CN104024596B - 排气净化装置 - Google Patents

排气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN104024596B
CN104024596B CN201280065017.4A CN201280065017A CN104024596B CN 104024596 B CN104024596 B CN 104024596B CN 201280065017 A CN201280065017 A CN 201280065017A CN 104024596 B CN104024596 B CN 104024596B
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CN104024596A (zh
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木村昌裕
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Hino Motors Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B01F25/103—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components with additional mixing means other than vortex mixers, e.g. the vortex chamber being positioned in another mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
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    • B01F2025/931—Flow guiding elements surrounding feed openings, e.g. jet nozzles
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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Abstract

一种排气净化装置，用于对在发动机的排气流路中流动的废气进行净化，具备：翅片，设置在排气流路中，以产生回旋流的方式对废气进行引导；及喷射装置，向废气的回旋流中喷射还原剂。翅片以包围还原剂的喷射区域的方式朝向还原剂的喷射方向下游侧扩开。

Description

排气净化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及排气净化装置。
背景技术
以往，作为用于对在发动机的排气流路中流动的废气进行净化的排气净化装置，已知有例如专利文献1记载的结构。该专利文献1记载的排气净化装置具备向废气中喷射尿素水(还原剂)的喷射喷嘴(喷射装置)，利用由尿素水的喷射而生成的氨对废气的NOx进行还原、净化。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2009-150338号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
在此，在上述的排气净化装置中，为了得到良好的还原反应而促进还原剂的扩散，有时利用翅片对废气进行引导而使废气产生回旋流。然而，这种情况下，因废气的流动而还原剂附着于翅片、排气流路的内壁面，存在还原剂的扩散未充分进行的可能性。尤其是在废气为低流量时，产生的回旋流弱，因此上述可能性变得明显。
本发明的一方面鉴于上述实际情况而作出，课题在于提供一种能够充分地进行还原剂的扩散的排气净化装置。
用于解决课题的方案
为了解决上述课题，本发明的一方面的排气净化装置用于对在发动机的排气流路中流动的废气进行净化，其中，所述排气净化装置具备：翅片，设置在排气流路中，以产生回旋流的方式对废气进行引导；及喷射装置，向废气的回旋流中喷射还原剂，翅片以包围还原剂的喷射区域的方式朝向还原剂的喷射方向下游侧扩开。
在该排气净化装置中，利用翅片使废气产生回旋流而能够将还原剂扩散。此外，利用该翅片能够抑制废气直接进入还原剂的喷射区域的情况，因此能够防止所喷射的还原剂因废气的流动而流动并附着在翅片、排气流路的内壁面上的情况。因此，能够充分地进行还原剂的扩散。
另外，也可以是，排气流路具有将喷射区域包围在内的筒状的壁部，在壁部设置有使废气向内部流入的流入口，翅片以进入壁部内的方式设置于流入口。
此时，也可以是，流入口设置有多个，翅片在多个流入口分别设置。
另外，也可以是，翅片具有在还原剂的喷射方向观察下向喷射区域侧弯曲的截面，并且该截面的弯曲程度随着向还原剂的喷射方向下游侧行进而减小。
发明效果
根据本发明，能够充分地进行还原剂的扩散。
附图说明
图1是表示一实施方式的排气净化装置的概略结构的图。
图2中，(a)是表示图1的排气净化装置的主要部分的放大图，(b)是图1的排气净化装置的主要部分的从图2(a)的II-II向视线观察到的立体图。
图3是用于说明图1的排气净化装置的概略图。
图4中，(a)是表示图1的排气净化装置的翅片的变形例的立体图，(b)是表示图1的排气净化装置的翅片的变形例的主视图，(c)是沿着图4(b)的IV-IV向视线的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下，关于本发明的优选的实施方式，参照附图，详细地进行说明。需要说明的是，在以下的说明中，对于同一或相当要素标注同一标号，省略重复的说明。
图1是表示一实施方式的排气净化装置的概略结构的图。如图1所示，本实施方式的排气净化装置10例如在卡车等车辆中，对从柴油发动机等发动机排出的废气(以下，仅称为“废气”)进行净化。该排气净化装置10搭载在废气流通的排气流路1上，具备DOC(DieselOxidation Catalyst：柴油机氧化催化剂)11、DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter：柴油机微粒过滤器)12、喷射装置13及SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction：选择性催化还原)14。
排气流路1至少由第一壳体2、管(壁部)3及第二壳体4划成。在排气流路1中，第一壳体2、管3及第二壳体4从上游侧至下游侧依次配置。第一及第二壳体2、4以与废气的流动相互大致平行的方式并列配置。管3将第一壳体2的下游侧与第二壳体4的上游侧连结。该管3在与第一壳体2的长度方向大致正交的方向上笔直延伸之后，向第二壳体4的上游侧弯曲延伸。
DOC11对废气中的未燃燃料部分进行氧化处理，配置在第一壳体2内的上游侧。DPF12捕集通过了DOC11的废气中的微粒(粒子状物质)，在第一壳体2内配置在DOC11的下游侧。
喷射装置13对于刚通过DPF12之后的废气，喷射并添加还原剂。在此的喷射装置13喷射尿素水作为还原剂，由此产生下式(1)所示的热分解反应及加水分解反应，生成氨。
(NH2)2CO→NH3+HNCO(热分解反应)
HNCO+H2O→NH3+CO2(加水分解反应)…(1)
SCR14利用所添加的还原剂使废气中的NOx选择性地发生还原反应，对废气进行净化。该SCR14配置在第二壳体4内。在此的SCR14使用生成的氨产生下式(2)所示的还原反应，选择性地对NOx进行还原净化。需要说明的是，在第二壳体4的后段设有对剩余的氨进行氧化处理的氨减少催化剂(未图示)。
4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O(标准)
6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O(慢)…(2)
NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O(快)
接下来，关于上述的排气净化装置10的主要部分，使用图2及图3详细地进行说明。
图2(a)是表示图1的排气净化装置的主要部分的放大图。图2(b)是图1的排气净化装置的主要部分的从图2(a)的II-II向视线观察到的立体图。图3是用于说明图1的排气净化装置的概略图。如图2及图3所示，管3的上游侧内插于第一壳体2的DPF12的下游侧。该管3的上游侧以使废气的流动与第一壳体2大致正交的方式延伸。而且，管3的上游侧的开口端由第一壳体2的壁面闭塞。
在该管3的上游侧端部安装有上述喷射装置13，以沿着该管3的延伸方向喷射还原剂。喷射装置13向管3内喷射还原剂。换言之，管3将从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂的喷射区域A包围在内。这里的喷射装置13的喷嘴13a位于管3的中心轴上，以管3的中心轴位置为基点朝向下游侧喷射还原剂。
在管3的外周面的上游侧设有使废气向内部流入的流入口15。流入口15是将管3的内外贯通的矩形形状的贯通孔。该流入口15在管3的外周面上的DPF12侧和DPF12的相反侧以彼此相对的方式形成一对。
在此，如图2(b)所示，本实施方式的排气净化装置10作为使还原剂与废气混合而气化的混合器结构，具备翅片16。翅片16是以产生回旋流的方式对废气进行引导的引导板。翅片16以进入管3内的方式安装于各流入口15。具体而言，翅片16呈平滑地弯曲的曲板形状，其基端侧与流入口15连结，且以随着向前端侧行进而进入管3内的方式弯曲延伸。
另外，就该翅片16而言，以包围还原剂的喷射区域A的方式朝向还原剂的喷射方向(管3的轴向)的下游侧扩开。换言之，翅片16在喷射区域A外以包围该喷射区域A的方式三维地弯曲。具体而言，翅片16具有在喷射装置13的喷射方向观察下向喷射区域A侧弯曲的截面，并且该截面的弯曲程度随着向喷射方向的下游侧行进而减小。即，翅片16的周向一端侧的前端缘E随着向喷射方向下游侧行进而在管3内平滑地向外侧扩展。
需要说明的是，喷射区域A是具有以喷射装置13为顶点的大致圆锥形状的轮廓。该喷射区域A例如基于从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂的喷射角等而能够几何学性地求出。
在如以上那样构成的排气净化装置10中，如图1所示，首先在第一壳体2内，来自发动机的废气由DOC11氧化处理之后，废气中的微粒由DPF12捕集。并且，如图3所示，废气在刚通过DPF12之后，经由流入口15向管3内流入，以由管3折弯成大致直角的方式流动。
从该流入口15流入的废气如图2(b)、图3所示，由翅片16引导其流动，以从切线方向绕着管3的中心轴卷绕的方式流动。由此，在管3内，绕中心轴产生回旋流。并且，从喷射装置13向废气的回旋流中喷射添加还原剂，通过热分解反应及加水分解反应而生成氨。
此时，如上述那样，翅片16以包围喷射区域A的方式扩开，因此抑制废气向喷射区域A的直接进入，抑制所喷射的还原剂因废气的流动而流动的情况。其结果是，所喷射的还原剂良好地保持该喷射区域A的形状，不会附着于翅片16、管3的内壁面而雾化(微粒化)，与废气充分地混合。
然后，含有氨的废气如图1所示向第二壳体4流入，废气中的NOx由SCR14选择性地还原而被净化。然后，废气向后段的氨减少催化剂供给。
以上，根据本实施方式，不仅能够利用翅片16使废气产生回旋流而能够将还原剂扩散，而且利用该翅片16能够抑制废气直接进入喷射区域A的情况。因此，能够防止还原剂因废气的流动而流动并附着于翅片16、管3的内壁面的情况。因此，根据本实施方式，能够充分地进行还原剂的扩散。
另外，在本实施方式中，如上述那样，排气流路1具有将喷射区域A包围在内的筒状的管3，翅片16以进入该管3内的方式设置于管3的流入口15。由此，利用管3也能够抑制因废气的流动而还原剂流动的情况。其结果是，能够进一步防止还原剂附着于翅片16、管3的内壁面的情况，能够更充分地进行还原剂的扩散。
即，排气流路具有将喷射区域包围在内的筒状的壁部，在壁部设有使废气向内部流入的流入口，翅片优选以进入壁部内的方式设于流入口，这种情况下，利用壁部也能够抑制因废气的流动而还原剂流动的情况。其结果是，能够进一步防止还原剂附着于翅片、排气流路的内壁面的情况，能够更充分地进行还原剂的扩散。
另外，在本实施方式中，如上述那样，具有翅片16的流入口15在管3设置多个，因此能够减少废气的压力(排压)。即，优选流入口设置多个，且翅片在多个流入口分别设置，这种情况下，能够良好地减少废气的压力。而且，在本实施方式中，如上述那样能够防止还原剂相对于翅片16、管3的内壁面的附着，因此也能够抑制该翅片16、管3因还原剂腐蚀的情况。
以上，说明了本发明的一方面的实施方式，本发明并不局限于上述实施方式，也可以在不变更各权利要求记载的主旨的范围内变形或者应用于其他的方式。
例如，在上述实施方式中，对于在排气流路1中向以直角地折弯的方式流动的管3内喷射还原剂的排气净化装置10，应用了本发明的一方面。然而，本发明的一方面没有限定于此，例如，在向相对于排气流路1的流动而倾斜的方向喷射还原剂的排气净化装置中也可以应用。
另外，在上述实施方式中，将翅片16设于管3的流入口15，但没有限定于此，只要以包围喷射区域A的方式设置在排气流路1内即可。而且，在上述实施方式中，在管3设有两个流入口15，但也可以仅设置1个流入口15，还可以设置3个以上的流入口15。同样，关于翅片16，也可以仅设置1个，还可以设置3个以上。
另外，在上述实施方式中，作为车辆而例示了卡车，但也可以是例如公共汽车、拖拉机或其他的车辆。需要说明的是，在上述中，“大致”的语言是指容许制造上或设计上的误差。
另外，本发明的一方面的翅片的形状没有限定为上述实施方式，只要以包围喷射区域A的方式朝向还原剂的喷射方向下游侧扩开即可。例如，也可以取代上述翅片16而具备图4例示的翅片16A。翅片16A呈包围喷射区域A的圆锥状的筒形状。在该翅片16A的周面上，作为用于产生回旋流的结构，形成有多个狭缝等开口22和以向内侧弯曲的方式设于开口22的引导叶片23。
需要说明的是，在图4的例子中，将翅片16A的形状形成为圆锥状，但也可以形成为圆锥台状、多角锥状、多角锥台状、或这些形状的组合形状，此外，也可以形成为仅由这些形状的一部分构成的形状。而且，关于开口22的形状，并未限定为图示的例子，也可以是绕翅片16A的轴呈螺旋状地延伸的形状。而且，也有时不设置引导叶片23。
工业实用性
根据本发明的一方面，能够充分地进行还原剂的扩散。
标号说明
1…排气流路，3…管(壁部)，10…排气净化装置，13…喷射装置，15…流入口，16、16A…翅片，A…喷射区域。

Claims (3)

1.一种排气净化装置，用于对在发动机的排气流路中流动的废气进行净化，其中，
所述排气净化装置具备：
翅片，设置在构成所述排气流路的筒状的壁部，以产生回旋流的方式对所述废气进行引导，所述翅片呈以随着向其前端侧行进而进入壁部的内部的方式平滑地弯曲延伸的曲板形状；及
喷射装置，向所述废气的所述回旋流中沿着所述壁部的轴向喷射还原剂，
所述还原剂的喷射区域具有以所述喷射装置为顶点的圆锥形状，
所述翅片以包围所述还原剂的喷射区域的方式朝向所述还原剂的喷射方向下游侧扩开，
所述翅片具有在所述还原剂的喷射方向观察下向所述喷射区域侧弯曲的截面，并且该截面的弯曲程度随着向所述还原剂的喷射方向下游侧行进而减小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气净化装置，其中，
所述壁部将所述喷射区域包围在内，
所述排气流路具有将所述喷射区域包围在内的筒状的壁部，
在所述壁部设置有使所述废气向内部流入的流入口，
所述翅片以进入所述壁部内的方式设置于所述流入口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的排气净化装置，其中，
所述流入口设置有多个，
所述翅片在多个所述流入口分别设置。
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