 and second level major fracture 8 has formed a plurality of secondary cracks 6, and major fracture face is generally perpendicular to minimally stress direction expansion.
Claims (10)
1. a horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method, comprises core sample is placed in to the step on the test stand of true three axle fracturing system and devices, it is characterized in that, also comprises the steps:
(1) flexible pipe line is arranged in to described core sample inside; Described arrangement is that horizontal well in segments is arranged, at least two of described flexible pipe lines;
(2) described core sample is implemented to fracturing by described flexible pipe line, carry out Simulated Water horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break;
Described enforcement fracturing simulated test at least implements twice, and every flexible pipe line applies respectively fracturing simulated test one time; It is inner that described flexible pipe line is set in described core sample; Described core sample is cube structure.
2. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the hydraulic rupture pressure size of described core sample is 30-40MPa, and the duration is 20-40 minute.
3. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when described core sample is implemented fracturing, the confined pressure value being applied on six faces of described core sample is divided into three groups, two opposite faces are one group, the pressure equal and opposite in direction of the fracturing of two faces in every group, the pressure size of every group of fracturing is σ
1=1-25MPa, σ
2=1-25MPa, σ
3=1-25MPa, for the geostatic stress of three directions of simulate formation; Wherein, σ
1, σ
2for the orthogonal flatly stress of simulation, σ
3for simulation vertically to geostatic stress.
4. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described flexible pipe line is connected with the hydraulic line of the injection pump of described true three axle fracturing system and devices.
5. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described flexible pipe line bundles.
6. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break simulation comprises the simulation of individual well order pressure break, the staggered pressure break simulation of individual well and the synchronous pressure break simulation of many wells.
7. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described individual well order pressure break simulation refers to simulates the experiment of successively sequentially carrying out fracturing from shaft bottom to well head.
8. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the staggered pressure break simulation of described individual well refers to that simulation carries out the experiment of fracturing from shaft bottom to well head interleaved order.
9. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the synchronous pressure break of described many wells refers to that at least two mouthfuls of water horizontal wells of simulation carry out the experiment of fracturing.
10. horizontal well multi-stage water power pressure break physical simulating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the fracturing fluid of described fracturing is the slippery water fracturing fluid that is added with tracer.
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