CN112683684A - True triaxial multi-cluster fracturing simulation test device - Google Patents
True triaxial multi-cluster fracturing simulation test device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial multi-cluster fracturing simulation test device. Extending the stress output end of the true triaxial stress loading device into the fracturing chamber; the transmitting end of the acoustic emission probe extends into the fracturing chamber; the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device; a plurality of clusters of fracturing wellbores are disposed in the fracturing chamber; and a medium output end of the pressurizing device is introduced into the multiple clusters of fracturing mineshafts. The sample is placed in a fracturing chamber. The pressure device is used for conveying high-pressure fracturing fluid to the inside of the sample, the sound emission probe is arranged on the end face in the direction (maximum and minimum) of the simulated horizontal stress, and the sound emission probe is connected with the sound emission equipment through a lead, so that multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures can be simulated really, and the expansion rule of the multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures can be mastered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas reservoir exploitation, in particular to a true triaxial multi-cluster fracturing simulation test device.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing, one of the main technical measures for increasing the production of oil and gas, has been widely applied to the production of modern oil and gas and unconventional oil and gas, and plays a decisive role in the production of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs.
The geometry of hydraulic fractures is one of the main factors influencing the fracturing treatment effect, and the economic and effective fracturing needs to extend the fractures in a reservoir layer as much as possible to form a more complex fracture network, so that more remarkable benefits are obtained. The deep rock mass is in an environment of three-dimensional anisobaric stress state, namely a true triaxial stress state. The development of a rock hydraulic fracturing test under a true triaxial condition is beneficial to obtaining the initiation and expansion of a fracture under a true stratum, and the rock hydraulic fracturing test has important theoretical value and engineering practice significance for improving the exploitation efficiency of an oil-gas reservoir, particularly the yield of shale gas.
The horizontal well multi-cluster fracturing technology is the core technology of shale gas exploitation. In the fracturing process, hydraulic fractures synchronously initiate, extend and interfere with a plurality of perforation cluster positions in the same section, interact with bedding and natural fractures of a shale reservoir stratum, finally form a complex fracture network, and realize effective reconstruction of the shale reservoir stratum.
At present, no method for truly simulating multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a true triaxial multi-cluster hydraulic fracture simulation test device which can truly simulate multi-cluster hydraulic fracture so as to master the expansion rule of the multi-cluster hydraulic fracture.
The invention provides a true triaxial multi-cluster fracturing simulation test device, which comprises: the device comprises a fracturing chamber, a true triaxial stress loading device, an acoustic emission probe, an acoustic emission device, a pressurizing device and a plurality of clusters of fracturing mineshafts; the stress output end of the true triaxial stress loading device extends into the fracturing chamber; the transmitting end of the acoustic emission probe extends into the fracturing chamber; the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device; the multiple clusters of fracturing wellbores are disposed in the fracturing chamber; and the medium output end of the pressurizing device is communicated with the multi-cluster fracturing mineshaft.
Further, the true triaxial stress loading device comprises: the stress loading plate, the force transmission plate, the stress supercharger and the stress power source; opening at a sidewall of the fracturing chamber; the stress loading plate is arranged at the opening; the stress loading plate is connected with the first end of the force transmission plate, and the second end of the force transmission plate is connected with the stress output end of the stress supercharger; and the power input end of the stress supercharger is connected with the power output end of the stress power source.
Further, the pressurizing device includes: the device comprises a high-pressure water cavity, a pressurizing supercharger, a pipeline, a multi-way valve and a tracer box; the pressurizing end of the pressurizing supercharger extends into the high-pressure water cavity; the medium output end of the high-pressure water cavity is connected with the first end of the pipeline; the second end of the pipeline is communicated into the multi-cluster fracturing mineshaft through the multi-way valve; the tracer cartridge is disposed on the pipeline.
Further, the pressurizing device further comprises: a pressure monitoring component; the pressure monitoring component is arranged on the pipeline; and the signal output end of the pressure monitoring component is in communication connection with the signal input end of the upper computer.
Further, the pressurizing device further comprises: a flow monitoring component; the flow monitoring component is arranged on the pipeline; and the signal output end of the flow monitoring component is in communication connection with the signal input end of the upper computer.
Further, the pressurizing device further comprises: a stop valve; the stop valve is arranged on the pipeline.
Further, still include: a differential preamplifier; and the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe is in communication connection with the signal output end of the differential preamplifier, and the signal input end of the differential preamplifier is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
extending the stress output end of the true triaxial stress loading device into the fracturing chamber; the transmitting end of the acoustic emission probe extends into the fracturing chamber; the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device; a plurality of clusters of fracturing wellbores are disposed in the fracturing chamber; and a medium output end of the pressurizing device is introduced into the multiple clusters of fracturing mineshafts. The sample is placed in a fracturing chamber. The pressure device is used for conveying high-pressure fracturing fluid to the inside of the sample, the sound emission probe is arranged on the end face in the direction (maximum and minimum) of the simulated horizontal stress, and the sound emission probe is connected with the sound emission equipment through a lead, so that multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures can be simulated really, and the expansion rule of the multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures can be mastered.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a true triaxial multi-cluster fracture simulation test device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-cluster fractured well bore 3 in a true triaxial multi-cluster fractured simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of sample No. 4 in an example of the present invention;
the system comprises a fracturing chamber 1, a sound emission probe 2, a fracturing multi-cluster well 3, a sample 4, a stress loading plate 5, a force transmission plate 6, a stress booster 7, a stress power source 8, a high-pressure water cavity 9, a pressurization booster 10, a pipeline 11, a high-pressure valve 12, a tracer box 13, a pressure monitoring part 14, a flow monitoring part 15, a stop valve 16, a differential preamplifier 17, a high-strength steel pipe 18, a high-pressure pipe 19, a circular iron sheet 20, a sound emission device 21, a computer 22, a hydraulic source servo valve 23, a water container 24 and a multi-way valve 25.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a true triaxial multi-cluster fracturing simulation test device which can truly simulate multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing so as to master a multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing expansion rule.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention has the following general idea:
extending the stress output end of the true triaxial stress loading device into the fracturing chamber; the transmitting end of the acoustic emission probe extends into the fracturing chamber; the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device; a plurality of clusters of fracturing wellbores are disposed in the fracturing chamber; and a medium output end of the pressurizing device is introduced into the multiple clusters of fracturing mineshafts. The sample is placed in a fracturing chamber. The pressure device is used for conveying high-pressure fracturing fluid to the inside of the sample, the sound emission probe is arranged on the end face in the direction (maximum and minimum) of the simulated horizontal stress, and the sound emission probe is connected with the sound emission equipment through a lead, so that multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures can be simulated really, and the expansion rule of the multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures can be mastered.
For better understanding of the above technical solutions, the following detailed descriptions will be provided in conjunction with the drawings and the detailed description of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the true triaxial multi-cluster fracture simulation test apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a fracturing chamber 1, a true triaxial stress loading device, an acoustic emission probe 2, an acoustic emission device 21, a pressurizing device and a multi-cluster fracturing shaft 3; the stress output end of the true triaxial stress loading device extends into the fracturing chamber 1; the transmitting end of the acoustic emission probe 2 extends into the fracturing chamber 1; the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe 2 is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device 21; a plurality of clusters of fracturing wellbores 3 are arranged in the fracturing chamber 1; the medium output end of the pressurizing device is communicated with the multiple clusters of fracturing mineshafts 3. The sample 4 is placed in the fracturing chamber 1. The true triaxial stress loading device applies three-way load to the large-size cubic sample 4 to simulate real stress, the pressurizing device is used for conveying high-pressure fracturing fluid to the inside of the sample 4, and two asymmetrical acoustic emission probes 2 are respectively arranged on 4 end faces in the direction (maximum and minimum) of simulated horizontal stress and are connected with an acoustic emission device 21 through a lead.
The structure of the true triaxial stress loading device is specifically explained, and the true triaxial stress loading device comprises: the stress loading plate 5, the force transmission plate 6, the stress supercharger 7 and the stress power source 8; opening at the side wall of the fracturing chamber 1; the stress loading plate 5 is arranged at the opening; the stress loading plate 5 is connected with the first end of the force transmission plate 6, and the second end of the force transmission plate 6 is connected with the stress output end of the stress supercharger 7; the power input end of the stress booster 7 is connected with the power output end of the stress power source 8.
Specifically, the core bases are placed on the left, the rear and the lower side of the fracturing chamber 1, the opening is formed in the X, Y, Z direction of the fracturing chamber 1, the stress loading plates 5 are respectively arranged, a preformed hole of the acoustic emission probe 2 is preformed on each stress loading plate 5, and the acoustic emission probe 2 is arranged in the preformed hole. The stress loading plate 5 is connected with the force transfer plate 6, the force transfer plate 6 is connected with the stress booster 7 so as to independently apply triaxial stress to the sample 4, the stress booster 7 is connected with the stress power source 8, the stress power source 8 is connected with the controller, and the controller is connected with the computer.
Specifically, the structure of the pressurizing device is described, and the pressurizing device includes: a high-pressure water cavity 9, a pressurizing supercharger 10, a pipeline 11, a multi-way valve 25 and a tracer box 13; the pressurizing end of the pressurizing supercharger 10 extends into the high-pressure water cavity 9; the medium output end of the high-pressure water cavity 9 is connected with the first end of the pipeline 11; the second end of the pipeline 11 is led into the multi-cluster fracturing shaft 3 through a multi-way valve 25; a tracer box 13 is provided on the pipeline 11.
Specifically, the computer 22 is connected with a hydraulic source servo valve 23, the pressure and the discharge capacity of the fracturing fluid are controlled through a pressurizing device, the hydraulic source servo valve 23 is connected with a pressurizing supercharger 10, the pressurizing supercharger 10 is connected with a high-pressure water cavity 9, the high-pressure water cavity 9 is connected with a water container 24, the water container 24 stores the fracturing fluid, the fracturing fluid enters the high-pressure water cavity 9, and the pressurizing supercharger 10 pressurizes the fracturing fluid and is connected with the multiple clusters of fracturing mineshafts 3 through a pipeline 11. The tracer box 13 contains a tracer for dyeing the fracturing fluid.
In order to control the inlet and outlet of the fracturing fluid, the pressurizing device further comprises: a high pressure valve 12; a high pressure valve 12 is provided on the pipe 11.
In order to monitor the pressure in the pipeline 11, so as to obtain the results of the multiple clusters of fracturing simulation tests under different pressures, the pressurizing device further comprises: a pressure monitoring component 14; the pressure monitoring part 14 is arranged on the pipeline 11; and the signal output end of the pressure monitoring component 14 is in communication connection with the signal input end of the upper computer.
In this embodiment, the pressure monitoring component 14 is a pressure sensor for recording the pressure of the pumped fracturing fluid and transmitting the pressure data to an upper computer.
In order to monitor the flow rate in the pipeline 11, so as to obtain the results of the multiple clusters of fracturing simulation tests under different flow rates, the pressurizing device further comprises: a flow rate monitoring section 15; the flow rate monitoring part 15 is provided on the pipe 11; and the signal output end of the flow monitoring part 15 is in communication connection with the signal input end of the upper computer.
In this embodiment, the flow monitoring unit 15 is a high pressure flow meter, and is used to record the instantaneous flow of the pumped fracturing fluid and transmit the flow data to the upper computer.
Further explaining the structure of the pressurizing device, the pressurizing device further includes: a shut-off valve 16; a shut-off valve 16 is provided on the pipe 11.
In this embodiment, the multi-way valve 25 is a four-way valve, and the four-way valve is connected to the high-pressure pipeline 11 of the hydraulic fracturing servo pump system. The four-way valve divides the high-pressure fracturing fluid delivered by the fracturing pump into three clusters and is connected with the multi-cluster fracturing shaft 3; each cluster of pipelines 11 is provided with a tracer box 13, a pressure monitoring part 14, a flow monitoring part 15 and a stop valve 16, and the order of the arrangement positions of the tracer box 13, the pressure monitoring part 14, the flow monitoring part 15 and the stop valve 16 can be interchanged, which is not limited in the embodiment of the invention. The tracer in the tracer box 13 is different colors on each cluster of pipes 11 to allow for different staining of the fracturing fluid in each cluster of pipes 11.
In order to improve the accuracy of the multiple cluster fracturing simulation test result, the method further comprises the following steps: a differential preamplifier 17; the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe 2 is in communication connection with the signal output end of the differential preamplifier 17, and the signal input end of the differential preamplifier 17 is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device 21.
The steps of carrying out the true triaxial multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing simulation test by using the true triaxial multi-cluster fracturing simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of sample 4
In order to realize an indoor large true triaxial multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing test, an artificial cube sample 4 is selected as a test object in the test. The raw materials for preparing the artificial sample 4 are PC52.5R composite Portland cement and 40-80 mesh quartz sand, wherein the mass ratio of the cement to the quartz sand to water is 1: 0.5.
the center of the artificial sample 4 is pre-embedded with a plurality of clusters of fracturing mineshafts 3, and each cluster of water outlets of the mineshafts can be plugged by dough or a paperboard before pre-embedding so as to prevent grout from being poured into the mineshafts to block the mineshafts. When the shaft is pre-buried, the position of the shaft is ensured to be positioned at the center of the sample 4.
In the embodiment, the multiple clusters of fractured wellbores 3 are formed by welding a high-strength steel pipe 18 with the outer diameter of 20mm and the inner diameter of 15mm and a high-pressure pipe 19 with the outer diameter of 3mm and the inner diameter of 0.7mm, namely, the inner wall of the high-strength steel pipe 18 is welded with the outer wall of the high-pressure pipe 19, the wellbore is exposed out of the high-pressure pipe 19 by 3mm, high-strength annular iron sheets 20 are welded at positions of 5mm on the left and right of a water outlet, the outer diameter of each annular iron sheet 20 is 30mm and the inner diameter of each annular iron sheet 20 is 20mm, so that an annular perforation area is formed, and real perforation conditions under. The distance between the water outlets of each high-pressure pipeline is 1/7-1/3 half of the height of the sample 4, so that the distance under different conditions is simulated, the difference under different conditions is obtained, a more real and effective result is obtained, and the field production is guided.
Example (c):
for example, a cubic artificial sample 4 of 400mm × 400mm × 400mm is prepared and subjected to a three-cluster fracturing test, the shaft is designed to be formed by welding a high-strength steel pipe 18 and three high-pressure pipes 19, the interval between each high-pressure pipe 19, namely the cluster interval, is 60mm, the cluster of fractured shafts 3 is shown in fig. 2, and the artificial sample 4 is shown in fig. 3.
Step two: performing true triaxial multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing test
And after the artificial sample 4 is prepared, performing a true triaxial multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing test after 28 days of maintenance.
The test steps are as follows:
(1) accurately recording the surface morphology of the artificial sample 4;
(2) placing a prepared sample 4 into a fracturing chamber 1, and arranging 2 acoustic emission probes 2 on each diagonal line of 4 end faces of the hydraulic fracturing sample 4 so as to effectively monitor crack information in the sample 4;
(3) respectively adding tracers with different colors into the tracer box 13 to correspond to different clusters, so that a hydraulic fracturing channel can be observed by splitting the sample 4 after the test, and a true triaxial physical model testing machine is adopted to simulate the loading of a three-way stress condition;
(4) after the three-dimensional stress loading is completed, the stress condition is kept unchanged for two hours, so that the inside of the sample 4 is uniformly stressed. Then starting the hydraulic fracturing pressurizing device and the sound emission equipment 21 to perform a fracturing test, and synchronously acquiring pressurizing data and sound emission data in real time by a computer;
(5) after the fracturing test is completed, stopping the hydraulic fracturing pressurizing device, the sound emission device 21 and the true triaxial stress loading device, and unloading the true triaxial physical model testing machine to 0 stably;
(6) disassembling the sample 4, loading each surface of the sample 4 for direct observation and recording, and shooting by adopting a digital camera;
(7) sectioning the fracturing sample 4, describing hydraulic migration channels in the sample 4 by observing different tracers in the fracturing fluid, and mastering a plurality of clusters of hydraulic fracture expansion rules;
(9) and comprehensively comparing the pressurization curve and the acoustic emission monitoring data to obtain information such as the initiation state of the multi-cluster cracks, the crack propagation direction and the like.
[ technical effects ] of
1. Extending the stress output end of the true triaxial stress loading device into the fracturing chamber 1; the transmitting end of the acoustic emission probe 2 extends into the fracturing chamber 1; the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe 2 is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device 21; a plurality of clusters of fracturing wellbores 3 are arranged in the fracturing chamber 1; the medium output end of the pressurizing device is communicated with the multiple clusters of fracturing mineshafts 3. The sample 4 is placed in the fracturing chamber 1. The true triaxial stress loading device applies three-way load to the sample 4 to simulate real stress, the pressurizing device is used for conveying high-pressure fracturing fluid to the inside of the sample 4, the acoustic emission probe 2 is arranged on the end face in the direction (maximum and minimum) of the simulated horizontal stress, and the acoustic emission probe is connected with the acoustic emission device 21 through a lead, so that multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures can be simulated really, and the expansion rule of the multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures can be mastered.
2. Through the use of the pressure monitoring part 14, the monitoring of the pressure in the pipeline 11 is realized, so that the results of multiple clusters of fracturing simulation tests under different pressures can be obtained.
3. By using the flow monitoring part 15, the flow in the pipeline 11 is monitored, so that a plurality of clusters of fracturing simulation test results under different flows can be obtained.
4. By using the differential preamplifier 17, the accuracy of the multi-cluster fracturing simulation test result is improved.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a many cluster fracturing simulation test device of true triaxial which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a fracturing chamber, a true triaxial stress loading device, an acoustic emission probe, an acoustic emission device, a pressurizing device and a plurality of clusters of fracturing mineshafts; the stress output end of the true triaxial stress loading device extends into the fracturing chamber; the transmitting end of the acoustic emission probe extends into the fracturing chamber; the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device; the multiple clusters of fracturing wellbores are disposed in the fracturing chamber; and the medium output end of the pressurizing device is communicated with the multi-cluster fracturing mineshaft.
2. The true triaxial multi-cluster fracture simulation testing device of claim 1, wherein the true triaxial stress loading device comprises: the stress loading plate, the force transmission plate, the stress supercharger and the stress power source; opening at a sidewall of the fracturing chamber; the stress loading plate is arranged at the opening; the stress loading plate is connected with the first end of the force transmission plate, and the second end of the force transmission plate is connected with the stress output end of the stress supercharger; and the power input end of the stress supercharger is connected with the power output end of the stress power source.
3. The true triaxial multi-cluster fracture simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the pressurizing device comprises: the device comprises a high-pressure water cavity, a pressurizing supercharger, a pipeline, a multi-way valve and a tracer box; the pressurizing end of the pressurizing supercharger extends into the high-pressure water cavity; the medium output end of the high-pressure water cavity is connected with the first end of the pipeline; the second end of the pipeline is communicated into the multi-cluster fracturing mineshaft through the multi-way valve; the tracer cartridge is disposed on the pipeline.
4. The true triaxial multi-cluster fracture simulation testing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressurizing apparatus further comprises: a pressure monitoring component; the pressure monitoring component is arranged on the pipeline; and the signal output end of the pressure monitoring component is in communication connection with the signal input end of the upper computer.
5. The true triaxial multi-cluster fracture simulation testing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressurizing apparatus further comprises: a flow monitoring component; the flow monitoring component is arranged on the pipeline; and the signal output end of the flow monitoring component is in communication connection with the signal input end of the upper computer.
6. The true triaxial multi-cluster fracture simulation testing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressurizing apparatus further comprises: a stop valve; the stop valve is arranged on the pipeline.
7. The true triaxial multi-cluster fracture simulation testing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: a differential preamplifier; and the signal input end of the acoustic emission probe is in communication connection with the signal output end of the differential preamplifier, and the signal input end of the differential preamplifier is in communication connection with the signal output end of the acoustic emission device.
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| CN115078121A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-09-20 | 太原理工大学 | Indirect visual rock multi-cluster fracturing indoor test device and method |
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