CN103952579A - Preparation method of zero-defect beryllium copper cast ingot and special-purpose equipment thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of zero-defect beryllium copper cast ingot and special-purpose equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material casting and specifically relates to a preparation method of zero-defect beryllium copper cast ingot and special-purpose equipment thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing materials before smelting, filling materials, smelting, casting and carrying out homogeneous thermal treatment; heating a cleaned cast ingot to 380-480 DEG C, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then naturally cooling to the room temperature, wherein the temperature rise rate is 50 DEG C/hour. A special-purpose vacuum smelting furnace comprises a vacuum smelting furnace body, a vacuum device and an electrical control device, wherein a smelting crucible is placed in the furnace body; the smelting crucible is connected with a rotary device; a mould for injection molding is placed at one side of the smelting crucible; a stirring device for stirring materials in the smelting crucible is arranged on the upper part of the furnace body. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, vacuum casting is adopted, so that problems such as a plurality of internal cast ingot defects and poor compactness caused by beryllium copper oxidization in a casting process can be effectively lowered, and therefore, the later-stage machining yield of the beryllium copper cast ingot is effectively improved, and the machining cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallic substance casting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method and specific equipment thereof of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting.
Background technology
Beryllium copper is a kind of precipitation hardening type alloy, it is unique non-ferrous alloy of mechanical property, physicals, chemical property and etch resistant properties good combination, after solid solution and timeliness thermal treatment, there is the high strength limit, elastic limit, yield strength and the safe range of stress suitable with special steel, possess again high electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, high rigidity and wear resistance, the high erosion performance of wriggling simultaneously, also there is good castability, non magnetic and sparkless conductivity while impacting.
Because beryllium copper possesses many excellent properties, its use is more and more extensive, has become indispensable essential industry material in the development of the national economy.External beryllium copper is mainly used in car electrics manufacture, computer and telecommunication industry.In addition, beryllium copper also has a wide range of applications in industries such as aerospace, household electrical appliance, electronic machine, machinery, undersea cable, oil, coals
Yet, some characteristics due to beryllium, in copper, add after a small amount of beryllium, compare with conventional copper alloy (as red copper, brass etc.), there is huge change in its character, be embodied in the problems such as hard state effect is obvious, smelting temperature raising, fluidity of molten variation, the casting of beryllium copper all adopts conventional casting mode at present simultaneously, in casting cycle due to beryllium copper oxidation, cause that foundry goods is inner easily to be formed loose, cavity and the various casting flaw such as be mingled with, thereby have a strong impact on follow-up press working and mechanical workout.
The preparation method of beryllium copper ingot casting is mainly traditional vacuum induction melting method, as the manufacture method > > of the disclosed < < by name on March 21st, 2012 of a Patent Office of the People's Republic of China high-strength high-conductivity beryllium copper, number of patent application 201110354310.X, it discloses a kind of high-strength high-conductivity beryllium copper and manufacture method thereof, it adopts after vacuum arc furnace melting, comes out of the stove and carries out normal pouring.And for example, Patent Office of the People's Republic of China's Granted publication day is disclosed < < by name on November 15th, 2006 beryllium copper > >, the patent No. is 200410036558.1 patent of invention, and it mainly discloses a kind of component of beryllium copper and has utilized electric furnace to carry out the process of melting.
The smelting of above-mentioned two disclosed beryllium coppers of patent documentation, ingot casting process, the various casting flaw such as be very easy in foundry goods to form loose, cavity and be mingled with, thus have a strong impact on follow-up beryllium copper processing and lumber recovery, the serious waste product that causes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the defect that prior art exists, provide a kind of melting and cast all under vacuum state, to carry out, simultaneously in conjunction with advanced melting technology, can effectively reduce foreign matter content in beryllium copper solution, improve beryllium copper flow of solution, thereby can obtain preparation method and the specific equipment thereof of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting of fine and close beryllium copper ingot casting.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting, comprises the following steps:
A) preparation of material before melting:
The electroslag agent that melting is used is standby after being not less than 300 ℃ of bakings;
The electrolytic copper that melting is used is preheated to 500～600 ℃, carries out after surface treatment standby;
B) charging: in proportion above-mentioned standby electroslag agent is placed in to smelting pot bottom, beryllium copper mother alloy is placed in to smelting pot middle part, then above-mentioned standby electrolytic copper is placed on to beryllium copper mother and closes surrounding and covered;
C) melting: will install the smelting pot of material and the mould of cast use is placed in vacuum melting furnace, then close the fire door heating that vacuumizes, heats up; Heat-up rate is: room temperature to 900 ℃, and heat-up rate is 300 ℃/h, after 900 ℃, is incubated after 0.5-1 hour, continues to be warming up to 1200-1300 ℃, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h, treats that vacuum tightness reaches 1 * 10
-3pa ± 0.2 * 10
-3time, insulation, standing 0.5-1 hour; In above-mentioned fusion process, temperature reaches after 1000 ℃, starts whipping appts, the melting materials capable in smelting pot is stirred 2-4 times to each 10-30 minutes;
D) cast: by above-mentioned melted beryllium copper, be poured in vacuum melting furnace in mould, be cooled to after room temperature until the ingot casting in mould, open vacuum melting furnace, take out ingot casting from mould, purifying processing is carried out in ingot casting surface;
E) homogenizing thermal treatment: the ingot casting after above-mentioned cleaning is heated to 380-480 ℃, is incubated 2 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature; Heat-up rate is 50 ℃/h.
The CaO that above-mentioned electroslag agent is is 40-75% by weight percent, 10-30% Al
2o
3, 15-30% MgO forms.
The beryllium copper that above-mentioned beryllium copper mother alloy is 2-4% for the weight percent containing beryllium.
The weight percent of above-mentioned electroslag agent, beryllium copper mother alloy and electrolytic copper is 1-2%:2-5%:94-97%.
In above-mentioned cast step, teeming temperature is controlled at 1100-1200 ℃, adopts top pouring type, and pouring speed is 2-4 kg/minute, and rate of cooling is 100-150 ℃/min, when cooling, in vacuum melting furnace, is filled with nitrogen; Stirring in melting step is to adopt magnetic stirring apparatus.
Produce the Special vacuum smelting furnace of above-mentioned a kind of beryllium copper ingot casting, comprise vacuum melting furnace body, vacuum extractor, electrical control gear, the smelting pot that it is characterized in that being placed in body of heater is by crucible, the body skin that is wrapped in the heating unit outside crucible and is enclosed within on heating unit forms, in body skin both sides, correspondence position is provided with short supporting axle, smelting pot is arranged on the support in body of heater by the short supporting axle of both sides, wherein the short supporting axle of a side is connected with coupling shaft one end, the coupling shaft the other end is connected with swivel arrangement through body of heater, between coupling shaft and body of heater, adopt rotatable being tightly connected, at smelting pot one, be sidelong the mould that is equipped with cast use.
The above-mentioned swivel arrangement being connected with coupling shaft is rotary handle or motor.
The temperature measuring equipment of measuring temperature in smelting pot is installed on above-mentioned body of heater.
Above-mentioned whipping appts is magnetic stirring apparatus.
The present invention adopts and in vacuum melting furnace, carries out melting and the integrated new technology of casting, simultaneously by rational proportion and the placement of electroslag agent, beryllium copper mother alloy and electrolytic copper, can active adsorption in fusion process and filter the impurity in beryllium copper solution and be mingled with, beryllium copper solution after melting is purified, the mobility of liquation improves simultaneously, thereby can obtain the minimum beryllium copper ingot casting of fine and close defect when cast; Owing to adopting vacuum casting, can effectively prevent beryllium copper oxidation in casting cycle that antivacuum casting that prior art adopts brings, the problem such as the inside ingot defect that causes is many, density is poor, can effectively improve the lumber recovery of beryllium copper ingot casting post-production, cuts down finished cost.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention and specific equipment, the density of the ingot casting that obtains is between 96%～98%, and grain fineness number is between 40～80 μ m, and maximum internal defect (cavity and be mingled with) is less than 10mm.Above-mentioned technical indicator is far longer than the corresponding technical indicator of the ingot casting of prior art production, simultaneously because subsurface defect is little and few, lumber recovery in the course of processing is more than 70%, and higher than 50% left and right of prior art, ton tooling cost can reduce more than 30%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of specific equipment of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the top plan view of specific equipment of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representation of smelting pot in specific equipment of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the vertical view of smelting pot in specific equipment of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1,2,3, 4, Special vacuum smelting furnace comprises body of heater 2, vacuum extractor, the electrical control gear of vacuum melting furnace, wherein vacuum extractor is connected with the vapor pipe 8 of lower portion of furnace body, and electrical control gear is for controlling the vacuum extractor of vacuum melting furnace, the heating of smelting pot etc.Be placed on smelting pot 3 in body of heater 2 by crucible 3-3, be wrapped in the heating unit 3-2 outside crucible and the body skin 3-1 that is enclosed within on heating unit forms, in body skin both sides, correspondence position is provided with short supporting axle 3-4, smelting pot is by the short supporting axle 3-4 of both sides and be arranged on the support 5 in body of heater with the supporting seat 4 that short supporting axle matches, wherein the short supporting axle of a side is connected with coupling shaft 11 one end, the coupling shaft the other end is connected with swivel arrangement through body of heater, adopts rotatable being tightly connected between coupling shaft and body of heater; Above-mentioned swivel arrangement is mounted in the rotary handle 12 on coupling shaft, also can adopt motor to drive smelting pot to cast.On Special vacuum smelting furnace top, be useful on the manhole 1 of the mould of placing smelting pot and cast use.
At smelting pot one, be sidelong the mould 6 that is equipped with cast use, for guaranteeing the placement of mould, the mounting plate 7 of level is equipped with for the placement of the mould of the use of casting in the bottom in the body of heater of vacuum melting furnace; In upper of furnace body, the whipping appts 9 stirring for the material in smelting pot and the temperature measuring equipment 10 of measuring temperature in smelting pot are installed, whipping appts is the magnetic stirring apparatus that adopts magnetic force driving.
Embodiment 1:
The preparation method of beryllium copper ingot casting, comprises the following steps:
A) preparation of material before melting:
The requirement of preparing according to the size of smelting pot and foundry goods, calculates electroslag agent weight and shop fixtures thickness that melting is used, at 300 ℃, toasts, and removes after steam standby; Melting is the CaO that is 40% by weight percent, 30% Al with electroslag agent
2o
3form with 30% MgO.
The electrolytic copper that melting is used is preheated to 500 ℃, and carry out after surface treatment standby, to remove impurity and the moisture on electrolytic copper surface;
B) charging: the ratio that is 1%:2%:97% in the weight percent of electroslag agent, beryllium copper mother alloy and electrolytic copper is placed in smelting pot bottom by above-mentioned standby electroslag agent, beryllium copper mother alloy is placed in to smelting pot middle part, then above-mentioned standby electrolytic copper is placed on to beryllium copper mother and closes surrounding and covered; The beryllium copper that beryllium copper mother alloy is 2% for the weight percent containing beryllium.
C) melting: the smelting pot that installs material is put into vacuum melting furnace with the mould of cast use by the manhole 1 that is placed in vacuum melting furnace top, then manhole is airtight, the vacuum extractor being connected by the vapor pipe 8 with lower portion of furnace body, to vacuumizing in body of heater, simultaneously by electrical control gear to the smelting pot heating that heats up; Heat-up rate is: room temperature to 900 ℃, and heat-up rate is 300 ℃/h, after 900 ℃, is incubated after 0.5 hour, continues to be warming up to 1200-1300 ℃, this section of heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h; In above-mentioned fusion process, temperature reaches after 1000 ℃, starts magnetic stirring apparatus, and the melting materials capable in smelting pot is stirred 2 times, each 30 minutes, treats that vacuum tightness reaches 1 * 10
-3pa ± 0.2 * 10
-3time, insulation, standing 0.5 hour;
Carrying out along with melting process, be positioned at the electroslag agent of crucible bottom because its density is lighter, rise gradually, the oxygen in melt and metal, nonmetallic impurity are adsorbed in electroslag agent, also played simultaneously and filtered the effect of inclusion, thereby made beryllium copper solution obtain purification; Electroslag agent is risen and is arrived after smelting pot internal surface, forms tectum on surface, can effectively prevent the generation of bath surface oxidative phenomena in casting process subsequently; By stirring, not only can make alloying constituent more even, and be conducive to the gas in liquid to be got rid of fast and slag making, better solve inside ingot pore and be mingled with phenomenon, auxiliary stirring simultaneously can improve smelting efficiency, save energy.
D) cast: by above-mentioned melted beryllium copper, be poured in mould in vacuum melting furnace, teeming temperature is controlled at 1100 ℃, adopts top pouring type, and pouring speed is 4 kg/minute;
In casting cycle, stop vacuumizing, simultaneously to being filled with nitrogen in vacuum melting furnace, carry out cooling, rate of cooling is 100 ℃/min, until the ingot casting in mould, is cooled to after room temperature, opens vacuum melting furnace, from mould, take out ingot casting, purifying processing is carried out in ingot casting surface.The purifying processing on this ingot casting surface adopts prior art to carry out.
Cast is by being arranged on the rotation of the rotary handle 12 outside the body of heater of vacuum melting furnace, driving the smelting pot rotation being arranged on the support 5 in body of heater, the beryllium copper in smelting pot being poured in mould in above-mentioned vacuum melting furnace.Mould can adopt graphite material to make.
E) homogenizing thermal treatment: the ingot casting after above-mentioned cleaning is heated to 380 ℃, is incubated 2 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature; Heat-up rate is 50 ℃/h.By homogenizing thermal treatment, can make the metallographic structure of inside ingot more even, be conducive to post-production.
The density of the beryllium copper ingot casting of producing by above-described embodiment is more than 96%, and grain fineness number is between 40～80 μ m, and maximum internal defect (cavity and be mingled with) is less than 10mm.
By the tracking investigation to beryllium copper processing enterprise, the beryllium copper ingot casting that the equipment of this complete processing is produced, lumber recovery is more than 70%, and higher than 50% left and right of prior art, ton tooling cost can reduce more than 30%.
Embodiment 2---and 6:
On the basis of above-mentioned Special vacuum smelting furnace and embodiment 1, the following technical indicator in the preparation method of change beryllium copper ingot casting, also can obtain the minimum beryllium copper ingot casting of defect.
A) preparation of material before melting:
| Embodiment | The storing temperature of electroslag agent | Electrolytic copper preheating | Electroslag agent | Beryllium copper mother alloy |
| Embodiment 2 | 320℃ | 500℃ | 50％、30％、20％ | 3.6％ |
| Embodiment 3 | 350℃ | 600℃ | 60％、20％、20％ | 4％ |
| Embodiment 4 | 330℃ | 520℃ | 75％、10％、15％ | 3％ |
| Embodiment 5 | 340℃ | 550℃ | 50％、20％、30％ | 4％ |
| Embodiment 6 | 360℃ | 580℃ | 65％、15％、20％ | 3％ |
C) melting:
C) melting, cast:
E) homogenizing thermal treatment:
| Embodiment | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 |
| Ingot casting Heating temperature | 390℃ | 400℃ | 420℃ | 460℃ | 470℃ |
Electroslag agent is by CaO, Al in the above-described embodiments
2o
3form with MgO, three's weight percent is for listed in table.
The density of the beryllium copper ingot casting of producing by above-described embodiment is more than 96%, and grain fineness number is between 40～80 μ m, and maximum internal defect (cavity and be mingled with) is less than 10mm.The beryllium copper ingot casting of producing by above-described embodiment, because its density is high, subsurface defect is little, the Grain size distribution of the metallurgical structure of beryllium copper is even, can effectively improve the rate of becoming a useful person in following process, reduce the scrap rate causing due to beryllium copper inside ingot defect.
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting, comprises the following steps:
A) preparation of material before melting:
The electroslag agent that melting is used is standby after being not less than 300 ℃ of bakings;
The electrolytic copper that melting is used is preheated to 500～600 ℃, carries out after surface treatment standby;
B) charging: in proportion above-mentioned standby electroslag agent is placed in to smelting pot bottom, beryllium copper mother alloy is placed in to smelting pot middle part, then above-mentioned standby electrolytic copper is placed on to beryllium copper mother and closes surrounding and covered;
C) melting: will install the smelting pot of material and the mould of cast use is placed in vacuum melting furnace, heating vacuumizes, heats up after airtight; Heat-up rate is: room temperature to 900 ℃, and heat-up rate is 300 ℃/h, after 900 ℃, is incubated after 0.5-1 hour, continues to be warming up to 1200-1300 ℃, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h, treats that vacuum tightness reaches 1 * 10
-3pa ± 0.2 * 10
-3time, insulation, standing 0.5-1 hour; In above-mentioned fusion process, temperature reaches after 1000 ℃, starts whipping appts, the melting materials capable in smelting pot is stirred 2-4 times to each 10-30 minutes;
D) cast: by above-mentioned melted beryllium copper, be poured in vacuum melting furnace in mould, be cooled to after room temperature until the ingot casting in mould, open vacuum melting furnace, take out ingot casting from mould, purifying processing is carried out in ingot casting surface;
E) homogenizing thermal treatment: the ingot casting after above-mentioned cleaning is heated to 380-480 ℃, is incubated 2 hours, then naturally cool to room temperature; Heat-up rate is 50 ℃/h.
2. the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 1, is characterized in that above-mentioned electroslag agent is the CaO that is 40-75% by weight percent, 10-30% Al
2o
3, 15-30% MgO forms.
3. the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 2, is characterized in that the beryllium copper that above-mentioned beryllium copper mother alloy is 2-4% for the weight percent containing beryllium.
4. the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 3, the weight percent that it is characterized in that above-mentioned electroslag agent, beryllium copper mother alloy and electrolytic copper is 1-2%:2-5%:94-97%.
5. the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 4, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned cast step, teeming temperature is controlled at 1100-1200 ℃, adopt top pouring type, pouring speed is 2-4 kg/minute, rate of cooling is 100-150 ℃/min, when cooling, in vacuum melting furnace, is filled with nitrogen.
6. produce the Special vacuum smelting furnace of above-mentioned a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting, comprise vacuum melting furnace body, vacuum extractor, electrical control gear, it is characterized in that the smelting pot (3) being placed in body of heater (2) is by crucible (3-3), the body skin (3-1) that is wrapped in the heating unit (3-2) outside crucible and is enclosed within on heating unit forms, at body skin both sides correspondence position, short supporting axle (3-4) is installed, smelting pot is arranged on the support (5) in body of heater (2) by the short supporting axle (3-4) of both sides, wherein the short supporting axle of a side is connected with coupling shaft (11) one end, the coupling shaft the other end is connected with swivel arrangement through body of heater, between coupling shaft and body of heater, adopt rotatable being tightly connected, at smelting pot one, be sidelong the mould (6) that is equipped with cast use, in upper of furnace body, the whipping appts (9) stirring for the material in smelting pot is installed.
7. the Special vacuum smelting furnace of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper of production according to claim 6 ingot casting, is characterized in that the above-mentioned swivel arrangement being connected with coupling shaft (11) is rotary handle (12) or motor.
8. the Special vacuum smelting furnace of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper of production according to claim 7 ingot casting, is characterized in that being provided with on above-mentioned body of heater (2) temperature measuring equipment (10) of measuring temperature in smelting pot.
9. the Special vacuum smelting furnace of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper of production according to claim 7 ingot casting, is characterized in that above-mentioned whipping appts is magnetic stirring apparatus.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105478698A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-04-13 | 中磁科技股份有限公司 | Fully-sealed casting and cooling system of vacuum-smelted cast strips |
| CN107737904A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-27 | 苏州市天星山精密模具有限公司 | A kind of casting technique for being used to prepare injection mold |
| CN113088753A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 五矿铍业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing beryllium-copper master alloy by adopting vacuum consumable arc melting |
| CN113134595A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-20 | 西北工业大学 | Smelting furnace and smelting method for making chemical components and microstructure of magnesium alloy uniform |
| CN114367651A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-19 | 华北理工大学 | High-nitrogen steel smelting device and smelting method thereof |
| CN116426775A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-14 | 烟台万隆真空冶金股份有限公司 | Method for efficiently preparing beryllium copper master alloy |
| CN117000985A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-11-07 | 山东有研国晶辉新材料有限公司 | Device for removing internal inclusions of ultra-high-purity copper or copper alloy cast ingot and preparation method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103436830A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-12-11 | 宁夏新和新材科技有限公司 | High-performance large-size beryllium copper tube preparation method |
-
2014
- 2014-05-13 CN CN201410200108.5A patent/CN103952579B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103436830A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-12-11 | 宁夏新和新材科技有限公司 | High-performance large-size beryllium copper tube preparation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105478698A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-04-13 | 中磁科技股份有限公司 | Fully-sealed casting and cooling system of vacuum-smelted cast strips |
| CN107737904A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-27 | 苏州市天星山精密模具有限公司 | A kind of casting technique for being used to prepare injection mold |
| CN113088753A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 五矿铍业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing beryllium-copper master alloy by adopting vacuum consumable arc melting |
| CN113134595A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-20 | 西北工业大学 | Smelting furnace and smelting method for making chemical components and microstructure of magnesium alloy uniform |
| CN114367651A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-19 | 华北理工大学 | High-nitrogen steel smelting device and smelting method thereof |
| CN116426775A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-14 | 烟台万隆真空冶金股份有限公司 | Method for efficiently preparing beryllium copper master alloy |
| CN117000985A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-11-07 | 山东有研国晶辉新材料有限公司 | Device for removing internal inclusions of ultra-high-purity copper or copper alloy cast ingot and preparation method |
| CN117000985B (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-02-20 | 山东有研国晶辉新材料有限公司 | Device for removing internal inclusions of ultra-high-purity copper or copper alloy cast ingot and preparation method |
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