CN103958247A - 用于机动车辆的三轴混合动力变速器以及控制方法 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的三轴混合动力变速器以及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN103958247A
CN103958247A CN201280057341.1A CN201280057341A CN103958247A CN 103958247 A CN103958247 A CN 103958247A CN 201280057341 A CN201280057341 A CN 201280057341A CN 103958247 A CN103958247 A CN 103958247A
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coupling device
heat engine
coupled
countershaft
hybrid
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CN103958247B (zh
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N·弗雷莫
A·维尼翁
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New H Power Transmission System Holdings Ltd
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Renault SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/113—Stepped gearings with two input flow paths, e.g. double clutch transmission selection of one of the torque flow paths by the corresponding input clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器，该机动车辆装配有一台热机以及一个电动机器(7)，该变速器包括两个同心的主轴(1，6)，这两个主轴对应地连接到该热机和电动机器上并且各自支撑了在一个第一副轴(10)上的至少一个中间传动装置(4，8，9)，该第一副轴经由一个差速器(16)与该车辆的车轮相连，并且一个第二副轴(19)将一个主轴的运动传输到该差速器(16)上，其特征在于，所述变速器在这两个主轴(1，6)之间具有一个第一耦合装置(C1)，该第一耦合装置能够占据至少三个位置，在这些位置中：-该热机是与将该电动机器(7)连接到这些车轮上的传动系解除耦合的、或者是通过该第二副轴而与该传动系相耦合的(位置1)；-与该热机(1)相连的主轴是耦合到该第一副轴(10)上的以便有或没有该电动机器的支持地驱动这些车轮(位置2)；以及-与该热机(1)相连的主轴是耦合到与该电动机器(6)相连的主轴上的，从而使它们在这些车轮的方向上的对应转矩相加(位置3)。

Description

用于机动车辆的三轴混合动力变速器以及控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器领域，该机动车辆一方面包括一台热机并且另一方面包括一台电动机器。
更确切地说，本发明其目的是具有用于装备有热机和电驱动机器的机动车辆的一种混合动力变速器，该混合动力变速器包括两个同轴的主轴，这两个主轴各自支撑与该车辆车轮相连的一个副轴上的至少一个中间传动装置。
背景技术
混合动力变速器的主要目的是要确保一台车辆的运动学传动链受益于两种能量源(热力和电动)，这两种能量源的转矩贡献能以一种已知为混合动力模式的模式相组合、或者能以一种“纯热力模式”或一种“纯电动”模式分开地使用，在该纯热力模式中电动机器不对该动力传动系供应转矩，在该纯电动模式中该热机不对该动力传动系供应转矩。还需要其他特征，如在静止状态或在行驶时使用该电动机器作为一台起动机起动该热机的可能性、或者使用该电动机器作为一台发电机用于对电池充电的可能性。
在其最简单的设计中，如以上概述的一种混合动力变速器保证了一个单一齿轮减速比有所要求的全部功能，也就是说无需如在常规变速器情况下从多个前进档受益的可能性。
在公布文件US 5 433 282中披露了一种用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器，该变速器本质上是由一个简单的行星齿轮系构成，该齿轮系的三个输出－行星齿轮架、太阳轮以及环齿轮－被连接到热机、电动机器以及该车辆的车轮上。热机、电动机器以及该齿轮系是同轴的。一个自由轮被定位在该热机与该齿轮系的行星齿轮之间。具体的说，这使之可以使由该电动机器提供的帮助与由该电动机器提供的帮助组合而用于驱动该车辆目的，并且还可以提供两个传动比。然而，其提供适合特定行驶类型的可能性是受到限制的，如典型的城市行驶和典型的以纯电动模式在适中速度下的城郊行驶、以及典型的在高速下例如以纯热力模式的高速公路行驶。
发明内容
本发明提出获得一种混合动力变速器，该混合动力变速器在电动模式中提供至少两个不同的传动比，在热力模式中提供两个不同的传动比，并且提供多个混合动力传动比。
为此目的，在两个主轴之间提供了一个第一耦合装置，该第一耦合装置能够占据至少三个位置，在这些位置中：
-该热机是与将电动机器连接到车轮上的运动链解除耦合的，或者是借助该第二副轴而与该运动链相耦合的(位置1)，
-该热机的主轴是与该第一副轴相耦合的以便在或者不在该电动机器的帮助下驱动这些车轮(位置2)，以及
-该热机的主轴是与该电动机器的主轴相耦合的，其方式为使它们在这些车轮的方向上的对应转矩相加(位置3)。
该热机优选是被连接到一个实心主轴上，并且该电动机器是被连接到一个空心主轴上。
在一个第一实施例中，通过使得该第二耦合装置闭合，该电动机器可以在两个第一电动传动比中用作一个单一的运动能量源，直至达到一个速度阈值，此后通过断开该第二耦合装置并且通过将该热机经由该第三耦合装置与这些车轮相耦合来执行到第三热力传动比的换档。
在一个第二实施例中，在相继改变到该第一耦合装置以及该第二耦合装置被锁定的多个混合动力传动比之前，仅使用了一个第一电动传动比。
附图说明
通过熟读对本发明的一个非限定性的实施例的以下说明并参照附图，本发明的其他表征特征和优点将清楚地显现，在附图中：
-图1描绘了所提出的变速器处于空档位置的结构简图；
-图2对应于以电动模式的起动和以“城市电动”传动比行驶、以及倒车；
-图3对应于以电动模式以“城郊电动”传动比行驶，
-图4对应于电池再充电模式；
-图5对应于以热力模式以“热力高速公路”传动比行驶；
-图6对应于以混合动力模式以第一“混合动力高速公路”传动比行驶；
-图7对应于在“混合动力城市低速”模式中行驶；
-图8对应于以“混合动力城市高速1”传动比行驶；
-图9对应于以“混合动力城市高速2”传动比行驶；
-图10对应于以“混合动力城郊”传动比行驶；
-图11对应于以“混合动力运动”传动比行驶，并且
-图12对应于以已知为“热力城市高速”的另一种热力模式行驶。
具体实施方式
这些图展示的变速器包括一个实心的主轴1，该主轴通过一个过滤***2(减振轮毂、“减震器”、双质量飞轮或类似物)而被直接连接到一台热机(未展示出)的飞轮3上。实心轴1支撑一个惰轮4(第二惰轮R2)，该惰轮通过一个第一耦合***5(C1)，例如，一个止动销、同步器、或其他类型的渐进式或非渐进式联接器)而能够连接到该实心轴上。一个空心主轴6被连接到一台电动机器7、优选是(尽管这不是必须的)盘状轴向式机器式的转子上。在本发明的范围内还可以使用其他类型的电动机器，例如径向机器、永磁体或激励线圈机器、或者磁阻式机器。该空心轴6支撑两个固定的小齿轮8、9以用于第一传动比和第三传动比。空心轴6可以通过第一耦合***5(C1)而被连接到实心主轴1上。一个第一副轴10支撑用于第一档和第三档的两个惰轮12(RI)和11(R3)，以及用于第二档的一个固定小齿轮14。这些惰轮11、12可以通过一个第二耦合***13C2(例如，一个止动销、同步器、或者其他类型的渐进式或非渐进式联接器)而连接到该主轴上。该第一副轴10还支撑一个固定的中间传动装置15，该中间传动装置下行至一个差速器16，该差速器是连接到该车辆的车轮(未展示)的。
在该图的左端，该实心主轴1支撑一个用于第四档的固定小齿轮17，该固定小齿轮与用于第四档18(R4)、由一个第二副轴19支撑的惰轮相接合。第二副轴19同样支撑一个第三耦合装置21(C3)，该第三耦合装置用于将第四档的惰轮18与该第二副轴相耦合。第二副轴19的运动是通过一个传动小齿轮22传输到差速器16的。
第一耦合装置C1可以占据至少三个位置，在这些位置中：
-在图1、图2、图3、图5、图11中，该热机是与将电动机器7连接到车轮上的运动链解除耦合的，或者是借助该第二副轴(位置1)而与该运动链相耦合的，
-在图8、图9、图12中，这个连接到热机上的主轴是在或者不在该电动机器的帮助下与该第一副轴相耦合以驱动这些车轮(位置2)的，以及
-在图4、图6、图7、图10中，这个连接到热机上的主轴与这个连接到该电动机器上的主轴相耦合的方式为使它们在这些车轮方向上的对应转矩累加到一起(位置3)。
另外，热机可以驱动一台交流发电机(未展示)，该交流发电机能够通过对高压牵引电池充电而提供该电动机器的相关能量需求。于是，初始组装包括通过可逆电压转换器将该牵引电池连接到车辆的车载电池上。另一个解决方案是使该交流发电机成为一台高压交流发电机，该高压交流发电机是可直接连接到该电动机器的供应电池上的。通过这些准备工作，该热机以及用于对该车载电池进行再充电的交流发电机可以构成一种低成本发电机，该发电机能够在电动模式中提供该电动牵引机器的相关能量需求。
在图1中，三个耦合装置C1、C2、C3是断开的。
在图2中，C1是断开的(位置1)，而C2闭合的方式为使该第一档的惰轮12牢固地紧固到该第一副轴10上。该变速器是处于电动模式处于其第一传动比，已知为“电动城市”传动比。由该电动机器供应给该空心主轴的转矩经由该第一固定小齿轮RI而流到该惰轮12上。C2使惰轮12与该轴10连接而转动。转矩从该辅助路线经由该传动小齿轮16而流到差速器16上。
在图3中，C1仍是断开的(位置1)，而C2闭合的方式为使第三档的惰轮R3牢固地紧固到该第一副轴10上。变速器是处于电动模式处于变速器的第三传动比，已知为“电动城郊”传动比。由电动机器7供应给该空心主轴6的转矩经由第三档的固定小齿轮9而流到第三档的惰轮R3上。C1连接该惰轮R3和该轴10而转动。该转矩从该辅助路线经由小齿轮15流到差速器16上。
图4中描绘了电池再充电模式。仅C1是闭合而处于位置3的。两个主轴1、6被牢固地紧固在一起，并且该热机驱动该电动机器由此作为发电机起作用。
在图5中，该变速器处于热力模式处于其第四传动比。在这个传动比(已知为“热力高速公路”传动比)中，C1是断开的(位置1)。仅C3是闭合的。由该热机所供应的转矩经由该固定小齿轮17以及第四档的惰轮R4而传送到第二副轴19，并且然后再一次经由该小齿轮22而流到该差速器。
在这种情形的基础上，归功于处于位置3中的C1的这种闭合状态，有可能通过将电动机器的帮助加到该热机上而转换进入混合动力模式。于是这个第四传动比就变成“混合动力高速公路”传动比，如图6所展示的。
图7中描绘的是以该变速器的第一传动比的混合动力模式，在这种情况下该第一传动比变成“混合动力城市低速”传动比。C1是以位置3闭合的，其方式为将两个主轴1、6牢固地紧固在一起；C2闭合而处于第一传动比(小齿轮RI、12)。因此该热机的转矩以及电动机器的转矩被以第一传动比加到一起。
图8和图9展示了从图7中的“混合动力城市低速”传动比获得的两种中间混合动力模式，已知为“混合动力城市高速1”和“混合动力城市高速2”。这是通过保持该电动机器上接合的第一传动比，使该热机与该第二传动比同步，然后使得该热机经由处于位置2的第一耦合装置C1而与该第一副轴10耦合。如图8中所指明的，这些转矩被加在一起。
有可能使C2脱离接合而不使C1脱离接合，并且然后在使电动机器与第一副轴10同步之后使C2接合以便使二者牢固地紧固在一起。而变速器仍处于其第二传动比，因而已经换档到图9中的“混合动力城市高速2”传动比上。
如图9中所展示的，通过在无载荷条件下使热机同步之后使得C1摆入位置3，发生了到图10情形的使该热力转矩与电动转矩相加的第三传动比(已知为“混合动力城郊”)的换档。
然后还有可能通过允许电动机器在换档过程中保持第三传动比的传动，来换档到与图11一致的混合动力模式第四传动比。为了做到这一点，使得该C1耦合脱离接合(回到位置1)，并且然后在已经使该热机在无载荷条件下同步之后使得该C3闭合。
在图10的基础上，如果使得C1断开，并且按顺序在C2保持闭合的同时使得C3闭合，就有可能接合图11展示的“混合动力运动”传动比，此后就有可能换档到图6中的“混合动力高速公路”传动比。
最后，图12展示了以已知为“热力城市高速”的热力模式第二传动比，在这种传动比下仅C1是闭合的，其方式为使转矩经由R2而下降到第二传动比上。
总之，第一耦合装置5的这三个位置以及第二耦合装置13与第三耦合装置的这种组合介入使该变速器具有至少以下模式：
-以变速器的两个第一传动比的电动模式，已知为“电动城市”和“电动低速”(见图2和图3)；
-以第二传动比和第四传动比的热力模式，对应地已知为“热力城市高速”和“热力高速公路”(见图12和图5)；
-以第一传动比的混合动力模式，已知为“混合动力城市低速”(见图7)；
-以第二传动比的两种混合动力模式，已知为“混合动力城市1”和“混合动力城市2”(图8和图9)；
-以第三传动比的混合动力模式、已知为“混合动力城郊”(见图10)，以及以第四传动比的混合动力模式、已知为“混合动力高速公路”(图6)和“混合动力运动”(图11)，以及
-一种电池再充电模式(见图4)。
当取决于使用者是否希望使得主要用于城市或日常行驶的电动模式优先，或者希望采用另一种有利的混合动力模式以便增加驾驶者的自主权而根据以下两种运行次序(已知为“每周使用”和“混合动力使用”)来进行控制时，以上所述的变速器找到了特别有利的应用。以下将这些使用模式描述为用于控制所描述的变速器的特别有利的而非限制的方法。
“每周使用”使得与“热力高速公路模式”以及可能与“混合动力高速公路”模式相关联的两个电动传动比，即，“电动城市”传动比和“电动城郊”传动比优先。于是这两个电动传动比的使用是通过使得C2闭合在用于第一档或第三档的小齿轮上，直至达到一个速度阈值，此后通过断开C2并且通过将热机借助于C3而与这些车轮相耦合来执行到热力模式第四传动比的换档。以该第四传动比，因而还有可能通过使C3闭合来将热机与车轮相耦合、同时使这两个主轴借助于C2而耦合来使得混合动力传动比可供使用。
“混合动力使用”是通过中间热力传动比(第二传动比)增强的，尤其用于在转矩下的传动比改变。在涉及两个第一耦合装置C1和C2的相继换档至多个混合动力传动比之前，仅使用了一个电动传动比(用第一档的小齿轮上)。在离开电动模式时使用的第一混合动力传动比是图7中的“混合动力城市低速”模式。然后有可能通过将空心主轴与第一副轴相耦合而换档到图8中的有C2的相同闭合位置的第一“混合动力城市高速”传动比(混合动力城市高速1)、换档到第二混合动力城市传动比(图9)。如果C1脱离接合，有可能取决于C2是接合RI还是接合R3而从这两个“混合动力城市高速”传动比1和2受益。图10中的“混合动力城郊”传动比是通过将两个主轴借助于C1耦合而得到的第三传动比。如以上指明的，换档到混合动力高速公路模式(图6)是可以通过经过图11中的“混合动力运动”传动比的中间阶段来进行的。
根据本发明，在混合动力传动比之间改变档位是有转矩地执行的。具体的说，整个“混合动力使用”顺序是在每次换档过程中由该热机或者由电动机器电动机保持牵引而不使转矩中断地进行的。在“混合动力城市低速”与“混合动力城市高速1和2”，“混合动力城市高速2”、“混合动力运动”以及“混合动力高速公路”之间升档和降档就是这种情况。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器，该机动车辆装备有一台热机以及一台电动机器(7)，该变速器包括两个同轴的主轴(1，6)，这两个主轴被对应地连接到该热机和该电动机器上，每个主轴都支撑了在一个第一副轴(10)上的至少一个中间传动装置(4，8，9)，该第一副轴经由一个差速器(16)与该车辆的车轮相连接，并且一个第二副轴(19)将一个主轴的运动传输到该差速器(16)上，其特征在于，该变速器在这两个主轴(1，6)之间展现出一个第一耦合装置(C1)，该第一耦合装置能够占据至少三个位置，在这些位置中：
-该热机是与将该电动机器(7)连接到这些车轮上的该运动链解除耦合的，或者是通过该第二副轴而与该运动链相耦合的(位置1)，
-与该热机(1)相连的该主轴是与该第一副轴(10)相耦合的以便在或者不在该电动机器的帮助下驱动这些车轮(位置2)，以及
-与该热机(1)相连的该主轴是耦合到与该电动机器(6)相连的该主轴上的，其方式为使它们在这些车轮的方向上的相应转矩累加在一起(位置3)。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，该热机被连接到一个实心主轴(1)上，并且其特征在于，该电动机器(7)被连接到一个空心主轴(6)上。
3.如权利要求2所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，该第一副轴(10)支撑一个第二耦合装置(C2)，该第二耦合装置使之有可能将该空心主轴(6)的两个中间传动装置(8，9)中的一个或另一个耦合到该第一副轴(10)的惰轮(12，11)上。
4.如权利要求3所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，该第二副轴(19)支撑一个第三耦合装置(C3)，该第三耦合装置准许该实心主轴(1)与该第二副轴(19)相耦合。
5.如以上权利要求之一所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，该第一耦合装置(C1)的这三个位置以及该第二耦合装置(C2)与该第三耦合装置(C3)的组合介入使该混合动力变速器至少具有：
-两个传动比上的一种电动模式，
-在一个第二传动比和一个第四传动比上的一种热力模式；
-在三个传动比上的一种混合动力模式。
6.如以上权利要求之一所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，该热机驱动一台交流发电机，该交流发电机能够通过对一个高压牵引电池充电而提供该电动机器的相关能量需求。
7.如权利要求6所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，该牵引电池是通过一个可逆的电压转换器连接到该车辆的一个车载电池上的。
8.如权利要求6所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，该交流发电机是一个高压交流发电机，该高压交流发电机是可直接连接到该电动机器的一个供应电池上的。
9.一种用于如权利要求1至8之一所述的混合动力变速器的控制方法，其特征在于，通过使得该第二耦合装置(C2)闭合，该电动机器(7)在两个电动传动比中被用作一个单一的运动能量源，直至达到一个速度阈值，此后通过断开该第二耦合装置(C2)并且通过将该热机经由该第三耦合装置(C3)耦合到这些车轮上来执行到热力传动比的换档。
10.如权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，通过使得这两个主轴借助该第二耦合装置(C2)而耦合，同时通过闭合该第三耦合装置(C3)而使该热机保持与这些车轮相耦合还可获得一种混合动力传动比。
11.用于如权利要求1至8之一所述的混合动力变速器的控制方法，其特征在于，在相继改变到该第一耦合装置以及第二耦合装置(C1，C2)闭合的多个混合动力传动比之前，仅使用了一个电动传动比。
12.如权利要求11所述的控制方法，其特征在于，有可能以该第二耦合装置(C3)的同一个闭合位置获得两个混合动力传动比，这取决于这两个主轴是否被耦合，或者该空心主轴是否被耦合到该第一副轴上。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的控制方法，其特征在于，有可能以该第一耦合装置(C1)的同一个闭合位置获得两个不同的混合动力传动比，这取决于该第二耦合装置(C2)是将该空心主轴耦合到该第一副轴上的这两个中间传动装置中的一个上还是耦合到另一个上。
14.如权利要求9至13之一所述的控制方法，其特征在于，在这些混合动力传动比之间改变档位是在每次换档过程中由该热机或者由该电动机器保持该牵引而不使转矩中断地进行的。
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