CN107128160B - 用于混合动力电动车辆的车桥总成 - Google Patents

用于混合动力电动车辆的车桥总成 Download PDF

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CN107128160B
CN107128160B CN201710112479.1A CN201710112479A CN107128160B CN 107128160 B CN107128160 B CN 107128160B CN 201710112479 A CN201710112479 A CN 201710112479A CN 107128160 B CN107128160 B CN 107128160B
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gear
countershaft
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CN107128160A (zh
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格雷戈里·丹尼尔·格莱斯基
戴维·艾伦·贾森
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0813—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60W2710/083—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/91—Battery charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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Abstract

公开一种用于混合动力电动车辆的车桥总成。所述混合动力后桥提供除了非混合动力车桥的功能之外的多种功能。所述车桥以两个可选择的传动比将来自电动马达的动力传递到驱动轮以推进所述车辆。所述两个传动比中的一个可用于在发动机停止的情况下电动地推进所述车辆。在驱动轮静止的情况下，所述车桥将动力从驱动轴传输到所述马达而对电池充电或者将动力从所述马达传输到所述驱动轴以起动所述发动机。

Description

用于混合动力电动车辆的车桥总成
技术领域
本公开涉及混合动力电动车辆领域。更具体地，本公开涉及具有双速齿轮箱的混合动力电动车辆。
背景技术
传统上，大部分通用的道路车辆是由诸如汽油或柴油燃料的液体燃料提供动力的。当车辆需要动力时，内燃发动机将燃料中的化学能转化为机械能，并且动力传动系将所述机械能传递到车辆车轮。车辆在包括前进和倒车运动两者的宽范围的车辆速度下使用。然而，某些类型的内燃发动机只能在窄的速度范围内高效运行。因此，动力传动系通常包括可变传动比变速器。另外，差速器总成可将变速器输出轴连接到车辆车轮，提供额外的固定传动比并允许在车辆转弯时左车轮和右车轮以轻微不同的转速旋转。
为了减少液体燃料的消耗，一些被称为混合动力电动车辆的车辆利用诸如电池的电能储存。能量储存能力提供了灵活性，以在化学能的转换能够被最高效地完成时执行该转换，而不是在需要动力时一直执行该转换。一些被称为插电式混合动力电动车辆的混合动力电动车辆还适于以电的形式直接获得能量。
发明内容
一种电动车桥包括：差速器；副轴；电动马达；以及第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第三齿轮。所述差速器被构造为将动力从座架传输到两个半轴。所述副轴可驱动地连接到所述座架。例如，所述锥形环齿轮可固定地结合到所述座架并且锥形小齿轮可固定地结合到所述副轴并与所述锥形环齿轮啮合。所述电动马达具有转子轴。第一齿轮选择性地结合到所述副轴。例如，第一套筒可被支撑而随着所述副轴旋转并且可轴向地移动以与所述第一齿轮接合。第二齿轮可驱动地连接到所述第一齿轮并且选择性地结合到所述转子轴；第四齿轮可固定地结合到所述副轴并且与所述第三齿轮啮合。所述第三齿轮可驱动地连接到所述副轴并且选择性地结合到所述转子轴。第二套筒可被支撑而随着所述转子轴旋转并且可轴向地移动以交替地接合所述第二齿轮与所述第三齿轮。
所述电动车桥还可包括控制器。所述控制器被配置为通过命令所述第一套筒接合所述第一齿轮来建立ICE(内燃发动机)驱动模式。在处于所述ICE驱动模式时，所述控制器命令所述第二套筒接合所述第二齿轮以建立第一电动传动比或者接合所述第三齿轮以建立第二电动传动比。在建立所述电动传动比中的一个之后，所述控制器命令所述马达产生扭矩以推进车辆或者对电池充电。所述控制器被进一步配置成使用发动机功率对电池充电或者通过命令所述第一套筒与所述第一齿轮分离、命令所述第二套筒接合所述第二齿轮并命令所述马达产生扭矩而起动发动机。
根据本发明，提供一种混合动力电动驱动装置，包括：副轴，适于可驱动地连接到驱动轮；第一齿轮，选择性地结合到所述副轴并且适于可驱动地连接到变速器输出；电动马达，具有转子轴；第二齿轮，可驱动地连接到所述第一齿轮并且选择性地结合到所述转子轴；第三齿轮，可驱动地连接到所述副轴并且选择性地结合到所述转子轴。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述混合动力电动驱动装置还包括：第二套筒，被支撑而随着所述转子轴旋转并且被构造为轴向地移动以交替地接合所述第二齿轮与所述第三齿轮从而将所述第二齿轮与第三齿轮选择性地结合到所述转子轴。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述混合动力电动驱动装置还包括控制器，所述控制器被配置为：通过命令所述第一套筒接合所述第一齿轮来建立ICE驱动模式；在处于所述ICE驱动模式时，命令所述第二套筒接合所述第二齿轮以建立第一电动传动比或者接合所述第三齿轮以建立第二电动传动比；在建立所述第一电动传动比或者所述第二电动传动比之后，命令所述马达产生扭矩以推进驱动轮或者对电池充电。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中，所述控制器被进一步配置为：通过命令所述第一套筒与所述第一齿轮分离并且命令所述第二套筒接合第三齿轮来建立电动驱动模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中，所述控制器被进一步配置为：通过命令所述第一套筒与所述第一齿轮分离、命令所述第二套筒接合所述第二齿轮以及命令所述马达产生扭矩而对电池充电。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中，所述控制器被进一步配置为：通过命令所述第一套筒与所述第一齿轮分离、命令所述第二套筒接合所述第二齿轮以及命令所述马达产生扭矩而起动发动机。
根据本发明，提供一种混合动力电动车辆，包括：发动机；驱动轮；变速器，被构造为将动力从所述发动机传递到驱动轴；混合动力车桥，具有电动马达并且被构造为：将动力从所述驱动轴传输到所述驱动轮以推进所述车辆；以两种可选择的传动比将动力从所述马达传输到所述驱动轮以推进所述车辆；在所述驱动轮静止的情况下，将动力从所述驱动轴传输到所述马达以对电池充电；在所述驱动轮静止的情况下，将动力从所述马达传输到所述驱动轴以起动所述发动机。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中，所述混合动力电动车辆还包括：差速器，被构造为将动力从座架传递到所述驱动轮；副轴，可驱动地连接到所述座架；第一齿轮，选择性地结合到所述副轴并且可驱动地连接到所述驱动轴；第二齿轮，可驱动地连接到所述第一齿轮并且选择性地结合到所述电动马达；第三齿轮，可驱动地连接到所述副轴并且选择性地结合到所述电动马达。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述混合动力电动车辆还包括：锥形环齿轮，固定地结合到所述座架；锥形小齿轮，固定地结合到所述副轴并且与所述锥形环齿轮连续啮合以将副轴可驱动地连接到所述座架。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述混合动力电动车辆还包括：第一套筒，被支撑而随着所述副轴旋转并且被构造为轴向地移动以与所述第一齿轮接合以将所述第一齿轮选择性地结合到所述副轴。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述混合动力电动车辆还包括：第四齿轮，固定地结合到所述副轴并且与所述第三齿轮连续啮合以将所述第三齿轮可驱动地连接到所述副轴。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述混合动力电动车辆还包括：转子轴，可驱动地连接到电动马达的转子；第二套筒，被支撑而随着所述转子轴旋转并且被构造为轴向地移动以交替地接合所述第二齿轮与所述第三齿轮从而将所述第二齿轮与第三齿轮选择性地结合到所述转子轴。
附图说明
图1是混合动力电动车辆动力传动系的示意图。
图2是适合用于图1中的混合动力传动系的电动后车桥的示意图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，应理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为示例并且其它实施例可采用各种可替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；一些特征可被夸大或最小化，以显示特定部件的细节。所以，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅作为教导本领域技术人员以多种形式使用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的，参考任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可以与一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的多种组合和变型可能期望用于特定应用或实施方式。
齿轮传动装置是旋转元件和换挡元件的集合，换挡元件被构造为在旋转元件之间施加特定的转速关系。如果部件在至少一些工况下相对于变速器壳体旋转，则该部件被称为旋转元件。与任何换挡元件的状态无关而施加的一些转速关系被称为固定转速关系。仅当特定的换挡元件完全接合时，才施加被称为选择性的转速关系的其它转速关系。
如果一组元件被约束为在所有工况下均以相同转速围绕相同轴线旋转，则该组元件彼此固定地结合。可以通过花键连接、焊接、压装、由共同实体机加工或其它方式使所述元件固定地结合。固定地结合的元件之间可能出现旋转位移的轻微变化，比如由于花键冲击(spline lash)或轴柔量所产生的位移。相比之下，每当离合器完全接合时，换挡元件便约束两个元件以相同转速围绕相同轴线旋转，这两个元件通过换挡元件选择性地结合，并且在至少一些其它工况下这两个元件以不同的转速自由旋转。如果两个旋转元件被固定地结合或选择性地结合，则这两个旋转元件被结合。换挡元件包括诸如液压或电致动的离合器的主动控制的装置以及诸如单向离合器的被动装置。换挡元件可使用摩擦来使旋转元件结合或者可建立诸如互锁齿(interlocking teeth)的强制接合。通过将旋转元件选择性地结合到壳体而保持旋转元件不旋转的换挡元件可称为制动器。
如果动力流动路径将动力从一个旋转元件传送到另一个旋转元件并且在所有工况下将旋转速度约束为成比例，则这两个旋转元件可驱动地连接。可驱动地连接的元件不一定围绕与彼此相同的轴线旋转。旋转元件可通过轴、啮合齿轮、链轮和链、这些的各种组合或者其它方式来可驱动地相互连接。
图1示出了混合动力电动车辆动力传动系。内燃发动机10通过将化学能转化来产生机械动力以使曲轴12旋转。变速器以可变的传动比将机械动力从曲轴12传输至驱动轴16。传动比被选择成使得曲轴12可以以发动机10高效地运转下的转速旋转，而驱动轴16以与车辆速度成比例的转速旋转。后桥18在左车轮20和右车轮22之间对来自于驱动轴16的动力进行分配。后桥18将几乎相等的扭矩提供到每个后车轮，同时当车辆转弯时允许车轮之间存在一些转速差异。除了与后桥相关联的传统的功能，混合动力后桥18提供将在下文详细描述的额外的功能。因为后车轮20和22被用于推进车辆，所以它们被称为驱动轮。虽然前车轮24和26在图1所示的构造中不推进车辆，但是在一些构造中可设置另外的组件来将动力转移至前车轮。控制器28基于诸如换挡杆(PRNDL)、加速踏板以及制动踏板的驾驶员输入将控制信号发送到发动机10、变速器14以及混合动力后桥18。
图2示意地示出了利用副轴齿轮传动的双速混合动力电动车桥18。马达30包括固定到壳体的定子32和固定到转子轴36的转子34，该转子轴通过轴承支撑而用于旋转。所述马达可以是直流(DC)马达或者诸如同步永磁体马达或感应马达的交流(AC)马达。这里所使用的术语马达包括既能够将电功率转化为机械功率又能够将机械功率转化为电功率的可逆电机。在图1所示的AC马达中，由转子34施加在轴36上的扭矩与流经定子32的绕组的电流相关。在马达运行期间，逆变器38从电池40汲取直流电功率并且将三相交流电供应至定子32的绕组。控制器28发送信号到逆变器38以指示逆变器38调节每个绕组中的电压、频率以及相位，以使期望的转矩通过转子34而施加。在发电运行期间，控制器28指示逆变器38控制电压、频率以及相位，以使施加的转矩与旋转的方向相反。因此，产生的电力被转化为直流而储存在电池40中。
副轴42通过轴承支撑而旋转。锥形小齿轮44固定地结合到副轴42并且与固定地结合到差速器座架48的锥形环齿轮46啮合。副轴42的旋转轴线和座架48的轴线几乎垂直。这些轴线还可偏移，在这种情况下，小齿轮44和环齿轮46将具有准双曲面齿轮几何形状。锥形行星齿轮(未示出)相对于差速器座架48旋转并且与固定地结合到左半轴50和右半轴52锥形侧齿轮(未示出)啮合。因此，虽然左半轴和右半轴的转速可彼此不相同，但是所述半轴的平均转速基于小齿轮44和环齿轮46上的齿的相对数量而与副轴42的转速成比例。左半轴50固定地结合到左后驱动轮20而右半轴52固定地结合到右后驱动轮22。因此，副轴42可驱动地连接到驱动轮20和22。
第一齿轮54被支撑而围绕副轴42旋转并且与固定地结合到驱动轴16的齿轮56啮合。第二齿轮58被支撑而围绕转子轴36旋转并且与第一齿轮54啮合。第三齿轮60被支撑而围绕转子轴36旋转并且与固定地结合到副轴42的第四齿轮62啮合。第三齿轮60具有小于第二齿轮58的节径。
第一套筒(sleeve)64被支撑而随着副轴42旋转。控制器28将命令发送到致动器66以使拨叉68平移从而使套筒64轴向地滑动。当套筒64滑动至左边(行驶)时，犬齿与第一齿轮54接合以将第一齿轮54选择性地结合到副轴42。接合这个行驶离合器(drive clutch)在驱动轴16和驱动轮之间建立动力流动路径。当套筒64滑动至右边(驻车)时，犬齿与壳体接合以选择性地保持副轴42不旋转。接合这个制动器防止车辆运动。将套筒64置于中央位置使副轴42与第一齿轮54以及壳体两者分离。
第二套筒70被支撑而随着转子轴36旋转。控制器28将命令发送到致动器72以使拨叉74平移从而使套筒70轴向地滑动。当套筒70滑动到至左边(高速)时，犬齿与第二齿轮58接合以将第二齿轮58选择性地结合到转子轴36。接合这个高速离合器在驱动轴16和转子34之间建立动力流动路径。如果(如以上所描述的)行驶离合器也接合，则在转子34和驱动轮之间也建立动力流动路径。当套筒70滑动到右边(低速)时，犬齿与第三齿轮60接合以将第三齿轮60选择性地结合到转子轴36。无论行驶离合器是否也接合，接合这个低速离合器均在转子34和驱动轮之间建立动力流动路径。如果行驶离合器也接合，则在转子34和驱动轴16之间也建立动力流动路径。对于驱动轮和驱动轴16的给定的转速而言，归因于第三齿轮60的节径相对于第二齿轮58较小，所以转子34在低速离合器接合时比在高速离合器接合时旋转得更快。将套筒70置于中央位置使转子轴36与第二齿轮58以及第三齿轮60两者分离。
图2的混合动力后桥使图1的动力传动系能够以多种运转模式运转以改善总体的燃料效率。首先，车辆可以在纯内燃发动机(ICE)模式下运转。在这种模式下，套筒64与行驶离合器接合。套筒70可被置于中间位置，使得低速离合器和高速离合器两者均不接合。在这种模式下，发动机和变速器运转以满足当前驾驶员需求扭矩。使用每个车轮上的摩擦制动满足制动力的任意需求。没有能量被储存在电池40中也没有从电池40中汲取能量。
当处于ICE模式时，套筒70可被用于接合高速离合器以在马达与车轮之间建立第一电动传动比。一旦高速离合器接合，控制器可命令逆变器以使马达施加期望量的扭矩。控制器可使用发动机和变速器来满足驾驶员需求的一部分，同时使用马达来满足其余部分。这样做减小了即时燃料消耗，同时从电池40汲取电能。在其他时候，控制器可命令发动机和变速器产生多于当前驾驶员需求的动力并且命令马达沿着相反方向施加扭矩以吸收过剩的动力。虽然这增加了即时燃料消耗，但却将电能储存在电池40中。因为储存的电能可被用于未来的工况中以按照比这个充电操作中增加的即时燃料消耗更多的量来减少即时燃料消耗，所以使用这种充电操作可改善总体的燃料经济性。
如果在选择ICE模式且高速离合器接合时驾驶员命令制动，则可命令马达提供需要的负扭矩。控制器将摩擦制动扭矩减小相应的量，以使总制动力与驾驶员需求匹配。车辆动能被转化为储存在电池中的电能。该能量可在以后使用以减少燃料消耗。在制动操作期间命令发动机不产生动力。
在低车速下，套筒70可沿着相反方向移动以接合低速离合器。在ICE模式下，使用电动马达可以使用相同的选项。特别地，所述马达可以提供额外的扭矩、使用多余的发动机功率对电池充电或者在制动期间对电池充电。然而，对于任何给定的车速，所述马达旋转得更快，使得马达更高效地运转。当接合高速离合器或低速离合器时，所述马达可以置于转速控制模式以使转子轴36的转速分别与齿轮58或60匹配。
通过将套筒64置于空挡位置并使用套筒70接合低速离合器，建立纯电动模式。在这种情况下，在驱动轴16和车轮或者马达之间不存在动力流动路径。发动机可以停止以将燃料使用减小到零。在转子34和驱动轮之间建立动力流动路径。控制器命令电动马达使用电池动力来满足驾驶员动力需求。当驾驶员要求制动时，控制器使用电动马达扭矩和摩擦制动的组合来满足该请求。
如果在电动驱动模式下电池耗尽，或者如果马达不能够独自满足需求，则期望起动发动机。如果车辆正在运动，那么这可使用电动马达30来实现。首先，将变速器设置在空挡。然后，移动套筒64以接合行驶离合器。为了克服动力传动系以及其他组件的惯性，行驶离合器可包括类似于手动变速器同步器的摩擦表面。一旦行驶离合器接合，变速器离合器便可逐渐地接合以将发动机提速。在此过程期间，控制器可向马达30请求额外的扭矩从而继续将需求的动力输送至驱动轮。一旦发动机达到一定转速，控制器便开始输送燃料并点火以开始燃烧过程。
如果车辆静止，则需要不同的起动发动机的方法。为了在车辆静止时起动发动机，行驶离合器分离而高速离合器接合。这在转子34和驱动轴16之间建立动力流动路径。变速器接合于某一挡时，在转子34和发动机之间建立动力流动路径。控制器命令电动马达30产生扭矩以将发动机提速至怠速。由于行驶离合器分离，所以没有扭矩被传递至车轮并且车辆的速度不受约束。
当行驶离合器分离且高速离合器接合而发动机运行时，来自发动机的动力可用于经由马达30对电池充电。这允许车辆在驻车挡时进行充电。但是，变速器内的驻车锁不能使车辆在这种模式下保持静止。为了使车辆在这种模式下保持静止，套筒64被移动到驻车位置以使副轴42和车轮保持静止。
虽然上文描述了示例性实施例，但是并不意味着这些实施例描述了权利要求所包含的所有可能的形式。说明书中所使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所述，可将各种实施例的特征进行组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管针对一个或更多个期望特性，各种实施例可能已经被描述为提供优点或者优于其它实施例或现有技术实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员应该认识到，根据特定的应用和实施方式，一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷以实现期望的整体***属性。因此，被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术实施方式合意的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外，并可被期望用于特定的应用。

Claims (11)

1.一种电动车桥，包括：
差速器，被构造成将动力从座架传输到两个半轴；
副轴，可驱动地连接到所述座架；
第一齿轮，选择性地结合到所述副轴；
电动马达，具有转子轴；
第二齿轮，可驱动地连接到所述第一齿轮并且选择性地结合到所述转子轴；以及
第三齿轮，可驱动地连接到所述副轴并且选择性地结合到所述转子轴；
第四齿轮，固定地结合到所述副轴并且与所述第三齿轮连续啮合以将所述第三齿轮可驱动地连接到所述副轴；
第一套筒，被支撑为随着所述副轴旋转并且被构造为沿第一方向轴向地移动而被固定地接合以选择性地保持所述副轴不旋转，以及沿第二方向轴向地移动而与所述第一齿轮接合以将所述第一齿轮选择性地结合到所述副轴。
2.如权利要求1所述的电动车桥，还包括：
锥形环齿轮，固定地结合到所述座架；以及
锥形小齿轮，固定地结合到所述副轴并且与所述锥形环齿轮连续啮合以将所述副轴可驱动地连接到所述座架。
3.如权利要求1所述的电动车桥，还包括：第二套筒，被支撑为随着所述转子轴旋转并且被构造为轴向地移动以交替地接合所述第二齿轮与所述第三齿轮从而将所述第二齿轮与所述第三齿轮选择性地结合到所述转子轴。
4.如权利要求3所述的电动车桥，还包括控制器，所述控制器被配置为通过命令所述第一套筒接合所述第一齿轮来建立内燃发动机驱动模式；在处于所述内燃发动机驱动模式时，所述控制器命令所述第二套筒接合所述第二齿轮以建立第一电动传动比或者接合所述第三齿轮以建立第二电动传动比；在建立所述电动传动比中的一个之后，所述控制器命令所述马达产生扭矩以推进车辆或者对电池充电。
5.如权利要求4所述的电动车桥，其中，所述控制器被进一步配置为：使用发动机功率对电池充电，或者通过命令所述第一套筒与所述第一齿轮分离、命令所述第二套筒接合所述第二齿轮并命令所述马达产生扭矩而起动发动机。
6.一种混合动力电动驱动装置，包括：
副轴，适于可驱动地连接到驱动轮；
第一齿轮，选择性地结合到所述副轴并且适于可驱动地连接到变速器输出；
电动马达，具有转子轴；
第二齿轮，可驱动地连接到所述第一齿轮并且选择性地结合到所述转子轴；以及
第三齿轮，可驱动地连接到所述副轴并且选择性地结合到所述转子轴；
第四齿轮，固定地结合到所述副轴并且与所述第三齿轮连续啮合以将所述第三齿轮可驱动地连接到所述副轴；
第一套筒，被支撑为随着所述副轴旋转并且被构造为沿第一方向轴向地移动而被固定地接合以选择性地保持所述副轴不旋转，以及沿第二方向轴向地移动而与所述第一齿轮接合以将所述第一齿轮选择性地结合到所述副轴。
7.如权利要求6所述的混合动力电动驱动装置，其中，所述副轴适于经由锥形小齿轮可驱动地连接到驱动轮，所述锥形小齿轮固定地结合到所述副轴并且被构造为与差速器的锥形环齿轮啮合。
8.如权利要求6所述的混合动力电动驱动装置，还包括：第二套筒，被支撑而随着所述转子轴旋转并且被构造为轴向地移动以交替地接合所述第二齿轮与所述第三齿轮从而将所述第二齿轮与第三齿轮选择性地结合到所述转子轴。
9.如权利要求8所述的混合动力电动驱动装置，还包括控制器，所述控制器被配置为：通过命令所述第一套筒接合所述第一齿轮来建立内燃发动机驱动模式；在处于所述内燃发动机驱动模式时，命令所述第二套筒接合所述第二齿轮以建立第一电动传动比或者接合所述第三齿轮以建立第二电动传动比；在建立所述第一电动传动比或者所述第二电动传动比之后，命令所述马达产生扭矩以推进驱动轮或者对电池充电。
10.如权利要求9所述的混合动力电动驱动装置，其中，所述控制器被进一步配置为：通过命令所述第一套筒与所述第一齿轮分离并且命令所述第二套筒接合第三齿轮来建立电动驱动模式。
11.一种混合动力电动车辆，包括：
发动机；
驱动轮；
变速器，被构造为将动力从所述发动机传递到驱动轴；以及
混合动力车桥，具有电动马达、差速器、副轴、第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第一套筒，所述副轴可驱动地连接到所述差速器的座架，所述第一齿轮选择性地结合到所述副轴并且可驱动地连接到所述驱动轴，所述第二齿轮固定地结合到所述副轴，所述第一套筒被支撑为随着所述副轴旋转并且被构造为沿第一方向轴向地移动以被固定地接合而选择性地保持所述副轴不旋转，以及沿第二方向轴向地移动以与所述第一齿轮接合以将所述第一齿轮选择性地结合到所述副轴，并且，
所述混合动力车桥被构造为：
将动力从所述驱动轴传输到所述驱动轮以推进所述车辆；
以两种可选择的传动比将动力从所述马达传输到所述驱动轮以推进所述车辆；
在所述驱动轮静止并且在使所述副轴沿第一方向轴向地移动而被固定地接合以选择性地保持所述副轴不旋转的情况下，将动力从所述驱动轴传输到所述马达以对电池充电；以及
在所述驱动轮静止的情况下，将动力从所述马达传输到所述驱动轴以起动所述发动机。
CN201710112479.1A 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 用于混合动力电动车辆的车桥总成 Active CN107128160B (zh)

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