CN104092245A - Alternating-current bypass single-phase photovoltaic inverter and control method and control device thereof - Google Patents
Alternating-current bypass single-phase photovoltaic inverter and control method and control device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104092245A CN104092245A CN201410356818.7A CN201410356818A CN104092245A CN 104092245 A CN104092245 A CN 104092245A CN 201410356818 A CN201410356818 A CN 201410356818A CN 104092245 A CN104092245 A CN 104092245A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alternating-current bypass single-phase photovoltaic inverter and a control method and control device thereof. In the method, closed-loop adjustment is carried out on the phase of modulating waves according to the phase difference between a grid-connected current signal and a grid-connected voltage signal so that the phase difference with a certain fixed value can be kept between the grid-connected current signal and the grid-connected voltage signal; the phase of the grid-connected current signal is locked to control an alternating-current bypass power switch tube so that switching of the alternating-current bypass power switch tube can be achieved during zero crossing of a current. The grid-connected current is not interrupted, the zero crossing distortion of the current is reduced or even eliminated, and a reactive current with any angle can be generated by an alternating-current bypass single-phase photovoltaic inverter. The invention further discloses the alternating-current bypass single-phase photovoltaic inverter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to inverter technology field, relate in particular to the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass and control method and control device.
Background technology
Adopt photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter efficiency of non-isolated (containing transformer) topology high, volume is little, lightweight, cost is low, these advantages obtain the attention of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter manufacturer and research institution, there is a large amount of correlative study achievements, greatly promoted the development of photovoltaic power generation technology.But, adopt the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of non-isolated topology to form direct electrical connection with AC network, the high frequency common mode voltage that this electrical connection can produce power device switch forms high frequency common mode current, brings conduction, radiated interference problem and potential safety hazard.
In order to address this problem, occur that a class can suppress the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass of high frequency common mode current, such topology is that the one of typical H bridge topology is improved, in the afterflow stage, AC network and photovoltaic cell are disconnected, additional bypass power switch is by alternating current bypass, adopt unipolarity modulation system to reduce the wastage, bypass power switch pipe is with phase place and the frequency switching of line voltage.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the structure of two kinds of single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters of alternating current bypass.H6 main circuit topology shown in HERIC main circuit topology shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, includes the first power switch tube S 1, the second power switch tube S 2, the 3rd power switch tube S 3, the 4th power switch tube S 4, the 5th power switch tube S 5 and the 6th power switch tube S 6.Wherein, the first power switch tube S 1, the second power switch tube S 2, the 3rd power switch tube S 3 and the 4th power switch tube S 4 are brachium pontis power switch pipe, and the 5th power switch tube S 5 and the 6th power switch tube S 6 are alternating current bypass power switch pipe.In running, according to the phase place of line voltage and frequency switching, the sequential of switch is determined by modulation strategy alternating current bypass power device (namely the 5th power switch tube S 5 and the 6th power switch tube S 6).
In running, there is the problem of current zero-crossing point distortion in the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of current alternating current bypass.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide control method and the control device of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass, to reduce the degree of electric current in zero crossing distortion.The present invention also provides a kind of alternating current bypass single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The present invention discloses the control method of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass is connected between photovoltaic cell and AC network, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass comprises the first power switch pipe to the six power switch pipes, wherein the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes are brachium pontis power switch pipe, the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe are alternating current bypass power switch pipe, and described method comprises:
Obtain mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
α;
Determine described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
Calculate described phase difference
and fixed phase
and value, described and value is carried out to PI proportional plus integral control, obtain initial phase angle θ;
Generate unit sinusoidal signal, the frequency of described unit sinusoidal signal is identical with the frequency of described AC network, initial phase angle is θ;
Obtain DC reference voltage V
dcr, to described DC reference voltage V
dcrcarry out PI control, obtain reference current peak value U
pi;
By described reference current peak value U
pimultiply each other and obtain reference current i with unit sinusoidal signal
ref;
Determine the grid-connected current i of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass, calculate described reference current i
refwith the difference of described grid-connected current i, described difference is carried out to PI control, obtain modulating wave i
m;
More described modulating wave i
mand carrier wave, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, and transfer to the control end of described first to fourth power switch pipe;
To described grid-connected current signal i
αcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain current synchronous signal i
syn, utilize described current synchronous signal i
syngenerate the switching signal of described the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe, and transfer to described the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe.
Preferably, in said method, described modulating wave i
mand carrier wave, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, comprising:
To described modulating wave i
mcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyn;
To described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyncarry out shaping and obtain first signal S
1mand secondary signal/S
1m, wherein, as described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring higher than zero potential, described first signal S
1mfor high level, described secondary signal/S
1mfor low level, as described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring lower than zero potential, described first signal S
1mfor low level, described secondary signal/S
1mfor high level;
More described modulating wave i
mobtain the 4th signal S with described carrier wave
14m, wherein, as described modulating wave i
mduring higher than described carrier wave, described the 4th signal S
14mfor high level, as described modulating wave i
mduring lower than described carrier wave, described the 4th signal S
14mfor low level;
Obtain described modulating wave i
minversion signal, more described inversion signal and described carrier wave obtain the 3rd signal S
23m, wherein, when described inversion signal is during higher than described carrier wave, described the 3rd signal S
23mfor high level, when described inversion signal is during lower than described carrier wave, described the 3rd signal S
23mfor low level;
By described first signal S
1mwith described the 4th signal S
14mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe and the 4th power switch pipe, by described secondary signal/S
1mwith described the 3rd signal S
23mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of the second power switch pipe and the 3rd power switch pipe.
Preferably, in said method, described in obtain DC reference voltage V
dcrcomprise:
Obtain the direct voltage V of described photovoltaic cell
dc;
Determine the reference voltage of described photovoltaic cell according to MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm;
By described reference voltage and described direct voltage V
dcdifference be defined as DC reference voltage V
dcr.
Preferably, in said method, described definite described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
comprise:
According to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q;
According to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S;
Utilize formula
calculate described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference.
Preferably, in said method, described according to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q, comprising: by described mains voltage signal V
αlag behind 90 °, obtain voltage signal V
β; By described grid-connected current signal i
αlag behind 90 °, obtain current signal i
β; Utilize formula Q=V
β* i
α-V
α* i
β, calculate reactive power Q;
Described according to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S, comprising: calculate mains voltage signal V
αeffective value V
rMS; Calculate grid-connected current signal i
αeffective value I
rMS; Utilize formula S=V
rMS* I
rMS, calculate apparent power S.
The present invention also discloses the control device of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass is connected between photovoltaic cell and AC network, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass comprises the first power switch pipe to the six power switch pipes, wherein the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes are brachium pontis power switch pipe, the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe are alternating current bypass power switch pipe, and described control device comprises:
Signal acquiring unit, for obtaining mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
α;
Phase difference determining unit, for determining described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
Initial phase angle determining unit, for calculating described phase difference
and fixed phase
and value, described and value is carried out to PI proportional plus integral control, obtain initial phase angle θ;
Sinusoidal signal generating unit, for the unit's of generation sinusoidal signal, the frequency of described unit sinusoidal signal is identical with the frequency of described AC network, initial phase angle is θ;
Reference current peak value determining unit, for obtaining DC reference voltage V
dcr, to described DC reference voltage V
dcrcarry out PI control, obtain reference current peak value U
pi;
Reference current determining unit, for by described reference current peak value U
pimultiply each other and obtain reference current i with unit sinusoidal signal
ref;
Modulating wave generating unit, for determining the grid-connected current i of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass, calculates described reference current i
refwith the difference of described grid-connected current i, described difference is carried out to PI control, obtain modulating wave i
m;
The first switching signal generating unit, for more described modulating wave i
mand carrier wave, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, and transfer to the control end of described first to fourth power switch pipe;
Second switch signal generating unit, for to described grid-connected current signal i
αcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain current synchronous signal i
syn, utilize described current synchronous signal i
syngenerate the switching signal of described the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe, and transfer to described the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe.
Preferably, in above-mentioned control device, described the first switching signal generating unit comprises:
Phase-locked module, obtains modulating wave synchronizing signal i for described modulating wave im being carried out to phase-locked processing
msyn;
Shaping Module, for to described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyncarry out shaping and obtain first signal S
1mand secondary signal/S
1m, wherein, as described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring higher than zero potential, described first signal S
1mfor high level, described secondary signal/S
1mfor low level, as described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring lower than zero potential, described first signal S
1mfor low level, described secondary signal/S
1mfor high level;
Comparison module, for more described modulating wave i
mobtain the 4th signal S with described carrier wave
14m, wherein, as described modulating wave i
mduring higher than described carrier wave, described the 4th signal S
14mfor high level, as described modulating wave i
mduring lower than described carrier wave, described the 4th signal S
14mfor low level;
First signal generation module, for obtaining described modulating wave i
minversion signal, more described inversion signal and described carrier wave obtain the 3rd signal S
23m, wherein, when described inversion signal is during higher than described carrier wave, described the 3rd signal S
23mfor high level, when described inversion signal is during lower than described carrier wave, described the 3rd signal S
23mfor low level;
Secondary signal generation module, for by described first signal S
1mwith described the 4th signal S
14mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe and the 4th power switch pipe, by described secondary signal/S
1mwith described the 3rd signal S
23mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of the second power switch pipe and the 3rd power switch pipe.
Preferably, in above-mentioned control device, described reference current peak value determining unit comprises reference current peak value determination module;
Described reference current peak value determination module obtains the direct voltage V of described photovoltaic cell
dc, determine the reference voltage of described photovoltaic cell according to MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm, by described reference voltage and described direct voltage V
dcdifference be defined as DC reference voltage V
dcr.
Preferably, in above-mentioned control device, described phase difference determining unit comprises:
Reactive power determination module, for according to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q;
Apparent power determination module, for according to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S;
Phase difference determination module, for utilizing formula
calculate described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference.
The present invention also discloses the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass, comprises above-mentioned any one control device.
As can be seen here, beneficial effect of the present invention is: control method and the control device of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass disclosed by the invention, utilize the phase difference between grid-connected current signal and mains voltage signal to carry out closed loop adjustment to the phase place of modulating wave, to make grid-connected current signal and mains voltage signal keep certain certain value phase difference, the phase place of phase-locked grid-connected current signal is controlled alternating current bypass power switch pipe, thereby make alternating current bypass power switch pipe in the time of current over-zero, carry out switching over, do not interrupt grid-connected current, reduce even to eliminate the zero crossing distortion of electric current, and the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass can send reactive current at any angle.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only embodiments of the invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be provided according to the accompanying drawing providing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of HERIC main circuit topology;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of H6 main circuit topology;
Fig. 3 is the equivalent schematic diagram of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter;
Fig. 4 is the phase relation schematic diagram of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the control method of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass disclosed by the invention;
Fig. 6 is the theory diagram that generates unit sinusoidal signal based on phase difference closed-loop control;
Fig. 7 is the theory diagram that generates modulating wave based on unit sinusoidal signal;
Current path schematic diagram when Fig. 8 is the generation of HERIC main circuit topology shown in Fig. 1 direct-current short circuit;
Fig. 9 is the flow chart that generates a kind of method of the switching signal of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes;
Figure 10 is the theory diagram that generates the another kind of method of the switching signal of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes;
Figure 11 be based on traditional control method produce switching signal and the simulation waveform figure of grid-connected current;
Figure 12 is the switching signal that produces based on control method disclosed by the invention and the simulation waveform figure of grid-connected current;
Figure 13 is respectively according to the phase control by-pass switch of line voltage with according in the situation of the phase control by-pass switch of grid-connected current, the simulation waveform of the reactive current producing;
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the phase difference based on traditional control method and control method disclosed by the invention generation;
Figure 15 is reference current while being 20A, the oscillogram of the grid-connected current producing based on traditional control method and control method disclosed by the invention;
Figure 16 is reference current while being 50A, the oscillogram of the grid-connected current producing based on traditional control method and control method disclosed by the invention;
Figure 17 is the structural representation of the control device of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass disclosed by the invention;
Figure 18 is the structural representation of the first switching signal generating unit disclosed by the invention.
Embodiment
The grid-connected operation principle of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter can be equivalent to: a current source that phase place is controlled
through a reactor L (its internal resistance can be ignored) and a voltage source
inject AC network, as shown in Figure 3.If ensure line voltage and grid-connected current homophase, the voltage that current source produces at reactor L front end
want leading line voltage
voltage on final like this and reactor
resultant vector is homophase, as shown in Figure 4.
Voltage
phase place determined by modulating wave, and at present modulating wave is according to the phase place output of line voltage.But lag behind with respect to the phase place of line voltage because the many factors such as PI modulator, discretization can cause the phase place of modulating wave, make modulating wave leading phase not reach requirement, thereby cause grid-connected current can not keep and the strict homophase of line voltage.But bypass power switch is according to the phase control of line voltage, can destroy the continuity of grid-connected current when therefore bypass power switch carries out switching over, makes electric current be reduced to rapidly 0, produces distortion.
In order to solve the problem of above-mentioned current distortion, modulating wave need to shift to an earlier date certain phase place again, the direct voltage that just can make photovoltaic cell produce is added in grid-connected current and the line voltage same-phase on reactor L by power switch pipe, bypass power switch switches in the time of grid-connected current zero passage, reduce the degree of current distortion, even eliminate current distortion.
That an open loop is given according to the phase place of the modulating wave of the phase place output of line voltage, when actual motion, the phase lead compensation angle of modulating wave should be along with factor fluctuations such as the impedances of output current size, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, can not compensate a fixed value, the phase place that therefore modulating wave shifts to an earlier date also changes.Therefore need to control the phase difference of electric current and voltage, and phase-locked grid-connected current phase place is avoided current zero-crossing point distortion.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass in the present invention is connected between photovoltaic cell and AC network, comprise the first power switch pipe to the six power switch pipes, wherein the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes are brachium pontis power switch pipe, the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe are alternating current bypass power switch pipe, and concrete structure refers to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Referring to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the control method of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass disclosed by the invention.The method comprises:
Step S1: obtain mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
α.
Grid-connected current signal i
αrefer to the current signal of inductance C in the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the alternating current bypass of flowing through.
Step S2: determine mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
Step S3: calculate phase difference
and fixed phase
and value, to carrying out PI proportional plus integral control with value, obtain initial phase angle θ.
Wherein, fixed phase
can determine according to the parameter such as power factor, idle ratio, relevant to the control strategy of photovoltaic system.
Step S4: generate unit sinusoidal signal, the frequency of unit sinusoidal signal is identical with the frequency of AC network, initial phase angle is θ.
Step S5: obtain DC reference voltage V
dcr, to DC reference voltage V
dcrcarry out PI control, obtain reference current peak value U
pi.
In enforcement, can obtain the direct voltage V of photovoltaic cell
dcas DC reference voltage V
dcr.
Step S6: with reference to current peak U
pimultiply each other and obtain reference current i with unit sinusoidal signal
ref.
Step S7: determine the grid-connected current i of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass, computing reference current i
refwith the difference of grid-connected current i, difference is carried out to PI control, obtain modulating wave i
m.
Step S8: relatively modulating wave i
mand carrier wave, generate the switching signal of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, and transfer to the control end of first to fourth power switch pipe.
Step S9: to grid-connected current signal i
αcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain current synchronous signal i
syn, utilize current synchronous signal i
syngenerate the switching signal of the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe, and transfer to the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe.
The control method of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass disclosed by the invention, utilize the phase difference between grid-connected current signal and mains voltage signal to carry out closed loop adjustment to the phase place of modulating wave, to make grid-connected current signal and mains voltage signal keep certain certain value phase difference, the phase place of phase-locked grid-connected current signal is controlled alternating current bypass power switch pipe, thereby make alternating current bypass power switch pipe in the time of current over-zero, carry out switching over, do not interrupt grid-connected current, reduce even to eliminate the zero crossing distortion of electric current, and the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass can send reactive current at any angle.
As a kind of preferred implementation, in method shown in Fig. 1, obtain DC reference voltage V
dcrcan also adopt other modes.For example: the direct voltage V that obtains photovoltaic cell
dc; Determine the reference voltage of photovoltaic cell according to MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm; With reference to voltage and direct voltage V
dcdifference be defined as DC reference voltage V
dcr.Here it should be noted that, maximum power point tracking is comparatively ripe technology, can adopt any one existing algorithm to determine the reference voltage of photovoltaic cell, to make photovoltaic cell Maximum Power Output in the present invention.Fig. 7 is the theory diagram that generates modulating wave based on unit sinusoidal signal.
In addition, in method shown in Fig. 1, determine mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
comprise: according to mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q; According to mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S; Utilize formula
calculate mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference.
As a kind of preferred implementation, according to mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q, comprising: by mains voltage signal V
αlag behind 90 °, obtain voltage signal V
β; By grid-connected current signal i
αlag behind 90 °, obtain current signal i
β; Utilize formula Q=V
β* i
α-V
α* i
β, calculate reactive power Q.According to mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S, comprising: calculate mains voltage signal V
αeffective value V
rMS; Calculate grid-connected current signal i
αeffective value I
rMS; Utilize formula S=V
rMS* I
rMS, calculate apparent power S.The process of determining reactive power Q and apparent power S can be shown in Figure 6.
In concrete enforcement, by comparing modulating wave i
mgenerate the switching signal of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes with carrier wave, can adopt traditional approach.But applicant finds, acts on after the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes according to the switching signal of traditional approach generation, and direct-current short circuit phenomenon may appear in the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass.Current path when Fig. 8 shows HERIC main circuit topology generation direct-current short circuit.
Research is found, is caused the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass to occur that the reason of direct-current short circuit phenomenon is: exceeded half the electrical network cycle switching time that is positioned at the power switch pipe of same brachium pontis in the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass.
The present invention discloses the method for the switching signal of a kind of generation the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, occurs the phenomenon of direct-current short circuit to eliminate the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass.Referring to Fig. 9, Fig. 9 is the flow chart that generates a kind of method of the switching signal of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes.Comprise:
Step S81: to modulating wave i
mcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyn.
Step S82: to modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyncarry out shaping and obtain first signal S
1mand secondary signal/S
1m.Wherein, as modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring higher than zero potential, first signal S
1mfor high level, secondary signal/S
1mfor low level, as modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring lower than zero potential, first signal S
1mfor low level, secondary signal/S
1mfor high level.
Step S83: relatively modulating wave i
mobtain the 4th signal S with carrier wave
14m.Wherein, as modulating wave i
mduring higher than carrier wave, the 4th signal S
14mfor high level, as modulating wave i
mduring lower than carrier wave, the 4th signal S
14mfor low level.
Step S84: obtain modulating wave i
minversion signal, relatively inversion signal and carrier wave acquisition the 3rd signal S
23m.Wherein, when inversion signal is during higher than carrier wave, the 3rd signal S
23mfor high level, when inversion signal is during lower than carrier wave, the 3rd signal S
23mfor low level.
Step S85: by first signal S
1mwith the 4th signal S
14mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of the first power switch pipe and the 4th power switch pipe, by secondary signal/S
1mwith the 3rd signal S
23mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of the second power switch pipe and the 3rd power switch pipe.Wherein, the first power switch pipe and the 4th power switch pipe are positioned at different brachium pontis, and the second power switch pipe and the 3rd power switch pipe are positioned at different brachium pontis.
Based on the method shown in Fig. 9 of the present invention, by modulating wave is carried out to shaping, ensure that be no more than the electrical network cycle switching time of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes half, thereby avoided occurring direct-current short circuit phenomenon.
In enforcement, utilize current synchronous signal i
synthe switching signal that generates the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe can adopt traditional approach: by current synchronous signal i
synas the switching signal of the 6th power switch pipe; Obtain synchronizing signal i
syninversion signal, the switching signal using this inversion signal as the 5th switching tube.Phase-locked current synchronous signal control alternating current bypass power switch pipe is to distort for fear of zero crossing.
To current synchronous signal i
syncarry out shaping and obtain the 6th signal S
6, wherein, as current synchronous signal i
synduring higher than zero potential, the 6th signal S
6for high level, as current synchronous signal i
synduring lower than zero potential, the 6th signal S
6for low level.Obtain the 6th signal S
6inversion signal, using this inversion signal as the 5th switching signal S
5.Wherein, the 5th switching signal S
5transfer to the 5th power switch pipe, the 6th switching signal S
6transfer to the 6th power switch pipe.
In enforcement, can realize the shaping to signal by voltage comparator, obtain the inversion signal of a signal by inverter.Figure 10 shows a kind of method of the switching signal that more specifically generates the first power switch pipe to the six power switch pipes.Here carry out brief description:
To modulating wave i
mcarry out phase-locked processing, obtain modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyn.By modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynaccess the normal phase input end of the first voltage comparator, the reverse inter-input-ing ending grounding of this first voltage comparator, the output of this first voltage comparator is first signal S
1m.By first signal S
1maccess the input of the first inverter, the output of this first inverter is secondary signal/S
1m.By modulating wave i
mthe normal phase input end of access second voltage comparator, the inverting input access carrier of this second voltage comparator, the output of this second voltage comparator is the 4th signal S
14m.By modulating wave i
maccess the input of the second inverter, the output of this second inverter is modulating wave i
minversion signal, by the normal phase input end of this inversion signal access tertiary voltage comparator, the inverting input access carrier of this tertiary voltage comparator, the output of tertiary voltage comparator is the 3rd signal S
23m.By first signal S
1mwith the 4th signal S
14mthe input of access first and door, first is output as the switching signal of the first power switch pipe and the 4th power switch pipe with door.By secondary signal/S
1mwith the 3rd signal S
23mthe input of access second and door, second is output as the switching signal of the second power switch pipe and the 3rd power switch pipe with door.
By current synchronous signal i
synaccess the normal phase input end of the 4th voltage comparator, the reverse inter-input-ing ending grounding of the 4th voltage comparator, the output of the 4th voltage comparator is the 6th signal S
6.By the 6th signal S
6access the input of the 3rd inverter, the output of the 3rd inverter is the 5th signal S
5.
It is direct-current short circuit phenomenon during for fear of zero passage that current synchronous signal is combined with modulating wave shaping.
Utilize power electronic simulation software named PSIM to set up simulation model emulation according to above method.Wherein, photovoltaic cell replaces by 350V DC power supply, the component inventory that the effective PSIM of power switch carries, and table 1 is depicted as PSIM simulation parameter table.
Table 1
Figure 11 be based on traditional control method produce switching signal and the simulation waveform figure of grid-connected current.
Figure 12 is the switching signal that produces based on control method disclosed by the invention and the simulation waveform figure of grid-connected current.Can see by comparison, in the time that modulating wave zero passage is vibrated, traditional control method can cause direct-current short circuit, form very large short circuit current, and controlling party rule disclosed by the invention can be eliminated direct-current short circuit.
Figure 13 is respectively according to the phase control by-pass switch of line voltage with according to the phase control by-pass switch of grid-connected current, and the simulation waveform of the reactive current producing is visible, can control well reactive current according to the phase control by-pass switch of grid-connected current.
Figure 14, Figure 15 and Figure 16 are the waveform of the phase difference based on line voltage and grid-connected current while carrying out closed-loop control.Phase difference is carried out to the average value filtering processing of a cycle.As seen from the figure, during without phase difference closed-loop control, phase difference can change with grid-connected current, at electric current hour, phase place lags behind larger, if press the bypass of electrical network phase control, grid-connected current Zero-crossing Distortion can be more serious, and simultaneously this is when requiring unity power factor generating and unfavorable; In the time that grid-connected current is larger, according to electrical network Phase-switching by-pass switch, grid-connected current distortion is not obvious, but presses modulating wave Phase-switching by-pass switch, and grid-connected current distortion problem cannot be improved.Phase difference can be comparatively fast eliminated in phase difference closed-loop control, avoids the distortion of grid-connected current zero crossing, can also realize and send out arbitrarily reactive current simultaneously.
The above-mentioned control method that discloses the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass of the present invention, corresponding, the present invention also discloses the control device of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass.
Referring to Figure 17, Figure 17 is the structural representation of the control device of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass disclosed by the invention.This control device comprises signal acquiring unit 100, phase difference determining unit 200, initial phase angle determining unit 300, sinusoidal signal generating unit 400, reference current peak value determining unit 500, reference current determining unit 600, modulating wave generating unit 700, the first switching signal generating unit 800 and second switch signal generating unit 900.
Wherein:
Signal acquiring unit 100, for obtaining mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
α.Grid-connected current signal i
αrefer to the current signal of inductance C in the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the alternating current bypass of flowing through.
Phase difference determining unit 200, for determining mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
Initial phase angle determining unit 300, for calculating phase difference
and fixed phase
and value, to carrying out PI proportional plus integral control with value, obtain initial phase angle θ.Wherein, fixed phase
can determine according to the parameter such as power factor, idle ratio, relevant to the control strategy of photovoltaic system.
Sinusoidal signal generating unit 400, for the unit's of generation sinusoidal signal, the frequency of unit sinusoidal signal is identical with the frequency of AC network, initial phase angle is θ.
Reference current peak value determining unit 500, for obtaining DC reference voltage V
dcr, to DC reference voltage V
dcrcarry out PI control, obtain reference current peak value U
pi.In enforcement, can obtain the direct voltage V of photovoltaic cell
dcas DC reference voltage V
dcr.
Reference current determining unit 600, for reference to current peak U
pimultiply each other and obtain reference current i with unit sinusoidal signal
ref.
Modulating wave generating unit 700, for determining the grid-connected current i of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass, computing reference current i
refwith the difference of grid-connected current i, difference is carried out to PI control, obtain modulating wave i
m.
The first switching signal generating unit 800, for comparing modulating wave i
mand carrier wave, generate the switching signal of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, and transfer to the control end of first to fourth power switch pipe.
Second switch signal generating unit 900, for to grid-connected current signal i
αcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain current synchronous signal i
syn, utilize current synchronous signal i
syngenerate the switching signal of the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe, and transfer to the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe.
The control device of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass disclosed by the invention, utilize the phase difference between grid-connected current signal and mains voltage signal to carry out closed loop adjustment to the phase place of modulating wave, to make grid-connected current signal and mains voltage signal keep certain certain value phase difference, the phase place of phase-locked grid-connected current signal is controlled alternating current bypass power switch pipe, thereby make alternating current bypass power switch pipe in the time of current over-zero, carry out switching over, do not interrupt grid-connected current, reduce even to eliminate the zero crossing distortion of electric current, and the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass can send reactive current at any angle.
In concrete enforcement, the first switching signal generating unit 800 is by comparing modulating wave i
mgenerate the switching signal of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes with carrier wave, can adopt traditional approach.But applicant finds, acts on after the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes according to the switching signal of traditional approach generation, and direct-current short circuit phenomenon may appear in the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass.In order to address this problem, the present invention discloses a kind of the first switching signal generating unit 800, and its structure as shown in figure 18, comprises phase-locked module 801, Shaping Module 802, comparison module 803, first signal generation module 804 and secondary signal generation module 805.
Wherein:
Phase-locked module 801, for to modulating wave i
mcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyn.
Shaping Module 802, for to modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyncarry out shaping and obtain first signal S
1mand secondary signal/S
1m.Wherein, as modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring higher than zero potential, first signal S
1mfor high level, secondary signal/S
1mfor low level, as modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring lower than zero potential, first signal S
1mfor low level, secondary signal/S
1mfor high level.
Comparison module 803, for comparing modulating wave i
mobtain the 4th signal S with carrier wave
14m.Wherein, as modulating wave i
mduring higher than carrier wave, the 4th signal S
14mfor high level, as modulating wave i
mduring lower than carrier wave, the 4th signal S
14mfor low level.
First signal generation module 804, for obtaining modulating wave i
minversion signal, relatively inversion signal and carrier wave acquisition the 3rd signal S
23m.Wherein, when inversion signal is during higher than carrier wave, the 3rd signal S
23mfor high level, when inversion signal is during lower than carrier wave, the 3rd signal S
23mfor low level.
Secondary signal generation module 805, for by first signal S
1mwith the 4th signal S
14mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of the first power switch pipe and the 4th power switch pipe, by secondary signal/S
1mwith the 3rd signal S
23mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of the second power switch pipe and the 3rd power switch pipe.
The first switching signal generating unit shown in Figure 18 of the present invention, by modulating wave is carried out to shaping, has ensured that be no more than the electrical network cycle switching time of the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes half, thereby has avoided occurring direct-current short circuit phenomenon.
In the above-mentioned disclosed control device of the present invention, reference current peak value determining unit 500 can adopt other modes to determine DC reference voltage V
dcr.For example: reference current peak value determining unit 500 comprises reference current peak value determination module.This reference current peak value determination module obtains the direct voltage V of photovoltaic cell
dc, determine the reference voltage of photovoltaic cell according to MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm, with reference to voltage and direct voltage V
dcdifference be defined as DC reference voltage V
dcr.
In the above-mentioned disclosed control device of the present invention, phase difference determining unit 200 comprises: reactive power determination module, and for according to mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q; Apparent power determination module, for according to mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S; Phase difference determination module, for utilizing formula
calculate mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference.
Wherein, reactive power determination module is according to mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q, comprising: by mains voltage signal V
αlag behind 90 °, obtain voltage signal V
β; By grid-connected current signal i
αlag behind 90 °, obtain current signal i
β; Utilize formula Q=V
β* i
α-V
α* i
β, calculate reactive power Q.Apparent power determination module is according to mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S, comprising: calculate mains voltage signal V
αeffective value V
rMS; Calculate grid-connected current signal i
αeffective value I
rMS; Utilize formula S=V
rMS* I
rMS, calculate apparent power S.
The present invention also discloses the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of a kind of alternating current bypass, comprises above-mentioned disclosed any one control device of the present invention.The single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass disclosed by the invention, utilize the phase difference between grid-connected current signal and mains voltage signal to carry out closed loop adjustment to the phase place of modulating wave, to make grid-connected current signal and mains voltage signal keep certain certain value phase difference, the phase place of phase-locked grid-connected current signal is controlled alternating current bypass power switch pipe, thereby make alternating current bypass power switch pipe in the time of current over-zero, carry out switching over, do not interrupt grid-connected current, reduce even to eliminate the zero crossing distortion of electric current, and can send reactive current at any angle.
Finally, also it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as the first and second grades is only used for an entity or operation to separate with another entity or operating space, and not necessarily requires or imply and between these entities or operation, have the relation of any this reality or sequentially.
In this specification, each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, and what each embodiment stressed is and the difference of other embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar part mutually referring to.For the disclosed device of embodiment, because it corresponds to the method disclosed in Example, so description is fairly simple, relevant part illustrates referring to method part.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make professional and technical personnel in the field can realize or use the present invention.To be apparent for those skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiment, General Principle as defined herein can, in the situation that not departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (10)
1. the control method of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass is connected between photovoltaic cell and AC network, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass comprises the first power switch pipe to the six power switch pipes, wherein the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes are brachium pontis power switch pipe, the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe are alternating current bypass power switch pipe, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Obtain mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
α;
Determine described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
Calculate described phase difference
and fixed phase
and value, described and value is carried out to PI proportional plus integral control, obtain initial phase angle θ;
Generate unit sinusoidal signal, the frequency of described unit sinusoidal signal is identical with the frequency of described AC network, initial phase angle is θ;
Obtain DC reference voltage V
dcr, to described DC reference voltage V
dcrcarry out PI control, obtain reference current peak value U
pi;
By described reference current peak value U
pimultiply each other and obtain reference current i with unit sinusoidal signal
ref;
Determine the grid-connected current i of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass, calculate described reference current i
refwith the difference of described grid-connected current i, described difference is carried out to PI control, obtain modulating wave i
m;
More described modulating wave i
mand carrier wave, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, and transfer to the control end of described first to fourth power switch pipe;
To described grid-connected current signal i
αcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain current synchronous signal i
syn, utilize described current synchronous signal i
syngenerate the switching signal of described the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe, and transfer to described the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described modulating wave i
mand carrier wave, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, comprising:
To described modulating wave i
mcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyn;
To described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyncarry out shaping and obtain first signal S
1mand secondary signal/S
1m, wherein, as described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring higher than zero potential, described first signal S
1mfor high level, described secondary signal/S
1mfor low level, as described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring lower than zero potential, described first signal S
1mfor low level, described secondary signal/S
1mfor high level;
More described modulating wave i
mobtain the 4th signal S with described carrier wave
14m, wherein, as described modulating wave i
mduring higher than described carrier wave, described the 4th signal S
14mfor high level, as described modulating wave i
mduring lower than described carrier wave, described the 4th signal S
14mfor low level;
Obtain described modulating wave i
minversion signal, more described inversion signal and described carrier wave obtain the 3rd signal S
23m, wherein, when described inversion signal is during higher than described carrier wave, described the 3rd signal S
23mfor high level, when described inversion signal is during lower than described carrier wave, described the 3rd signal S
23mfor low level;
By described first signal S
1mwith described the 4th signal S
14mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe and the 4th power switch pipe, by described secondary signal/S
1mwith described the 3rd signal S
23mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of the second power switch pipe and the 3rd power switch pipe.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described in obtain DC reference voltage V
dcrcomprise:
Obtain the direct voltage V of described photovoltaic cell
dc;
Determine the reference voltage of described photovoltaic cell according to MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm;
By described reference voltage and described direct voltage V
dcdifference be defined as DC reference voltage V
dcr.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described definite described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
comprise:
According to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q;
According to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S;
Utilize formula
calculate described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described according to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q, comprising: by described mains voltage signal V
αlag behind 90 °, obtain voltage signal V
β; By described grid-connected current signal i
αlag behind 90 °, obtain current signal i
β; Utilize formula Q=V
β* i
α-V
α* i
β, calculate reactive power Q;
Described according to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S, comprising: calculate mains voltage signal V
αeffective value V
rMS; Calculate grid-connected current signal i
αeffective value I
rMS; Utilize formula S=V
rMS* I
rMS, calculate apparent power S.
6. the control device of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass is connected between photovoltaic cell and AC network, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass comprises the first power switch pipe to the six power switch pipes, wherein the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes are brachium pontis power switch pipe, the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe are alternating current bypass power switch pipe, it is characterized in that, described control device comprises:
Signal acquiring unit, for obtaining mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
α;
Phase difference determining unit, for determining described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference
Initial phase angle determining unit, for calculating described phase difference
and fixed phase
and value, described and value is carried out to PI proportional plus integral control, obtain initial phase angle θ;
Sinusoidal signal generating unit, for the unit's of generation sinusoidal signal, the frequency of described unit sinusoidal signal is identical with the frequency of described AC network, initial phase angle is θ;
Reference current peak value determining unit, for obtaining DC reference voltage V
dcr, to described DC reference voltage V
dcrcarry out PI control, obtain reference current peak value U
pi;
Reference current determining unit, for by described reference current peak value U
pimultiply each other and obtain reference current i with unit sinusoidal signal
ref;
Modulating wave generating unit, for determining the grid-connected current i of the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of described alternating current bypass, calculates described reference current i
refwith the difference of described grid-connected current i, described difference is carried out to PI control, obtain modulating wave i
m;
The first switching signal generating unit, for more described modulating wave i
mand carrier wave, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe to the four power switch pipes, and transfer to the control end of described first to fourth power switch pipe;
Second switch signal generating unit, for to described grid-connected current signal i
αcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain current synchronous signal i
syn, utilize described current synchronous signal i
syngenerate the switching signal of described the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe, and transfer to described the 5th power switch pipe and the 6th power switch pipe.
7. control device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described the first switching signal generating unit comprises:
Phase-locked module, for to described modulating wave i
mcarry out phase-locked processing and obtain modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyn;
Shaping Module, for to described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msyncarry out shaping and obtain first signal S
1mand secondary signal/S
1m, wherein, as described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring higher than zero potential, described first signal S
1mfor high level, described secondary signal/S
1mfor low level, as described modulating wave synchronizing signal i
msynduring lower than zero potential, described first signal S
1mfor low level, described secondary signal/S
1mfor high level;
Comparison module, for more described modulating wave i
mobtain the 4th signal S with described carrier wave
14m, wherein, as described modulating wave i
mduring higher than described carrier wave, described the 4th signal S
14mfor high level, as described modulating wave i
mduring lower than described carrier wave, described the 4th signal S
14mfor low level;
First signal generation module, for obtaining described modulating wave i
minversion signal, more described inversion signal and described carrier wave obtain the 3rd signal S
23m, wherein, when described inversion signal is during higher than described carrier wave, described the 3rd signal S
23mfor high level, when described inversion signal is during lower than described carrier wave, described the 3rd signal S
23mfor low level;
Secondary signal generation module, for by described first signal S
1mwith described the 4th signal S
14mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of described the first power switch pipe and the 4th power switch pipe, by described secondary signal/S
1mwith described the 3rd signal S
23mcarry out and computing, generate the switching signal of the second power switch pipe and the 3rd power switch pipe.
8. according to the control device described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that, described reference current peak value determining unit comprises reference current peak value determination module;
Described reference current peak value determination module obtains the direct voltage V of described photovoltaic cell
dc, determine the reference voltage of described photovoltaic cell according to MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm, by described reference voltage and described direct voltage V
dcdifference be defined as DC reference voltage V
dcr.
9. control device according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described phase difference determining unit comprises:
Reactive power determination module, for according to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate reactive power Q;
Apparent power determination module, for according to described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αcalculate apparent power S;
Phase difference determination module, for utilizing formula
calculate described mains voltage signal V
αwith grid-connected current signal i
αbetween phase difference.
10. the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of alternating current bypass, is characterized in that, comprises the control device as described in any one in claim 6 to 9.
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