CN107167381B - Tensile and compression ring shearing circumferential seepage tester and system thereof - Google Patents
Tensile and compression ring shearing circumferential seepage tester and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107167381B CN107167381B CN201710545217.4A CN201710545217A CN107167381B CN 107167381 B CN107167381 B CN 107167381B CN 201710545217 A CN201710545217 A CN 201710545217A CN 107167381 B CN107167381 B CN 107167381B
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 39
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides a tensile compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester and a system thereof, and relates to the technical field of mechanical test devices. This tensile and compression ring cuts hoop seepage flow tester is through being connected axial piston rod and last shear box, is connected moment of torsion transmission force axle and lower shear box, sets up axial force transducer on axial piston rod, sets up torque transducer on moment of torsion transmission force axle to fixedly connected with biography power board on last shear box, the counter-force of exerting the moment of torsion can be transmitted to biography power board, keeps the stability of last shear box. By providing a circumferential seepage structure, a circumferential seepage test can be performed. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester realizes the independent and coupled application of axial load and torque, and ensures the stability of the test device and the stability of load application in the test loading process. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system provided by the invention comprises the servo pump and the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester, and is accurate in control, small in error and good in stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical test devices, in particular to a tensile-compression ring shearing circumferential seepage tester and a system thereof.
Background
The shear strength of the rock is one of important indexes for evaluating the mechanical properties of the rock, and accurate acquisition of the strength parameters has important practical significance for rock mass engineering. At present, the shear strength of the rock is mainly obtained through an indoor test, and the main test types are as follows: conventional triaxial test, direct shear test, wedge shear test, and the like.
The existing test implementation mode is analyzed, the rock is stressed unevenly on the shearing surface in the shearing process, deformation has delay, and the shearing strength of the rock cannot be accurately reflected. In the working process of the rock tension-compression ring-shear tester, the axial force applying process and the torque applying process can be mutually interfered, so that the force accuracy and reliability applied to the hollow rock sample are reduced, and a larger error is caused to the acquisition of test results.
In view of the above, the design and manufacture of the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester can simultaneously complete an axial tensile-compression test, a ring shear test and a seepage test, can independently apply axial load and ring shear torque, does not interfere with each other, and can realize the mutual coupling test, so that the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester is a technical problem which needs to be improved in the technical field of the traditional mechanical test device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tensile compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester which is used for a tensile compression ring shear circumferential seepage test of rock. According to the tensile-compression ring shearing circumferential seepage tester, the annular sample is adopted, and the rock is uniformly stressed and deformed on the shearing surface in a torsion mode. Meanwhile, axial pulling and pressing force can be applied to realize tests of rock pulling, pressing, ring shearing, ring seepage and mutual coupling, and the method has important significance in accurately obtaining the shear strength, residual strength and deformation of the rock and improving and perfecting the constitutive relation of the rock.
The invention also aims to provide a tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system which comprises a servo pump, a hydraulic cylinder and the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test instrument, wherein the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system is accurate in control, small in error, capable of applying axial tension and compression, capable of realizing rock tension, compression, circumferential shear, circumferential seepage and mutual coupling tests, and perfect in function.
The invention improves the technical problems by adopting the following technical proposal.
The invention provides a tensile and compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester which comprises a first frame, a second frame, a first bottom plate, a second bottom plate, an axial piston rod, a torque transmission shaft, a shaft force sensor, a torque sensor, an upper shear box, a lower shear box and a circumferential seepage structure.
The first frame is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate, the second frame is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate, the first frame is located between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, and the second frame is located on one side, away from the first bottom plate, of the second bottom plate. The upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are positioned in the second frame, a sample is fixedly arranged between the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, and the upper shearing box, the lower shearing box and the sample are positioned on the same axis.
The torque sensor is arranged on the torque transmission shaft. One end of the torque transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate, and the other end of the torque transmission shaft penetrates through the second bottom plate to be fixedly connected with the lower shearing box and is used for transmitting torque to the sample. The axial force sensor is arranged on the axial piston rod, and the axial piston rod is fixedly connected with the upper shearing box and is used for applying axial load to the sample.
The annular seepage structure comprises a sealing sleeve, a water inlet channel and a water drainage channel; the sealing sleeve is fixedly connected with the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box respectively, and sealing rings are arranged between the sealing sleeve and the upper shearing box and between the sealing sleeve and the lower shearing box respectively.
The water inlet channel is arranged on the lower shearing box, the water discharge channel is arranged on the upper shearing box, and a flow channel which is communicated with the water inlet channel and the water discharge channel is arranged on the sample to form a circumferential seepage channel.
Further, a jack is arranged in the first frame and fixedly connected to two sides of the first frame, and the jack is used for applying torque to the torque transmission shaft.
Further, a plurality of support rods are arranged in the first frame, and two ends of each support rod are respectively fixed on two sides of the first frame and used for stabilizing the tension-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester.
Further, a force transfer plate is arranged in the second frame and fixedly connected with the upper shearing box, two ends of the force transfer plate are respectively connected with the second frame and can slide along the inner wall of the second frame, and the force transfer plate is used for transferring counterforces for applying torque to keep the upper shearing box stable.
Further, a linear guide rail is arranged on the inner side wall of the second frame, a sliding block which can slide relatively to the linear guide rail is arranged on the linear guide rail, and the force transmission plate is fixedly connected with the sliding block and can slide along the linear guide rail.
Further, the first bottom plate, the second bottom plate, the upper shearing box, the lower shearing box, the force transfer plate, two end surfaces of the axial piston rod and two end surfaces of the torque transmission shaft are parallel to each other.
Further, the jack and the torque sensor are installed in parallel, and the jack and the torque sensor are perpendicular to the side wall of the first frame. The linear guide rail is parallel to the side wall of the second frame, and the linear guide rail is perpendicular to the second bottom plate.
Further, the first frame comprises two oppositely arranged first side plates, the first bottom plate is arranged between the two first side plates, and the support rods are connected with the first side plates through bolts.
Further, the second frame comprises a cover plate and two second side plates which are oppositely arranged, one end of each second side plate is convexly provided with a mounting part, and the mounting parts are detachably connected with the second bottom plate; the cover plate is fixedly connected to the other end of the second side plate, a through hole is formed in the cover plate, and the axial piston rod penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the upper shearing box.
The invention provides a tension-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system which comprises a servo pump, a hydraulic cylinder and the tension-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test instrument, wherein an axial piston rod is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder, and the servo pump is connected with the hydraulic cylinder and used for controlling the movement of the axial piston rod.
The tensile compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester and the system thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
according to the tensile compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester provided by the invention, the axial piston rod is connected with the upper shear box, the torque transmission shaft is connected with the lower shear box, the axial piston rod is provided with the shaft force sensor, the torque transmission shaft is provided with the torque sensor, and the circumferential seepage structure is arranged, so that the circumferential seepage test can be realized. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester realizes the independent and coupled application of axial load and torque, and ensures the stability of the test device and the stability of load application in the test loading process. The device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, is suitable for rock mechanical tests of various shapes, and has important significance for researching various mechanical properties of the rock.
The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system provided by the invention comprises a servo pump, a hydraulic cylinder and the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester, and is accurate in control, small in error and good in stability. The tensile compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system can be used for researching the shearing strength and the residual strength of rock and perfecting a rock strength model, comprehensively analyzes the mechanical properties of the rock, and has great popularization and application values.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another view angle of a tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a view angle of a circumferential seepage structure of a tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an operation flow chart of the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Icon: 100-pulling ring shear circumferential seepage tester; 101-an upper shear box; 103-lower shear box; 105-sample; 110-a first frame; 111-a first bottom plate; 113-a first side plate; 120-torque transmission shaft; 121-a torque sensor; 123-jack; 125-supporting rods; 130-a second frame; 131-a second bottom plate; 133-a second side plate; 1331-mounting part; 135-cover plate; 140-an axial piston rod; 141-an axis force sensor; 143-force transfer plates; 145-linear guide rail; 147-slide block; 150-sealing the sleeve; 155-a sealing ring; 161-water inlet channel; 163-drainage channel.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or positional relationship conventionally put in use of the product of the present invention, or the azimuth or positional relationship conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first", "second", and the like, are used merely for distinguishing the description and have no special meaning.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "mounted" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one view angle of a tensile-compression-ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another view angle of the tensile-compression-ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 1 and 2.
According to the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 provided by the embodiment, by adopting the annular sample 105 and applying axial load and torsion, rock tensile, compression, ring shear, circumferential seepage and mutual coupling tests can be realized, so that the rock is uniformly stressed and deformed on a shear plane. Has important significance for researching the shear strength and the residual strength of the rock and perfecting the rock strength model and comprehensively analyzing the rock mechanical property.
The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 comprises a first frame 110, a second frame 130, a first bottom plate 111, a second bottom plate 131, a force transmission plate 143, an axial piston rod 140, a torque transmission shaft 120, a jack 123, a shaft force sensor 141, a torque sensor 121, an upper shear box 101, a lower shear box 103 and a circumferential seepage structure.
The first frame 110 is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate 111, the second frame 130 is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate 131, the first frame 110 is located between the first bottom plate 111 and the second bottom plate 131, and the second frame 130 is located at one side of the second bottom plate 131 away from the first bottom plate 111. Specifically, the first frame 110 includes two opposite first side plates 113, and a first bottom plate 111 is connected between the two first side plates 113, where the first bottom plate 111 is located at a position near the middle of the first side plates 113. The first frame 110 is further provided therein with a plurality of support bars 125, and preferably, the first side plate 113 is provided with two support bars 125 at front and rear sides thereof. The two ends of the supporting rods 125 are respectively fixed on the first side plates 113, the two first side plates 113 are provided with corresponding bolt holes, the first side plates 113 are fixedly connected with the supporting rods 125 through bolts, and the supporting rods 125 are used for stabilizing the whole tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100, so that stability in the process of applying load and torque is ensured, and test accuracy and accuracy of test results are improved.
The top of the two first side plates 113 is connected with a second bottom plate 131, and the upper part of the second bottom plate 131 is fixedly connected with a second frame 130. The second frame 130 includes two second side plates 133 disposed opposite to each other and a cover plate 135 coupled to the second side plates 133, and a mounting portion 1331 is protruded from an end of the second side plates 133 remote from the cover plate 135 for detachably coupling with the second bottom plate 131, preferably, a bolt coupling is used herein.
The second frame 130 is provided with an upper shear box 101 and a lower shear box 103, and a sample 105 is fixed between the upper shear box 101 and the lower shear box 103, and in this embodiment, the rock sample 105 is adopted, which can be used for researching mechanical properties of other materials. The upper and lower shear boxes 101 and 103 are configured to conform to the shape of the sample 105. The upper and lower shear boxes 101, 103 are typically firmly bonded together with the sample 105 using an adhesive, and the upper and lower shear boxes 101, 103, 105 are located on the same axis to ensure that axial loads or torque are evenly applied to the sample 105. The upper shear box 101 is fixedly connected with the axial piston rod 140, and the lower shear box 103 is fixedly connected with the torque transmission shaft 120. The torque transmission shaft 120 is provided with a torque sensor 121, the torque transmission shaft 120 is used for transmitting torque to the sample 105, and the torque sensor 121 is used for detecting the magnitude of the loaded torque. The axial force sensor 141 is disposed on the axial piston rod 140, the axial piston rod 140 is used for applying an axial load to the sample 105, the axial force sensor 141 is used for detecting the magnitude of the loaded axial load, and the axial load can be either a tensile force or a compressive force.
One end of the torque transmission shaft 120 is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate 111, the other end passes through the second bottom plate 131 and is fixedly connected with the lower shear box 103, and the torque transmission shaft 120 is fixedly connected with the first bottom plate 111 through bolts. The torque sensor 121 is sleeved on the outer surface of the torque transmission shaft 120 and is fixedly connected with the outer surface. Each first side plate 113 is fixedly provided with a jack 123, the jacks 123 on the two first side plates 113 are oppositely arranged, one end of each jack 123 is fixedly connected with the first side plate 113 through a bolt, and the other end of each jack 123 is connected to the torque transmission shaft 120. Torque is applied to the torque transmission shaft 120 by the jack 123, and the torque transmission shaft 120 transmits the torque to the lower shear box 103 to perform a torque loading test on the test specimen 105.
The axial piston rod 140 passes through the cover plate 135 of the second frame 130 and is fixedly connected with the upper shear box 101, and the axial piston rod 140 moves up and down to apply axial tension or axial compression to the upper shear box 101, and as the upper shear box 101, the lower shear box 103 and the sample 105 are bonded into a whole, that is, axial load is applied to the sample 105, so that the loading test of the axial load is completed. A force transfer plate 143 is provided in the second frame 130, and the force transfer plate 143 is fixedly connected with the upper shear box 101. Force transfer plate 143 is used to transfer the opposing force of the applied torque to maintain stability of upper shear box 101. The inner sidewall of the second frame 130 is provided with a linear guide 145, i.e., the linear guide 145 is provided at the opposite inner surface of the second side plate 133. The linear guide 145 is provided with a slider 147 which can slide relative to the linear guide 145, and the force transmission plate 143 is fixedly connected with the slider 147 and can slide along the linear guide 145.
In order to increase the success rate of the loading test, the test results were more accurate. The first bottom plate 111, the second bottom plate 131, the upper shear box 101, the lower shear box 103, the force transfer plate 143, and the two end surfaces of the axial piston rod 140 and the two end surfaces of the torque transfer shaft 120 need to be parallel to each other. The jack 123 and the torque sensor 121 are installed in parallel with each other, and the jack 123 and the torque sensor 121 are perpendicular to the first side plate 113 of the first frame 110. The linear guide 145 is parallel to the sidewall of the second frame 130, and the linear guide 145 is perpendicular to the second bottom plate 131. Thus, when axial load is loaded, the sample 105 only receives tensile force or compressive force in the axial direction, and no component force in other directions exists; similarly, when torque is applied, the sample 105 is uniformly stressed and deformed on the shearing surface, so that the test precision is improved.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a view angle of a circumferential seepage structure of a tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 3.
The circumferential seepage structure includes a sealing sleeve 150, a third water inlet channel 161 and a third water outlet channel 163. The sealing sleeve 150 is fixedly connected with the upper shearing box 101 and the lower shearing box 103 respectively, and the sealing sleeve 150 is fixedly connected with the lower shearing box 103 respectively through bolts. The third water inlet channel 161 is arranged in the lower shear box 103, the third water outlet channel 163 is arranged in the upper shear box 101, and a flow passage which is communicated with the third water inlet channel 161 and the third water outlet channel 163 is arranged on the sample 105 to form a circumferential seepage channel. Sealing rings 155 are respectively arranged between the sealing sleeve 150 and the upper shearing box 101 and between the sealing sleeve and the lower shearing box 103, and silica gel is smeared at the gap of the sample 105, so that the tightness is improved. As the shear force is applied, water is injected into the third water inlet channel 161, and the water outlet amount is observed in the third water outlet channel 163, so that seepage along the shear plane of the sample 105 is realized, and the seepage direction is parallel to the shear plane.
It should be noted that, in addition to the detachable connection or the fixed connection, the detachable connection or the fixed connection may also be a threaded connection, a socket connection, an adhesive connection, a clamping connection, a buckling connection, a welding connection, a riveting connection, or the like.
The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system provided by the embodiment comprises a servo pump, a hydraulic cylinder and the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test instrument 100, wherein an axial piston rod 140 is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder, and the servo pump is connected with the hydraulic cylinder and used for controlling movement of the axial piston rod 140. The oil delivery of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the servo pump so that the piston rod applies axial load, and the oil delivery of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the servo pump so that the jack 123 applies torque, the loading process is accurate, the test error is small, the precision is high, and the control is easy.
The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 and the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system provided by the invention have the following installation process and test process:
preparing a hollow cylindrical rock sample 105, smearing adhesive on the bottoms and the side walls of the grooves of the upper shear box 101 and the lower shear box 103, adhering the rock sample 105 with the upper shear box 101 and the lower shear box 103, ensuring that the surfaces of the lower shear box 103, the rock sample 105 and the upper shear box 101 are parallel to each other, and connecting the rock sample 105, the lower shear box 103 and the upper shear box 101 into a whole on the same central line. The lower shear box 103 is fixedly connected with the torque transmission shaft 120 through bolts, and ensures that the lower shear box 103 is horizontally connected with the end part of the torque transmission shaft 120, and the upper shear box 101 is horizontally connected with the end part of the axial piston rod 140 through bolts, and ensures that the upper shear box 101 is horizontally connected with the end part of the axial piston rod 140.
The torque transmission shaft 120 is connected to the lower shear box 103 through the first base plate 111, the jack 123, the torque sensor 121, and the second base plate 131. The end of the torque transmission shaft 120 is horizontally parallel to the second bottom plate 131 and the upper and lower surfaces of the lower shear box 103. The torque transmission shaft 120 transmits the torque output from the jack 123 to the lower shear box 103, and the rock sample 105 is subjected to the shearing force. The axial piston rod 140 passes through the force transfer plate 143 and the axial force sensor 141 to be connected with the upper shear box 101. The lower surface of the axial piston rod 140 is horizontally parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the force transfer plate 143, the lower shear box 103, and the upper shear box 101. The linear guide 145 is fixedly coupled to the second side plate 133 of the second frame 130 by bolts, and the slider 147 slides on the linear guide 145. The force transfer plate 143 passes through the axial piston rod 140 and is vertically connected with the sliding block 147, so that the transmission of axial load is realized. When torque is applied, the position of the upper shear box 101 is ensured to be fixed, and torque counter force is transmitted to the second frame 130 through the force transmission plate 143, the sliding block 147 and the linear guide rail 145, so that independent or mixed loading of axial force (tensile force and pressure force) is realized.
When axial pressure is loaded, oil is delivered to the upper space of the axial piston rod 140 through the hydraulic servo pump, the axial piston rod 140 is pushed to move downwards, and the axial pressure is applied. And continuously loading the axial pressure until the axial pressure sensor 141 reaches a set value, and when the test is finished and the axial pressure needs to be unloaded, delivering oil to the lower space of the axial piston rod 140 through the hydraulic servo pump, and lifting the piston rod.
When axial tension is loaded, oil is delivered to the lower space of the axial piston rod 140 through the hydraulic servo pump, the axial piston rod 140 is pushed to move upwards, and the axial tension is applied. And (3) continuously loading the axial tension until the axial tension sensor 141 reaches a set value, and when the test is finished and the axial tension needs to be unloaded, conveying oil to the upper space of the axial piston rod 140 through the hydraulic servo pump, and moving the piston rod downwards.
When torque is loaded, oil is delivered to the jack 123 through the hydraulic servo pump until the torque sensor 121 reaches a set value, and the oil pressure of the jack 123 is unloaded at the end of the test.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 4. When the circumferential seepage test needs to be executed, the steps are as follows:
s201: a well was drilled in the sample 105. The annular rock sample 105 is drilled with holes corresponding to the third water inlet channel 161 and the third water outlet channel 163.
S202: silica gel is coated in the gaps of the sample 105. And (3) smearing silica gel at the gap of the rock sample 105 to realize sealing.
S203: connecting the sealing sleeve 150 and the bolt. The sealing sleeve 150 is fixedly connected with the lower shear box 103 by bolts.
S204: the water pressure is applied. The third water inlet channel 161 is filled with water, the water outlet amount is observed at the outlet of the third water outlet channel 163, and when the third water outlet channel 163 is no longer bubble and continuously discharges water, the air discharge is considered to be completed. As shear forces are applied, a seepage along the shear plane of the rock sample 105 is achieved, with the seepage direction being parallel to the shear plane.
The circumferential seepage structure realizes seepage of the shear plane of the parallel sample 105, and compared with the limitation of the conventional seepage test, the device can realize seepage under various test paths, enrich and perfect the seepage characteristic research of the shear plane.
When the test is completed and the rock sample 105 is to be taken out, the bolt connecting the upper shear box 101 and the axial piston rod 140 is removed, and the upper shear box 101 is taken out. The bolts connecting the lower shear box 103 and the torque transmission shaft 120 are removed, and the lower shear box 103 is taken out. The rock sample 105 is separated from the upper and lower shear boxes 101 and 103 by heating at high temperature or dissolving colloid.
Through the operation of the steps, the tests of rock pulling, pressing, ring shearing, circumferential seepage and mutual coupling can be realized, and the method has important significance for accurately acquiring the shear strength, residual strength and deformation of the rock and improving and perfecting the constitutive relation of the rock. The circumferential seepage structure realizes seepage of the shear surface of the parallel rock sample 105, and compared with the limitation of the conventional seepage test, the circumferential seepage structure can realize seepage under various test paths, enrich and perfect the seepage characteristic research of the shear surface.
In summary, the tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 and the system thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
the tensile compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 provided by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate and control. The torque applying and measuring unit composed of the jack 123, the torque sensor 121 and the torque transmission shaft 120 has the advantages of high control precision, large torque load application, accurate torque measurement, small friction force and the like. The axial loading and measuring unit consisting of the axial piston rod 140, the axial force sensor 141, the force transmission plate 143, the sliding block 147 and the linear guide rail 145 has the advantages of high control precision, capability of simultaneously realizing loading and measuring of tension and pressure, large output load value and the like; the force transmission plate 143 is connected with the second side plate 133, so that the axial load and the torque are independently and coupled, the load is transferred to the second frame 130, and the stability of the whole tension-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester 100 and the stability of the load application in the test loading process are ensured. Meanwhile, the tensile-compression ring shearing circumferential seepage tester 100 can realize seepage under various test paths, and enrich and perfect seepage characteristic research on shearing surfaces. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage test system provided by the invention adopts the hydraulic servo pump, is accurate in control, easy to control, small in error and high in test precision, and greatly improves test efficiency and success rate.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications, combinations and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The tensile-compression ring shearing circumferential seepage tester is characterized by comprising a first frame, a second frame, a first bottom plate, a second bottom plate, an axial piston rod, a torque transmission shaft, a shaft force sensor, a torque sensor, an upper shearing box, a lower shearing box and a circumferential seepage structure;
the first frame is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate, the second frame is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate, the first frame is positioned between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, and the second frame is positioned on one side, far away from the first bottom plate, of the second bottom plate; the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are positioned in the second frame, a sample is fixedly arranged between the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, and the upper shearing box, the lower shearing box and the sample are positioned on the same axis;
the torque sensor is arranged on the torque transmission shaft; one end of the torque transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate, and the other end of the torque transmission shaft penetrates through the second bottom plate and is fixedly connected with the lower shear box, so that torque is transmitted to the sample; the axial force sensor is arranged on the axial piston rod, and the axial piston rod is fixedly connected with the upper shear box and is used for applying axial load to the sample;
the annular seepage structure comprises a sealing sleeve, a water inlet channel and a water drainage channel; the sealing sleeve is fixedly connected with the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box respectively, and sealing rings are arranged between the sealing sleeve and the upper shearing box and between the sealing sleeve and the lower shearing box respectively;
the water inlet channel is arranged in the lower shear box, the water discharge channel is arranged in the upper shear box, and a flow channel which is communicated with the water inlet channel and the water discharge channel is arranged on the sample to form a circumferential seepage channel;
the second frame is internally provided with a force transfer plate, the force transfer plate is fixedly connected with the upper shearing box, two ends of the force transfer plate are respectively connected with the second frame and can slide along the inner wall of the second frame, and the force transfer plate is used for transferring counterforces for applying torque so as to keep the upper shearing box stable.
2. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to claim 1, wherein a jack is arranged in the first frame, and the jack is fixedly connected to two sides of the first frame and is used for applying torque to the torque transmission shaft.
3. The tensile and compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of support rods are arranged in the first frame, and two ends of the support rods are respectively fixed at two sides of the first frame and used for stabilizing the tensile and compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester.
4. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to claim 2, wherein a linear guide rail is arranged on the inner side wall of the second frame, a sliding block capable of sliding relative to the linear guide rail is arranged on the linear guide rail, and the force transmission plate is fixedly connected with the sliding block and can slide along the linear guide rail.
5. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to claim 1, wherein the first bottom plate, the second bottom plate, the upper shear box, the lower shear box, the force transfer plate, two end surfaces of the axial piston rod and two end surfaces of the torque transmission shaft are parallel to each other.
6. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to claim 4, wherein the jack and the torque sensor are arranged in parallel with each other, and the jack and the torque sensor are perpendicular to the side wall of the first frame; the linear guide rail is parallel to the side wall of the second frame, and the linear guide rail is perpendicular to the second bottom plate.
7. The tension and compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to claim 3, wherein the first frame comprises two oppositely arranged first side plates, the first bottom plate is installed between the two first side plates, and the support rods are connected with the first side plates through bolts.
8. The tensile-compression ring shear circumferential seepage tester according to claim 1, wherein the second frame comprises a cover plate and two second side plates which are oppositely arranged, one end of each second side plate is convexly provided with a mounting part, and the mounting parts are detachably connected with the second bottom plate; the cover plate is fixedly connected to the other end of the second side plate, a through hole is formed in the cover plate, and the axial piston rod penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the upper shearing box.
9. The tensile-compression-ring shearing circumferential seepage test system is characterized by comprising a servo pump, a hydraulic cylinder and the tensile-compression-ring shearing circumferential seepage tester according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the axial piston rod is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder, and the servo pump is connected with the hydraulic cylinder and used for controlling the movement of the axial piston rod.
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| CN108225945A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-29 | 福建省地质工程勘察院 | A kind of stacked ring type ring shear apparatus and stacked ring shear test |
| CN111829934B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-03-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Fracture network shear-two-phase flow test device and test method |
| CN115014996B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2023-09-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Rough joint surface rotary shear-seepage test device considering size effect |
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