CN103969132A - Visualized earthwork direct shearing device and method - Google Patents
Visualized earthwork direct shearing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103969132A CN103969132A CN201410165113.7A CN201410165113A CN103969132A CN 103969132 A CN103969132 A CN 103969132A CN 201410165113 A CN201410165113 A CN 201410165113A CN 103969132 A CN103969132 A CN 103969132A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of earthwork direct shearing devices, and discloses a visualized earthwork direct shearing device and method. The direct shearing device comprises a shearing box with an inner chamber and a loading mechanism; the shearing box comprises an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box; the loading mechanism comprises a vertical loading mechanism for exerting a vertical force on unsaturated soil, as well as a horizontal loading mechanism for exerting a horizontal force, opposite to the vertical force in direction, to the unsaturated soil; a control area is labeled on a transparent sidewall; a camera is arranged outside the bearing box; suction force holes are formed in the side walls of the shearing box; suction force measuring sensors for monitoring the suction force change of the unsaturated soil are inserted into the suction force holes. In the direct shearing process, a shearing strength of the unsaturated soil is obtained, the displacement change of the unsaturated soil in the control area is obtained, and the suction force change of the unsaturated soil is obtained through the suction force measuring sensors, so that the measuring of macroscopic and microscopic mechanical properties of the unsaturated soil is realized; the visualized earthwork direct shearing device has a simple structure and is convenient to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus, relate in particular to visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus and method thereof.
Background technology
The failure mode of the soil body is mainly because shear failure causes, therefore the shear strength parameters of the Accurate Determining soil body is significant in Geotechnical Engineering.
In prior art, measure the shear strength parameter of the soil body in testing laboratory, the general direct shear apparatus that adopts carries out shear test, under pressure at right angle, the soil body is applied to horizontal force to be sheared, shear stress during in the hope of damage of soil body, then determines the parameters such as shear strength parameter, angle of internal friction and the cohesiveness of the soil body according to Coulomb law.
But in nature and Practical Project, the soil body running into is the unsaturation soil body normally, the theoretical research of the shearing strength of the unsaturation soil body is the history of existing nearly over half a century also.For the saturated soil body, soil strength is subject to effective stress control, and concerning the unsaturation soil body, putative matric suction is very large to the contribution of 2 distortion of the unsaturation soil body and shearing strength, the shearing strength that matric suction produces has a great impact for the stability of the unsaturation soil body, and therefore, studying which kind of factor affects the matric suction variation of the unsaturation soil body, and the variation of unsaturation soil body suction in shear history, there is very important meaning.
Natural soil body particulate material has dilatancy, presses the special mechanical properties such as rigid and anisotropy, and these mechanical properties are all controlled by microtexture and the evolution thereof of inside soil body, therefore, soil body macroscopic view and micro-parameter are quantized, particularly important for further investigation soil deformation mechanism and mechanical characteristic.But, now, the conventional straight shear test in laboratory can only be measured the shear strength parameter of the soil body, namely angle of internal friction and cohesiveness, its can not Real-Time Monitoring shear history matric suction variation, can not intuitively measure near the displacement of the soil body of shear zone, that is to say, current straight shear test can not be carried out to the unsaturation soil body combined measurement of both macro and micro mechanical property simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus, be intended to solve straight shear test of the prior art and can not carry out the unsaturation soil body simultaneously the problem of the combined measurement of macroscopic view and Micro Mechanical Properties.
The present invention is achieved in that visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus, for the unsaturation soil body being carried out to straight shear test, comprise having shear box and the load maintainer of inner chamber;
Described shear box comprises the upper shear box and the down cut box that are respectively hollow form, and described upper shear box is stacked on described down cut box, forms described inner chamber between both inside;
Described load maintainer comprises the vertical load maintainer that applies vertical acting force for the unsaturation soil body to described inner chamber, and applies the horizontal load maintainer of opposite direction horizontal applied force to respectively described upper shear box and down cut box;
One sidewall of described upper shear box and/or down cut box adopts transparent material to make, form transparent sidewall, described transparent sidewall is labeled with control area, and described shear box peripheral hardware is useful on the camera of taking the unsaturated soil change in displacement corresponding with described control area;
The sidewall of described shear box is provided with suction port, is inserted with the Observation of The Suction sensor that the unsaturation soil body suction for monitoring described inner chamber changes in described suction port.
The present invention also provides visual geotechnological staight scissors blanking method, comprises the following steps:
1), the upper shear box of hollow form is stacked on the down cut box of hollow form, between described upper shear box and described down cut box, form and there is the shear box of the inner chamber for placing the unsaturation soil body;
2), place the unsaturation soil body toward the inner chamber layering of described shear box, utilize vertical load maintainer to apply vertical acting force to the unsaturation soil body in described inner chamber, so that the described unsaturation soil body is fixed;
3), Observation of The Suction sensor is inserted in to the suction port in described shear box sidewall, and wait for the suction data balancing of described Observation of The Suction sensor;
4), utilize horizontal load maintainer to apply the horizontal applied force of opposite direction to described upper shear box and down cut box, so that described upper shear box and down cut box are in horizontal direction dislocation movement;
5), utilize camera to monitor the change in displacement of the unsaturation soil body at control area place on the transparent sidewall of described shear box.
Compared with prior art, utilize the staight scissors cutting apparatus in the present invention, can carry out staight scissors and cut being placed on the unsaturation soil body in shear box, and in straight shear history, can obtain the shearing strength of the unsaturation soil body, by the transparent sidewall of camera and shear box, can observe the change in displacement of the unsaturation soil body in control area, by Observation of The Suction sensor, can obtain the suction of the unsaturation soil body in straight shear history changes, like this, this staight scissors cutting apparatus, can realize the measurement to unsaturation soil body macroscopic view and Micro Mechanical Properties, it is simple in structure, it is also convenient to operate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cut-away illustration of the visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional perspective schematic diagram of the visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus that provides of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, realization of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 1～2, it is preferred embodiment provided by the invention.
The visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus 1 that the present embodiment provides, for the unsaturation soil body 2 is measured in suction and the displacement of straight shear history, it comprises the shear box 11 with inner chamber, this shear box 11 comprises shear box 111 and down cut box 112, upper shear box 111 is respectively hollow form with down cut box 112, in upper shear box 111, be provided with cavity, in down cut box 112, be provided with lower cavity; Movable folded being located on down cut box 112 of upper shear box 111, and upper cavity is communicated with lower cavity, thereby, one between upper cavity and lower cavity, both inside forms the cavity of above-mentioned shear box 11, and junction between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112 forms shear zone region 113.
In the time that above-mentioned staight scissors cutting apparatus 1 need to carry out straight shear test to the unsaturation soil body 2,2 of the unsaturation soil bodys treating straight shear test are filled in the inner chamber of whole shear box 11, and, move by the dislocation between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, thereby realize the straight shearing manipulation to the interior unsaturation soil body 2 of shear box 11.
Visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus 1 also comprises load maintainer, and this load maintainer comprises vertical load maintainer 12 and horizontal load maintainer, and wherein, vertical load maintainer 12 is for loading vertical acting force to the unsaturation soil body 2 of device in shear box 11; Horizontal load maintainer acts on respectively the horizontal applied force of opposite direction on shear box 111 and down cut box 112, so that dislocation is mobile between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, thereby realize, the interior unsaturation soil body 2 staight scissors of shear box 11 is cut.
Certainly,, in the process of being cut by staight scissors at the unsaturation soil body 2, the cross section of the unsaturation soil body 2 in shear zone occurs to move relative to dislocation.
One side of above-mentioned upper shear box 111 and/or down cut box 112 adopts transparent material to make, form transparent sidewall 1121, in this transparent side surfaces, be labeled with control area 1123, and outside shear box 11, be provided with camera, data acquisition is carried out in its displacement for the unsaturation soil body 2 to corresponding with this control area 1123.
In the sidewall of above-mentioned shear box 11, be provided with suction port 1122, in this suction port 1122, be inserted with Observation of The Suction sensor, when in the process that the unsaturation soil body 2 is cut at staight scissors, this Observation of The Suction sensor can measure the suction of the unsaturation soil body 2 in these suction port 1122 places.
When staight scissors cutting apparatus 1 is carrying out in process that staight scissors cut placing the unsaturation soil body 2 therein, the horizontal applied force that level record mechanism applies can directly obtain, and then obtain the shear strength parameter of the unsaturation soil body 2, namely the macro-mechanical property of the unsaturation soil body 2 measures; Simultaneously, by the transparent sidewall 1121 and the camera that arrange on shear box 11, can observe directly the unsaturation soil body 2 in straight shear history, the change in displacement of the soil body, and be converted into data processing, in addition, utilize Observation of The Suction sensor, the suction that can measure in the unsaturation soil body 2 changes, the namely measurement of the Micro Mechanical Properties of the real unsaturation soil body 2; Like this, the staight scissors cutting apparatus 1 that the present embodiment provides can be realized the macroscopic view of the unsaturation soil body 2 and the measurement of Micro Mechanical Properties simultaneously, and by transparent sidewall 1121, realizes visualized operation, and it is simple in structure, operates also easy.
Particularly, above-mentioned upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112 ring-type that is square, certainly, according to actual needs, and also can be set to other different in nature shapes, is not limited to the shape in the present embodiment.
In the time that upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112 are in opposite directions together with folded being located at, folded being located on the upper surface of down cut box 112 in lower surface of upper shear box 111, like this, for the ease of moving comparatively level and smooth relative to dislocation between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, on the upper surface of the lower surface of upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, be coated with respectively lubricating layer, by the lubrication of this lubricating layer, after avoiding both directly to superpose, and the size of friction force directly affects the size of horizontal applied force, thus affect the unsaturation soil body 2 shearing strength measure.
In the early-stage preparations of test, folded being located on down cut box 112 of upper shear box 111, and toward the lumen loading unsaturation soil body 2 in shear box 11, in this process, in order to ensure to misplace between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, in the present embodiment, between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, be provided with dismountable fixed mechanism, utilize this fixed mechanism, can be by relative fixing between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, certainly, between needs are by upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, occur to misplace while movement, can directly this fixed mechanism be removed, it is departed from the restriction between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112.
Particularly, above-mentioned fixed mechanism comprises the jack 17 that is arranged on down cut box 112 upper surfaces, runs through through hole and latch in shear box 111 sidewalls, this through hole aligns and is communicated with jack 17, latch is plugged in through hole, and wear to jack 17, thereby by relative with down cut box 112 upper shear box 111 fixing.
Certainly, as other embodiment, above-mentioned fixed mechanism can also be other structure, for example connection is arranged in the snap fit outside shear box 11 shear zone regions 113 etc., the two ends of this snap fit are connected with down cut box 112 with upper shear box 111 respectively, thereby realize being fixedly connected with between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112.
In the present embodiment, vertical load maintainer 12 comprises the load plate 121 and the vertical force-applying piece 123 that are arranged on shear box 111 tops, this load plate 121 can directly be superimposed upon on the unsaturation soil body 2 in shear box 111, this vertical force-applying piece 123 is connected in load plate 121, it applies vertical acting force can to load plate 121, thereby applies normal force to the unsaturation soil body 2 in shear box 11.
Vertical force-applying piece 123 is by being vertical extension layout, and it can be cylinder etc.
For make vertical acting force that vertical force-applying piece 123 applies can by load plate 121 comparatively average be distributed in the unsaturation soil body 2 everywhere, in the present embodiment, the lower surface of load plate 121 is plane, tapered 122 of its upper surface, and above-mentioned vertical force-applying piece 123 is connected to the summit place of load plate 121 taper surfaces 122, certainly, the summit of this taper surface 122 is also the central point of this load plate 121.
Horizontal load maintainer comprises the rigidity top 114 that is connected to shear box 111 sidewalls, be connected to the horizontal force-applying piece 14 of down cut box 112 sidewalls, and, rigidity top 114 and horizontal force-applying piece 14 are distributed in respectively two opposition sidewalls of shear box 11, both positioned opposite, like this, when horizontal force-applying piece 14 is during to down cut box 112 time horizon acting force, under the effect of rigidity top 114, upper shear box 111 keeps different, by moving horizontally of down cut box 112, thereby the dislocation in realization between shear box 111 and down cut box 112 is moved, namely the unsaturation soil body 2 in shear box 11 being realized to staight scissors cuts.
Particularly, horizontal force-applying piece 14 can be cylinder etc., can be also other all force pieces that can apply horizontal applied force, is specifically determined by actual needs.
Between above-mentioned rigidity top 114 and upper shear box 111, be fixedly connected with, and rigidity comes directly towards 114 fixed and arranged, like this, keeping going up shear box 111 can maintain static; Horizontal force-applying piece 14 is connected with load transducer 13, it can be for measuring the acting force of horizontal force-applying piece 14, like this, and the data that obtain by this load transducer 13, and the shape of shear box 11 and size, can obtain comparatively easily the parameters such as the shearing strength of the unsaturation soil body 2.
For the ease of down cut box 112 with respect to the movement between upper shear box 111, in the present embodiment, shear box 11 is placed on sliding panel 16, namely the lower end of down cut box 112 is placed on sliding panel 16, the lower end of this sliding panel 16 is provided with multiple rollers 17, and the plurality of roller 17 can directly be placed on test platform, like this, 112, down cut box is placed between shear box 111 and slide plate, moves thereby be convenient to it.
Be provided with displacement transducer 15 in the outside of above-mentioned slide plate, it can measure the displacement of slide plate 16, like this, by the measurement of this displacement transducer 15, can indirectly obtain down cut box 112 with respect to the Mobile data between upper shear box 111, and then provide data for the unsaturation soil body 2 other calculation of parameter.
In the present embodiment, can all be formed with transparent sidewall 1121 at upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, and, on the transparent sidewall 1121 of upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, indicate control area 1123 respectively, certainly, also can at upper shear box 111 or down cut box 112, one of them form transparent sidewall 1121, concrete setting determined by actual conditions.
And for Observation of The Suction aspect, for monitor the interior unsaturation soil body 2 of shear box 11 multiple positions suction change, in the present embodiment, in upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, be respectively arranged with multiple suction port 1122, multiple suction port 1122 are separately positioned on the both sides up and down of shear box 111 or down cut box 112 sidewalls, namely near the shear zone region 113 of shear box 11 and the shear zone region 113 of departing from shear box 11.
According to the above-mentioned visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus 1 providing, the present embodiment also provides visual geotechnological staight scissors blanking method, and it comprises the following steps:
1), upper shear box 111 is placed on down cut box 112, upper shear box 111 forms the shear box 11 with inner chamber with down cut box 112;
2), place the unsaturation soil body 2 toward layering in the inner chamber of shear box 11, and adopt vertical load maintainer 12 to apply vertical acting force to the unsaturation soil body 2, make the unsaturation soil body 2 stabilizations by consolidation;
3), Observation of The Suction sensor is plugged in the suction port 1122 of shear box 11 sidewalls, and wait for the suction data balancing of Observation of The Suction sensor;
4), utilize horizontal load maintainer to apply the horizontal applied force of opposite direction to upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, it is mobile that thereby dislocation occurs between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112 in the horizontal direction, and the unsaturation soil body 2 in shear box 11 inner chambers staight scissors occurs and cuts;
5), in the inner chamber of shear box 11, the unsaturation soil body 2 occurs in process that staight scissors cut, utilize camera to take the change in displacement of control area 1123 place's unsaturation soil bodys 2 on the transparent sidewall 1121 of shear box 11, the namely deformation process of the unsaturation soil body 2, and change by the suction of the Observation of The Suction Sensor monitoring unsaturation soil body 2.
In above-mentioned visual geotechnological staight scissors blanking method, it is by applying the horizontal applied force of opposite direction to upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, the dislocation that can realize between shear box 111 and down cut box 112 is moved, thereby can obtain the shear strength parameter of the unsaturation soil body 2; Utilize camera to take the unsaturation soil body 2 at 1123 places, control area of transparent region, can observe intuitively the change in displacement of the unsaturation soil body 2, in addition, the suction that Observation of The Suction sensor can be monitored the unsaturation soil body 2 changes, and realize macroscopic view and Micro Mechanical Properties monitoring to the unsaturation soil body 2 simultaneously, and visual, simple in structure, and operation is also convenient.
In above-mentioned step 1) in, upper shear box 111 is placed on to down cut box 112 and goes forward, can on the upper surface of the lower surface of upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, be coated with respectively lubricating layer.
In above-mentioned step 1) and step 2) between, utilize dismountable fixed mechanism by fixing between upper shear box 111 and down cut box 112, before waiting to utilize horizontal load maintainer to upper shear box 111 horizontal applied force contrary with down cut box 112 time orientations, this fixed mechanism is removed, made can move relative to misplacing between shear box 111 and down cut box 112.
In the present embodiment, Observation of The Suction sensor, load transducer 13, displacement transducer and make a video recording first-class can directly connection with outside opertaing device, thereby utilize this opertaing device to its data processing, storage etc., thereby realize in whole straight shear history the robotization processing of data and the automatic operating of straight shearing manipulation.Certainly, control element also can be set separately, carry out voluntarily separately data processing and storage etc., specifically be determined by actual needs.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus, is characterized in that, for the unsaturation soil body being carried out to straight shear test, comprise having shear box and the load maintainer of inner chamber;
Described shear box comprises the upper shear box and the down cut box that are respectively hollow form, and described upper shear box is stacked on described down cut box, forms described inner chamber between both inside;
Described load maintainer comprises the vertical load maintainer that applies vertical acting force for the unsaturation soil body to described inner chamber, and applies the horizontal load maintainer of opposite direction horizontal applied force to respectively described upper shear box and down cut box;
One sidewall of described upper shear box and/or down cut box adopts transparent material to make, form transparent sidewall, described transparent sidewall is labeled with control area, and described shear box peripheral hardware is useful on the camera of taking the unsaturated soil change in displacement corresponding with described control area;
The sidewall of described shear box is provided with suction port, is inserted with the Observation of The Suction sensor that the unsaturation soil body suction for monitoring described inner chamber changes in described suction port.
2. visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the upper surface of the lower surface of described upper shear box and down cut box is folded in opposite directions establishes layout, and it is coated with respectively lubricating layer.
3. visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described vertical load maintainer comprises is located at described upper shear box top and for suppressing the load plate of the unsaturation soil body in described shear box, and is connected in described load plate and applies the vertical force-applying piece of vertical acting force.
4. visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the lower surface of described load plate is plane, and its upper surface is taper surface, and described vertical force-applying piece is connected in the summit place of described taper surface.
5. visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described horizontal load maintainer comprises and is connected in the rigidity top of described upper shear box sidewall and is connected in described down cut box sidewall and for applying the horizontal force-applying piece of horizontal applied force, described rigidity top and horizontal force-applying piece positioned opposite.
6. visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the joint of described upper shear box and down cut box forms shear zone region, described suction port is provided with multiple, and multiple described suction port is located at respectively the both sides up and down of described upper shear box and/or down cut box sidewall.
7. visual geotechnological staight scissors cutting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described down cut box is placed on slide plate, and the bottom of described slide plate is provided with multiple rollers.
8. visual geotechnological staight scissors blanking method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1), the upper shear box of hollow form is stacked on the down cut box of hollow form, between described upper shear box and described down cut box, form and there is the shear box of the inner chamber for placing the unsaturation soil body;
2), place the unsaturation soil body toward the inner chamber layering of described shear box, utilize vertical load maintainer to apply vertical acting force to the unsaturation soil body in described inner chamber, so that the described unsaturation soil body is fixed;
3), Observation of The Suction sensor is inserted in to the suction port in described shear box sidewall, and wait for the suction data balancing of described Observation of The Suction sensor;
4), utilize horizontal load maintainer to apply the horizontal applied force of opposite direction to described upper shear box and down cut box, so that described upper shear box and down cut box are in horizontal direction dislocation movement;
5), utilize camera to monitor the change in displacement of the unsaturation soil body at control area place on the transparent sidewall of described shear box.
9. visual geotechnological staight scissors blanking method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, in described step 1) in, be located at described down cut box and go forward folded described upper shear box, on shear box lower surface and described down cut box upper surface, be coated with lubricating layer on described respectively.
10. visual geotechnological staight scissors blanking method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, it is characterized in that, in described step 1) and step 2) between, utilize dismountable fixed sturcture that described upper shear box and down cut box are fixed, wait to utilize described horizontal load maintainer to before applying the horizontal applied force of opposite direction between described upper shear box and down cut box, described fixed mechanism is removed.
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| CN109580386A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-05 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of two dimension shearing instrument |
| CN110208112A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-09-06 | 信阳师范学院 | A kind of unsaturated soil-structural material contact surface boxshear apparatus and test method controlling relative humidity |
| CN112924302A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-08 | 北京科技大学 | Image recognition-based discrete shear characteristic evolution rule research method |
| CN112903478A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-04 | 郑州大学 | Unsaturated soil and structure interface shear matrix suction testing device and testing method |
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Application publication date: 20140806 |