A kind of device and method that prevents ammonium hydrogen sulfate obstruction coal-burning boiler air preheater
Technical field
The invention belongs to gas denitrifying technology field, thermal power plant, be specifically related to a kind of apparatus and method that prevent ammonium hydrogen sulfate obstruction coal-burning boiler air preheater.
Background technology
Increasingly strict along with thermal power plant's pollutant emission standard, selective-catalytic-reduction denitrified (SCR) or non-selective catalytic-reduction denitrified (SNCR) becomes the requisite part of coal-burning boiler, and SCR and SNCR are all with NH
3for reducing agent, reductive NO
xbecome N
2and H
2o, unreacted NH completely in course of reaction
3form with escape ammonia is discharged with flue gas, can produce a small amount of SO3, unreacted NH in coal-fired boiler combustion process simultaneously
3and SO
3and water generation combination reaction in flue gas generates ammonium hydrogen sulfate (ABS), chemical equation is:
.Escape NH by the reaction rate of the known ammonium hydrogen sulfate of equation in main and flue-gas temperature, flue gas
3concentration, SO
3concentration and H
2o concentration is relevant.
Ammonium hydrogen sulfate presents respectively gaseous state, liquid state, graininess at different temperature.Gaseous state or graininess ammonium hydrogen sulfate can, along with smoke gas flow is through air preheater, can not exert an influence to air preheater.And liquid sulfuric acid hydrogen ammonium seizure flying dust is very competent, can combine with the fly ash particle in flue gas, be attached on air preheater heat transfer element and form the dust stratification that melts salt shape, cause the stifled ash of burn into of preheater etc., and then affect the heat exchange of preheater and the normal operation of unit.For this reason, in the planning and designing of coal-burning boiler denitrating system, can project organization and the method for operation on air preheater adjust to eliminate the impact of ammonium hydrogen sulfate on air preheater runnability, for example, to adopting enamel elements as preheater bottom heat transfer element, blow fully ash cleaning etc.
Even so, because coal-burning boiler enters NH in the change of stove coal ature of coal and the improper flue gas causing of the escaping of ammonia control
3escape concentration, SO
3concentration and H
2the variation of O concentration still can bring the formation of liquid sulfuric acid hydrogen ammonium at air preheater heat transfer element surface, and air preheater is formed and stopped up.
Experimental study shows, for coal-fired unit, in flue gas, fly ash content is higher, and ammonium hydrogen sulfate is liquid in 146 DEG C of-207 DEG C of temperature ranges, and when temperature is high, ammonium hydrogen sulfate is gaseous state, and when temperature is higher, decomposition reaction generation gas NH will occur ammonium hydrogen sulfate
3, SO
3and H
2o.Therefore adopt the method that improves air preheater heat transfer component temperature can avoid the formation of liquid sulfuric acid hydrogen ammonium on air preheater surface, thereby prevent that ammonium hydrogen sulfate from stopping up coal-burning boiler air preheater.Can realize by improving the methods such as air preheater fume side entrance flue gas temperature, raising air preheater air side intake air temperature, reduction air preheater rotating speed and improve air preheater heat transfer component temperature.
Patent of invention CN102042605 discloses the method for a kind of rotary regenerative air preheater point hot deashing of side, its technical characteristics is to utilize generating set underload at night, by primary air fan, pressure fan, the load of air-introduced machine all pours into a side, opposite side primary air fan, pressure fan, air-introduced machine is out of service, change blower fan stoppage in transit side rotary regenerative air preheater high, in, the heat transfer situation of cryogenic heat transfer element, with the controlled a small amount of hot flue gas heat transfer element of blower fan stoppage in transit side preheater import, stop a cold wind and cold Secondary Air enters the heat transfer element that rotary regenerative air preheater makes blower fan stoppage in transit side rotary regenerative air preheater and in the time of revolution, only heats not heat release simultaneously, heat transfer element temperature is elevated to near-thermal air temperature, far above ammonium hydrogen sulfate dew point, dust stratification is loose, come off, thereby realize the deashing of rotary regenerative air preheater.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of apparatus and method that prevent ammonium hydrogen sulfate obstruction coal-burning boiler air preheater.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of device that prevents ammonium hydrogen sulfate obstruction coal-burning boiler air preheater, comprise the coal-burning boiler, denitrification apparatus, air preheater, deduster and the air-introduced machine that connect in turn, described air preheater, deduster and air-introduced machine are at least respectively two, two adjacent air preheaters are provided with flue gas communicating door to the pipeline of deduster, and two adjacent dedusters are also provided with flue gas communicating door to the pipeline of air-introduced machine.
Described air preheater is all connected with pressure fan; Preferably, described air preheater is rotary regenerative air preheater or tubular air preheater.
Between described adjacent pressure fan, be provided with wind communicating door, described air preheater is rotary regenerative air preheater or tubular air preheater.
Utilize said apparatus to prevent that ammonium hydrogen sulfate from stopping up the method for coal-burning boiler air preheater, the method enters the sulfur content S in stove coal according to coal-burning boiler
ad, denitration facility exit the escaping of ammonia concentration C
slipNH3control the mass flow ratio of air preheater fume side inlet flue gas and air preheater air side intake air to β, make air preheater fume side outlet temperature rise to 210-320 DEG C and duration and be no less than h hour, open air preheater to the flue gas communicating door on the pipeline of deduster simultaneously, make deduster inlet temperature≤160 DEG C; Described described β and h are S
adand C
slipNH3function, its logical relation meets β h=kS
adc
slipNH3, k is 0.2-1200.Described S
adfor 0.5-5%(quality percentage composition), C
slipNH3for 0.5-10 μ mol/mol, β is 10-100, and h is 1-3 hour.
Realization that the mass flow ratio of described control air preheater fume side inlet flue gas and air preheater air side intake air is exerted oneself by adjusting air-introduced machine and pressure fan is exerted oneself.
Two adjacent air preheaters periodically utilize said method to prevent the processing that ammonium hydrogen sulfate stops up, that is: utilize said method to prevent that ammonium hydrogen sulfate from stopping up one of them air preheater, another air preheater is normally worked, after work a period of time, the duty of exchanging adjacent two air preheaters.
The described cycle is the interval time of adjacent two air preheater working methods, interval time >=24 hour, and the concrete cycle changes according to k value is different, and k value is larger, and the cycle is longer; K value is less, and the cycle is shorter.
Compared with prior art, the present invention can prevent that the ammonium hydrogen sulfate bringing because of denitrating flue gas from stopping up the problem of coal-burning boiler air preheater effectively, simultaneously by regulating air-introduced machine and pressure fan to exert oneself, regulate wind communicating door flue gas communicating door can farthest meet the demand of exerting oneself of boiler, by arranging and regulating flue gas communicating door can avoid flue-gas temperature to raise on the particularly impact of sack cleaner of deduster, be conducive to the normal operation of coal-burning boiler on the other hand.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this.
embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 comprise in turn the first pressure fan 1 connecting, the first outlet damper door 2, the first air preheater 3 air side, coal-burning boiler 4, denitrification apparatus 5, the first air preheater 3 fume side, the first deduster 6, the first inlet baffle door 7 and the first air-introduced machine 8, on described coal-burning boiler 4, connect the second air preheater 9 air side outlets simultaneously, the second air preheater 9 air side entrances connect the second outlet damper door 10, the second outlet damper door 10 connects the second pressure fan 11, the second air preheater 9 fume side entrances connect denitrification apparatus 5, the second air preheater 9 fume side outlets are connected with the second deduster 12 in turn, the second introduction baffle door 13 and the second air-introduced machine 14, wherein between the pipeline of the first outlet damper door 2 to first air preheater 3 air side and the pipeline of the second outlet damper door 10 to second air preheater 9 air side, be provided with wind communicating door 16, between the pipeline of the pipeline of the first air preheater 3 fume side to the first dedusters 6 and the second air preheater 9 fume side to the second dedusters 12, be provided with the first flue gas communicating door 15, between the pipeline of the pipeline of the first deduster 6 to first inlet baffle doors 7 and the second deduster 12 to second inlet baffle doors 13, be provided with the second flue gas communicating door 17.
While utilizing said apparatus to prevent that ammonium hydrogen sulfate from stopping up the processing of coal-burning boiler air preheater, enter the sulfur content S in stove coal according to coal-burning boiler
ad, denitration facility exit the escaping of ammonia concentration C
slipNH3control the mass flow ratio of the first air preheater 3 fume side inlet flue gas and air side intake air to β, make the first air preheater 3 fume side outlet temperatures reach 210-320 DEG C and maintain h hour, the second air preheater 9 is normally worked, in order to prevent the first deduster 6 inlet temperature≤160 DEG C, the first flue gas communicating door 15 is opened, made the part high-temperature gas of the first deduster 6 sides proceed to the second deduster 12 sides, prevent the too high object of the first deduster 6 inlet temperatures thereby reach; The mass flow ratio of wherein said control the first air preheater 3 fume side inlet flue gas and air side intake air is by regulating the first air-introduced machine 8, the second air-introduced machine 14 to exert oneself and the first pressure fan 1, the second pressure fan 11 are exerted oneself, and the folding of wind communicating door 16 and the second flue gas communicating door 17 realizes, behind working time>=24 hour, exchange the duty of the first air preheater 3 and the second air preheater 9, can reach and periodically prevent that ammonium hydrogen sulfate from stopping up the object of coal-burning boiler air preheater.
embodiment 2
One, certain power plant is provided with the coal-burning boiler of SCR equipment for denitrifying flue gas, and capacity is 300MW, and its structural representation as shown in Figure 1.Coal-burning boiler enters sulfur content 1.0%, the denitration outlet the escaping of ammonia concentration 2.0mg/m in stove coal
3(2.667 μ mol/mol), this coal-burning boiler is by regulating the first air-introduced machine 8, the second air-introduced machine 14 to exert oneself and the first pressure fan 1, the second pressure fan 11 are exerted oneself, and the folding control first air preheater 3 fume side inlet flue gas flows of wind communicating door 16 and the second flue gas communicating door 17 and the mass flow ratio of air side intake air increase to more than 5, make the first air preheater 3 fume side outlet temperatures reach 280-300 DEG C and 4 hours duration.After 24 hours working times, exchange the duty of the first air preheater 3 and the second air preheater 9, can reach and periodically prevent that ammonium hydrogen sulfate from stopping up the object of coal-burning boiler air preheater.