CN104016909A - 一种2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN104016909A
CN104016909A CN201410131639.3A CN201410131639A CN104016909A CN 104016909 A CN104016909 A CN 104016909A CN 201410131639 A CN201410131639 A CN 201410131639A CN 104016909 A CN104016909 A CN 104016909A
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chloropyridine
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CN104016909B (zh
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付锐
曹惊涛
来新胜
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Shaanxi Youbang Biomedical Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Dingyao County You Bang Chemical Co Ltd
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/72Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D213/73Unsubstituted amino or imino radicals

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Abstract

本发明属于有机合成领域,具体涉及一种2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法。包括以下步骤:以2-氨基-5-氯吡啶和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺为原料,二者物质的量之比为1:0.4-4,在适当的溶剂中,在1-100℃反应0.5-24个小时生成2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶粗品,经提纯后的纯品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶。本发明的原料比较易得,价格合理,同时制备反应中没有使用重金属和腐蚀性气体,反应温和,对反映设备没有特殊的要求,普通的耐腐蚀设备即可生产,另外本发明反应条件适中,反应易于控制,产品纯度高等等优势条件,此工艺易于推广。

Description

一种2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法
(一)        技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,具体涉及一种2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法。
(二)        背景技术
2-氨基-3,5二氯吡啶 2-氨基-3,5二氯吡啶是有机合成的重要中间体,主要用于医药中间体,有机合成,有机溶剂,也可应用于染料生产、农药生产及香料等方面。
现有的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的制备存在以下缺点:
(1)副产物较多,导致产品的色泽较深,难以精制提纯。虽然可以用有机溶剂多次重结晶,但品质仍然无法满足高要求,而且反复结晶导致产品收率低,成本增加,操作繁琐;
(2) 所使用的化学还原法对设备的腐蚀和环境的污染都十分严重,目前已限制开发;
(3) 原料来源有限,价格昂贵,且操作较为麻烦;
(4)需要使用贵金属催化剂,增加了制备成本。
上述问题均需要改进。
(三)        发明内容
    本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,该合成方法操作简单、产率高,适用于实验室及工业化生产。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的: 
一种2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,其特殊之处在于:包括以下步骤:
以2-氨基-5-氯吡啶和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺为原料,二者物质的量之比为1:0.4-4,在适当的溶剂中,在1-100℃反应0.5-24个小时生成2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶粗品,经提纯后的纯品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶。
本发明的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,反应物与溶剂的投料量为:m2-氨基-5-氯吡啶:m溶剂=1:1.5-4.5,为重量之比。
本发明的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,溶剂为叔丁醇与乙醇,甲醇,乙酸乙酯,丙醇,异丙醇,DMF中的一种或两种。
本发明的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,提纯步骤包括蒸发浓缩、重结晶或硅胶柱层析分离。
本发明的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,重结晶的溶剂为乙酸乙酯,乙醇,二氯甲烷,正己烷中的一种或两种物质。
本发明的有益效果:本发明的原料比较易得,价格合理,同时制备反应中没有使用重金属和腐蚀性气体,反应温和,对反映设备没有特殊的要求,普通的耐腐蚀设备即可生产,另外本发明反应条件适中,反应易于控制,产品纯度高等等优势条件,此工艺易于推广。
(四)        具体实施方式
实施例1:
在一50ml的圆底单口烧瓶中加入无水乙醇溶剂14.5ml,***温度计,开动磁力搅拌器,并加入2.56g的2-氨基-5-氯吡啶,加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺1.6g,在20℃搅拌下反应6.5小时。TLC和GC确定反应完成。旋蒸除去溶剂,得到粗产品,用硅胶柱层析分离得到纯产品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶,干燥后,计算收率65.1%,纯度99.50%(GC)。核磁共振分析:1HMR(CDCl3)400MHz: δ7.98(s,1H);δ7.66(s,1H);δ4.96(bs,2H)。熔点83℃-85℃(文献82℃-83℃)。
实施例2
在一1L的圆底单口烧瓶中加入DMF与乙醇的体积比为1:1.1的混合溶剂420ml,***温度计开动磁力搅拌器,并加入110.3g的2-氨基-5-氯吡啶,N-溴代二酰亚胺229.4g,在5℃搅拌下反应9小时。TLC和GC确定反应完成。旋蒸除去溶剂,得到粗产品,用二氯甲烷重结晶得到纯产品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶,干燥后,计算收率56.3%,纯度97.40%(GC)。熔点82℃-84℃(文献82℃-83℃)。
实施例3
在一10L的圆底三口烧瓶中加入DMF与乙醇的体积比为1:1.5的混合溶剂4500ml ,***温度计和安装冷凝回流装置,开动磁力搅拌器,并加入1580.6g的2-氨基-5-氯吡啶,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺5673.1g,在55℃搅拌反应5.5小时。TLC和GC确定反应完成。旋蒸除去溶剂,得到粗产品,用乙酸乙酯重结晶得到纯产品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶,干燥后,计算收率64.3%,纯度97.20%(GC)。熔点82℃-84℃(文献82℃-83℃)。
实施例4
在一50L的圆底三口烧瓶中加入DMF与乙醇的体积比为1:1.8的混合溶剂18.7L ,***温度计和安装冷凝回流装置,开动磁力搅拌器,并加入4986.6g的2-氨基-5-氯吡啶,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺17336.3g,在85℃搅拌下反应3.5小时。TLC和GC确定反应完成。旋蒸除去溶剂,得到粗产品,用正己烷重结晶得到纯产品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶,干燥后,计算收率70.4%,纯度99.15%(GC)。熔点82℃-85℃(文献82℃-83℃)。
实施例5
在一50ml的圆底单口烧瓶中加入叔丁醇溶剂5ml,***温度计,开动磁力搅拌器,并加入2.56g的2-氨基-5-氯吡啶,加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺1.5g,在1℃搅拌下反应24小时。TLC和GC确定反应完成。旋蒸除去溶剂,得到粗产品,用硅胶柱层析分离得到纯产品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶,干燥后,计算收率65.0%,纯度99.50%(GC)。核磁共振分析:1HMR(CDCl3)400MHz: δ7.97(s,1H);δ7.66(s,1H);δ4.96(bs,2H)。熔点83℃-85℃(文献82℃-83℃)。
实施例6
在一1L的圆底单口烧瓶中加入甲醇溶剂420ml ,***温度计,开动磁力搅拌器,并加入128. 6g的2-氨基-5-氯吡啶,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺434. 8g,在100℃搅拌下反应0.5小时。TLC和GC确定反应完成。旋蒸除去溶剂,得到粗产品,用乙醇重结晶得到纯产品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶,干燥后,计算收率56.1%,纯度97.38%(GC)。熔点82℃-84℃(文献82℃-83℃)。
实施例7
溶剂为乙酸乙酯10ml,用硅胶柱层析分离得到纯产品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶,干燥后,计算收率65.1%,纯度99.52%(GC)。核磁共振分析:1HMR(CDCl3)400MHz: δ7.98(s,1H);δ7.65(s,1H);δ4.96(bs,2H)。熔点83℃-85℃(文献82℃-83℃) ,其他步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例8
溶剂为丙醇10ml,旋蒸除去溶剂,得到粗产品,用乙酸乙酯、乙醇重结晶得到纯产品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶,干燥后,计算收率64.3%,纯度97.20%(GC)。熔点82℃-84℃(文献82℃-83℃),其他步骤与实施例1相同。
反应温度可降至0℃。
 上述实施例中,溶剂为叔丁醇与乙醇,甲醇,乙酸乙酯,丙醇,异丙醇,DMF中的一种或两种。重结晶溶剂为乙酸乙酯,乙醇,二氯甲烷,正己烷中的一种或两种。

Claims (5)

1.一种2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
以2-氨基-5-氯吡啶和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺为原料,二者物质的量之比为1:0.4-4,在适当的溶剂中,在1-100℃反应0.5-24个小时生成2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶粗品,经提纯后的纯品2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,其特征在于:反应物与溶剂的投料量为:m2-氨基-5-氯吡啶:m溶剂=1:1.5-4.5,为重量之比。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,其特征在于:溶剂为叔丁醇与乙醇,甲醇,乙酸乙酯,丙醇,异丙醇,DMF中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,其特征在于:提纯步骤包括蒸发浓缩、重结晶或硅胶柱层析分离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的2-氨基-3-溴-5-氯吡啶的合成方法,其特征在于:重结晶的溶剂为乙酸乙酯,乙醇,二氯甲烷,正己烷中的一种或两种物质。
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