CN103999752B - A kind of method of utilizing renewable substrate culture Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium - Google Patents
A kind of method of utilizing renewable substrate culture Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium Download PDFInfo
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- CN103999752B CN103999752B CN201410254719.8A CN201410254719A CN103999752B CN 103999752 B CN103999752 B CN 103999752B CN 201410254719 A CN201410254719 A CN 201410254719A CN 103999752 B CN103999752 B CN 103999752B
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- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing renewable substrate culture Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, belong to plant cultivation media technical field, it comprises the following component according to volume parts meter: 3～5 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 1 ~ 3 part of maize straw fermentate, 1 ~ 3 part of fertile soil, 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of bog soil, 0.5 ~ 1 part, diatomite, 0.05 ~ 0.2 part of sphagna, 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of fern root; Described maize straw fermentate is that maize straw is cut into 5 ~ 7cm segment, surface coverage film carries out heap fermentation, stirred one time every 4 ~ 5 days, heap fermentation, to all becoming rot shape and pitchy and during without bad smell, obtains maize straw fermentate. The mixing of cultivation matrix different proportion of the present invention has met the needed correlated condition of growth of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium dramatically. Adopt the Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium plant of this substrate culture sturdy, cane is thick, makes to a certain extent the florescence of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium be extended, and has improved the ornamental value of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation media technical field, especially relate to a kind of cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium and use the cultural method of this cultivation matrix.
Background technology
Chrysanthemum is composite family Chrysanthemum herbaceos perennial. Stem is upright, and branch or not branch, by pubescence. Leaf is avette to lanceolar, and pinniform is shallow to be split or partly split, and has short handle, and adaxial surface of the leaf is by white pubescence. Capitulum, not of uniform size. Phyllary multilayer, outer outside is by pubescence. Ligulate flower color is various. Tubular flower yellow. Chrysanthemum short-day plant, can early flowering under short-day. Happiness is nice and cool, more cold-resistant, 18～21 DEG C of growth thermophilics, and underground rhizome is drought-enduring, avoids long-pending waterlogging most, and happiness high-land, soil layer be deep, be rich in humus, loose fertile, well-drained soil. All can grow to alkalescence soil in subacidity. Although chrysanthemum plantation is relatively easy, and cultivation matrix is had to certain requirement, conventional substrate culture chrysanthemum plant is out short and small, pattern dimness, and flowering rate is not high, affects ornamental quality.
Current widely used matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses, and this kind of matrix belongs to non-renewable resources, limited amount and expensive, planting cost is increased greatly, in addition, by heavy damage environmental resource, be unfavorable for the sustainable development of the industry of flowers and plants for a large amount of exploitations of peat composed of rotten mosses matrix. Therefore how overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art is problems that current plant cultivation media technical field is needed solution badly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and ensure that plant is sturdy, blade is numerous green, make Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium see the cultivation matrix of flower longer blooming period and use the cultural method of this cultivation matrix.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A cultivation matrix for renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the following component according to volume parts meter:
3～5 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 1 ~ 3 part of maize straw fermentate, 1 ~ 3 part of fertile soil, 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of bog soil, 0.5 ~ 1 part, diatomite, 0.05 ~ 0.2 part of sphagna, 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of fern root;
Described maize straw fermentate is that maize straw is cut into 5 ~ 7cm segment, surface coverage film carries out heap fermentation, stirred one time every 4 ~ 5 days, heap fermentation, to all becoming rot shape and pitchy and during without bad smell, obtains maize straw fermentate.
Further, the preferably cultivation matrix of described renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the following component according to volume parts meter:
3 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 2 parts of maize straw fermentates, 2 parts of fertile soil, 0.3 part of bog soil, 0.8 part, diatomite, 0.15 part of sphagna, 0.12 part of fern root;
Described maize straw fermentate is that maize straw is cut into 5 ~ 7cm segment, surface coverage film carries out heap fermentation, stirred one time every 4 ~ 5 days, heap fermentation, to all becoming rot shape and pitchy and during without bad smell, obtains maize straw fermentate.
The present invention also provides a kind of cultural method of the cultivation matrix that uses above-mentioned renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the steps:
Step (1), by coconut palm chaff and maize straw fermentate water saturates, filters after fertile soil is soaked in water 15 ~ 30 minutes; Then the coconut palm chaff of above-mentioned processing, maize straw fermentate and fertile soil are mixed with bog soil, diatomite, sphagna, fern root, be stirred to and mix, obtain the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium;
Step (2), through taking out after 6～14 days 1～3 DEG C of refrigeration, in the cultivation bed of the renewable cultivation matrix that field planting makes in step (1), cultivates Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium seedling after field planting, when cultivation, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 20～28 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 65～75%; In the course of cultivation, how once to fill with Shi Duomei every 7 days; Used one time pesticide azacyclotin every 7 days; Used the mixed liquor of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin every 7 days; Described many beautiful many, pesticides and the bactericide used used respectively in different days.
Use in the course of cultivation many U.S. many 1200 times of liquid; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; Bactericide is mixed and is formed by 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of Bravo and agricultural streptomycin.
Described cultivation bed is long is 24m, and wide is 1m.
Coconut palm health matrix is bought in Holland, is Jiffy company import matrix, is well-formed's compression coconut palm health, and coconut palm chaff unit weight is between 0.10～0.25g/cm3Between, there is good pore structure (TP >=80%), and stronger water holding capacity (WFP > 70%), performance is similar to peat. The cation exchange capacity value scope of coconut palm chaff, between 32.40～55.00mol/hg, has stronger physical and chemical adsorption ability, has ensured the Optimality of coconut palm furfuryl group matter. EC value scope is between 1.30～3.60ms/cm. Coconut palm chaff natural mode is acid, and pH is between 4.40～5.90. Its value scope of coconut palm chaff content of ashes is between 5.90～30.00.
The feature of coconut palm chaff for cultivating plant:
(1) good water-retaining property: can fully keep moisture and nutrient, reduce the loss of moisture and nutrient, be conducive to root system of plant and well absorb nutrient and moisture in growth course, promote the growth of plant.
(2) good gas permeability: prevent the root system corrosion of plant, promote plant root growth, can soil protection, avoid causing sliming.
(3) there is natural decomposition rate slowly, be conducive to extend the operating period of matrix.
Maize straw, for self-control matrix, is cut into 5 ~ 7cm segment by maize straw, and surface coverage film carries out heap fermentation, stirs one time every 4 ~ 5 days, and heap fermentation to each raw material all become rot shape and pitchy and can use during without bad smell.
One deck mixture that fertile soil is made up of the plant material rotting and all kinds of organic waste (more than kitchen), fertile soil is that the residual leaf of the deadwood of topsoil trees in forest is through forming after putrid fermentation over a long time. Fertile soil, through meticulously screening, screens out too thick or meticulous waste material, chooses wherein the part after complete fermentation, then passes through high temperature distillation, application after disinfection. Fertile soil used in the present invention is by being bought on the market. Fertile soil, before use, is soaked in water, and can play the effect of filtration, removes impurity, brings into play its nutritive peculiarity.
In the present invention, many U.S.As mostly are commercially available prod, and the formula of its announcement is as follows:
| Title | Percentage | Title | Percentage |
| Full nitrogen (N) | 15% | Boron (B) | 0.2% |
| Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N） | 8.84% | Iron (Fe)-chelating state | 0.1% |
| Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) | 2.85% | Manganese (Mn)-chelating state | 0.1% |
| Urea state nitrogen (Urea-N) | 3.31% | Zinc (Zn)-chelating state | 0.1% |
| Water-soluble phosphorus (P2O5) | 15% | Copper (Cu)-chelating state | 0.02% |
| Little dissolubility potassium (K2O) | 30% | Molybdenum (Mo)-chelating state | 0.002% |
Use in the course of cultivation how U.S. multi-method for add continuous fertilization in irrigation water at every turn, dilute 1200 times; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin mix, the time of rich water, pesticide and bactericide need stagger, and for example first day fertilising, sprays pesticide for second day, within the 3rd day, play bactericide, heavy again the rest may be inferred repeats fertilising laxative interval 7 days afterwards.
Coconut palm chaff, maize straw etc. are renewable matrix. Coconut palm chaff is cocoanut husk fiber dust, coconut accessory substance or the discarded object after processing, it is the organic medium of a kind of pure natural under coming off from cocoanut husk fiber process process, be very suitable for cultivating plant through processing coconut palm chaff after treatment, coconut palm chaff is through overcompression, storage area is little, is easy to transport, greatly reduces carrying cost. Maize straw is agriculture thing discarded object, maize straw burnt as main taking field Buddhist in the past, environment is caused to huge pollution, but, maize straw can be used as matrix and uses after pulverizing fermentative degradation, for growing seedlings or cultivating, has also saved widely peat composed of rotten mosses resource, this technology turns waste into wealth, and has reduced environmental pollution. Adopt the substitute as peat composed of rotten mosses matrix in Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cultivation such as coconut palm chaff, maize straw; effectively reduce the cost of cultivation matrix; be conducive to the sustainable development of chrysanthemum soilless culture industry; simultaneously; promote using and promoting of renewable matrix, realized protection and sustainable use to environmental resource.
Compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:(1) mixing of cultivation matrix different proportion of the present invention has met the needed correlated condition of growth of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium dramatically; (2) adopt the Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium plant of this substrate culture sturdy, cane is thick, makes to a certain extent the florescence of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium be extended, and has improved the ornamental value of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium; (3) simultaneously, the coconut palm health in matrix of the present invention, maize straw are crop wastes, are renewable matrix, to reducing production costs, reduce environmental pollution and all have immeasurable effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
This experiment is divided into invention group and control group, processes 300 strain Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifoliums for every group.
Embodiment 1
A cultivation matrix for renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the following component according to volume parts meter:
5 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 3 parts of maize straw fermentates, 3 parts of fertile soil, 0.5 part of bog soil, 1 part, diatomite, 0.2 part of sphagna, 0.2 part of fern root;
The present embodiment uses the cultural method of the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the steps:
Step (1), by coconut palm chaff and maize straw fermentate water saturates, filters after fertile soil is soaked in water 15 minutes; Then the coconut palm chaff of above-mentioned processing, maize straw fermentate and fertile soil are mixed with bog soil, diatomite, sphagna, fern root, be stirred to and mix, obtain the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium;
Step (2), by Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium seedling through 3 DEG C refrigeration 14 days after take out, in the cultivation bed of the renewable cultivation matrix that field planting makes in step (1), described cultivation bed is long is 24m, and wide is 1m, after field planting, cultivates, when cultivation, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 28 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 75%; In the course of cultivation, how once to fill with Shi Duomei every 7 days; Used one time pesticide azacyclotin every 7 days; Used the mixed liquor of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin every 7 days; Described many beautiful many, pesticides and the bactericide used used respectively in different days; Use in the course of cultivation many U.S. many 1200 times of liquid; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; Bactericide is mixed and is formed by 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of Bravo and agricultural streptomycin.
Embodiment 2
A cultivation matrix for renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the following component according to volume parts meter:
3 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 1 part of maize straw fermentate, 1 part of fertile soil, 0.1 part of bog soil, 0.5 part, diatomite, 0.05 part of sphagna, 0.1 part of fern root;
The present embodiment uses the cultural method of the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the steps:
Step (1), by coconut palm chaff and maize straw fermentate water saturates, filters after fertile soil is soaked in water 30 minutes; Then the coconut palm chaff of above-mentioned processing, maize straw fermentate and fertile soil are mixed with bog soil, diatomite, sphagna, fern root, be stirred to and mix, obtain the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium;
Step (2), by Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium seedling through 1 DEG C refrigeration 6 days after take out, in the cultivation bed of the renewable cultivation matrix that field planting makes in step (1), described cultivation bed is long is 24m, and wide is 1m, after field planting, cultivates, when cultivation, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 20 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 65%; In the course of cultivation, how once to fill with Shi Duomei every 7 days; Used one time pesticide azacyclotin every 7 days; Used the mixed liquor of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin every 7 days; Described many beautiful many, pesticides and the bactericide used used respectively in different days; Use in the course of cultivation many U.S. many 1200 times of liquid; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; Bactericide is mixed and is formed by 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of Bravo and agricultural streptomycin.
Embodiment 3
A cultivation matrix for renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the following component according to volume parts meter:
3 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 2 parts of maize straw fermentates, 2 parts of fertile soil, 0.3 part of bog soil, 0.8 part, diatomite, 0.15 part of sphagna, 0.12 part of fern root;
The present embodiment uses the cultural method of the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, comprises the steps:
Step (1), by coconut palm chaff and maize straw fermentate water saturates, filters after fertile soil is soaked in water 20 minutes; Then the coconut palm chaff of above-mentioned processing, maize straw fermentate and fertile soil are mixed with bog soil, diatomite, sphagna, fern root, be stirred to and mix, obtain the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium;
Step (2), by Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium seedling through 2 DEG C refrigeration 10 days after take out, in the cultivation bed of the renewable cultivation matrix that field planting makes in step (1), described cultivation bed is long is 24m, and wide is 1m, after field planting, cultivates, when cultivation, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 70%; In the course of cultivation, how once to fill with Shi Duomei every 7 days; Used one time pesticide azacyclotin every 7 days; Used the mixed liquor of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin every 7 days; Described many beautiful many, pesticides and the bactericide used used respectively in different days; Use in the course of cultivation many U.S. many 1200 times of liquid; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; Bactericide is mixed and is formed by 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of Bravo and agricultural streptomycin.
Control Example 1
The present embodiment adopts common garden mould.
The cultural method of the present embodiment be by Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium seedling through 3 DEG C refrigeration 14 days after take out, field planting is in the cultivation bed of common garden mould cultivation matrix, described cultivation bed is long is 24m, wide is 1m, after field planting, cultivate, when cultivation, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 28 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 75%; In the course of cultivation, how once to fill with Shi Duomei every 7 days; Used one time pesticide azacyclotin every 7 days; Used the mixed liquor of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin every 7 days; Described many beautiful many, pesticides and the bactericide used used respectively in different days; Use in the course of cultivation many U.S. many 1200 times of liquid; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; Bactericide is mixed and is formed by 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of Bravo and agricultural streptomycin.
Control Example 2
The present embodiment adopts common garden mould.
The cultural method of the present embodiment be by Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium seedling through 1 DEG C refrigeration 6 days after take out, field planting is in the cultivation bed of common garden mould cultivation matrix, described cultivation bed is long is 24m, wide is 1m, after field planting, cultivate, when cultivation, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 20 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 65%; In the course of cultivation, how once to fill with Shi Duomei every 7 days; Used one time pesticide azacyclotin every 7 days; Used the mixed liquor of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin every 7 days; Described many beautiful many, pesticides and the bactericide used used respectively in different days; Use in the course of cultivation many U.S. many 1200 times of liquid; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; Bactericide is mixed and is formed by 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of Bravo and agricultural streptomycin.
Control Example 3
The present embodiment adopts common garden mould.
The cultural method of the present embodiment be by Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium seedling through 2 DEG C refrigeration 10 days after take out, field planting is in the cultivation bed of common garden mould cultivation matrix, described cultivation bed is long is 24m, wide is 1m, after field planting, cultivate, when cultivation, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 70%; In the course of cultivation, how once to fill with Shi Duomei every 7 days; Used one time pesticide azacyclotin every 7 days; Used the mixed liquor of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin every 7 days; Described many beautiful many, pesticides and the bactericide used used respectively in different days; Use in the course of cultivation many U.S. many 1200 times of liquid; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; Bactericide is mixed and is formed by 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of Bravo and agricultural streptomycin.
All embodiment experiments are all after the cultivation of 90 days, and observation plant, after each processing is taken the mean, record plant height, scape length, the flower diameter of each processing matrix, chlorophyll content, at the florescence, records result as shown in table 1 below: invention group is compared with control group. Plant height, scape length in invention group, spend straight stem, chlorophyll content and florescence to be all better than control group.
The impact of the different cultivation matrixes of table 1 on Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium correlated traits
Claims (5)
1. a cultivation matrix for renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, is characterized in that comprising the following component according to volume parts meter:
3～5 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 1 ~ 3 part of maize straw fermentate, 1 ~ 3 part of fertile soil, 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of bog soil, 0.5 ~ 1 part, diatomite, 0.05 ~ 0.2 part of sphagna, 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of fern root;
Described maize straw fermentate is that maize straw is cut into 5 ~ 7cm segment, surface coverage film carries out heap fermentation, stirred one time every 4 ~ 5 days, heap fermentation, to all becoming rot shape and pitchy and during without bad smell, obtains maize straw fermentate.
2. the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following component according to volume parts meter:
3 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 2 parts of maize straw fermentates, 2 parts of fertile soil, 0.3 part of bog soil, 0.8 part, diatomite, 0.15 part of sphagna, 0.12 part of fern root;
Described maize straw fermentate is that maize straw is cut into 5 ~ 7cm segment, surface coverage film carries out heap fermentation, stirred one time every 4 ~ 5 days, heap fermentation, to all becoming rot shape and pitchy and during without bad smell, obtains maize straw fermentate.
3. a cultural method that uses the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step (1), by coconut palm chaff and maize straw fermentate water saturates, filters after fertile soil is soaked in water 15 ~ 30 minutes; Then the coconut palm chaff of above-mentioned processing, maize straw fermentate and fertile soil are mixed with bog soil, diatomite, sphagna, fern root, be stirred to and mix, obtain the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium;
Step (2), through taking out after 6～14 days 1～3 DEG C of refrigeration, in the cultivation bed of the renewable cultivation matrix that field planting makes in step (1), cultivates Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium seedling after field planting, when cultivation, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 20～28 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 65～75%; In the course of cultivation, how once to fill with Shi Duomei every 7 days; Used one time pesticide azacyclotin every 7 days; Used the mixed liquor of fungicide chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin every 7 days; Described many beautiful many, pesticides and the bactericide used used respectively in different days.
4. the cultural method of the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium according to claim 3, is characterized in that: use in the course of cultivation many U.S. many 1200 times of liquid; 800 times of liquid of pesticide azacyclotin; Bactericide is mixed and is formed by 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of Bravo and agricultural streptomycin.
5. the cultural method of the cultivation matrix of renewable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium according to claim 3, is characterized in that the long 24m of being of described cultivation bed, and wide is 1m.
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| CN106941904A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-14 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | A kind of efficiently quick Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium straight cutting cultural method |
| CN107047201A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-18 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of seed seedling-raising method of ligustrum lucidum ait |
| CN107162771A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-15 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Spiraea×bumalda'Gold Flame' seedling soilless culture method |
| CN108094118A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-06-01 | 沿河土家族自治县双强牧业有限责任公司 | A kind of okra seedling medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN108812270A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-16 | 青岛农业大学 | It is a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix |
| CN109983933A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-09 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Carnation cultural method |
| CN115777509A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-14 | 浙江海丰生物科技股份有限公司 | Single-headed chrysanthemum florescence prolonging cultivation method |
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