CN101654743B - Device and method for directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace - Google Patents
Device and method for directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101654743B CN101654743B CN200910187476XA CN200910187476A CN101654743B CN 101654743 B CN101654743 B CN 101654743B CN 200910187476X A CN200910187476X A CN 200910187476XA CN 200910187476 A CN200910187476 A CN 200910187476A CN 101654743 B CN101654743 B CN 101654743B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for directionally solidifying a steel ingot with an oversized cross section by an electric slag furnace. The device mainly comprises a movable furnace body, a false electrode, a graphite electrode, a short net, a transformer, a moving slag bag, a slag bag hydraulic cylinder, a cross arm lifting system device, a crystallizer, a track, a moving furnace hydraulic cylinder, a cross arm and a cross arm chuck. By applying the device and the technique method thereof, the invention can directionally solidify the steel ingot with the oversized cross section so as to reduce the production cost, reduce the energy consumption of ton steels, shorten the operation time, improve the work efficiency and the steel quality, and increase the yield of liquid steel.
Description
Affiliated field:
This invention is the employed apparatus and method of a kind of directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace.
Technical background:
The super-section steel ingot is needed crucial blank class starting material during field Large-Scale Equipments such as electric power, boats and ships, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, heavy-duty machinery and national defense industry are made; Its ingot quality is extremely important; Require the steel ingot composition to want uniformity, weave construction fine and closely woven, interior tissue crystal grain is tiny.The modes of electroslag casting that adopt are produced more in its manufacturing processed for this reason, and the energy of consumption is more, and cost is higher.Invented the method for vertical semi-continuous casting for the people that cut down the consumption of energy and produced, confirmed what of smelting molten steel according to the size of parts exactly, the molten steel that smelting is qualified is poured in the D.C.casting machine, progressively solidifies through mold to pull into the steel ingot foundry goods.This one-time formed technology is compared with electroslag casting, and obviously the operating efficiency of raising equipment smelting can be simplified working process again, and has significantly reduced the production cost of Big Steel Castings forging blank.
Although the method for vertical semi-continuous casting is a technical progress of producing heavy casting and forging; But also there is certain problem, mainly shows two aspects, the one, after continuous casting finishes; The molten steel natural coagulation; The contraction concave surface that must occur when using founding iron mold ingot steel water-setting solid in early days as steel-making makes the yield of molten steel decrease, and lumber recovery descends; The 2nd, the upper end crystal structure of ingot casting is thick, and composition is uneven, has had a strong impact on the mechanical property of foundry goods, and especially during continuous casting super-section steel ingot, the steel ingot core after the natural coagulation often produces tissue looseness and shrinkage cavity, causes steel ingot or foundry goods to scrap.
At present; Super-section heavy casting and forging market is in the situation that supply falls short of demand, adopts D.C.casting explained hereafter super-section heavy casting and forging and steel ingot can obviously improve operating efficiency, but must adopt new technical measures; Overcome above-mentioned product defects, could this technology of normal use.Invent a kind of new method for this reason and overcome these shortcomings; This method is on the basis of D.C.casting explained hereafter super-section large-scale steel ingot or foundry goods, to adopt the method for electroslag casting that its top is heated; Cause a kind of trend of directional freeze from bottom to top; And be equipped with means such as liquid slag insulation at foundry goods or steel ingot rising head place; Can reach in the steel ingot process of cooling eliminate that intermediate structure is loose, shrinkage cavity and the outside purpose that depressed phenomenon occurs, the super-section steel ingot of producing can compare favourably with electroslag ingot.
Summary of the invention
The principle of this invention is after dependence vertical continuous casting technology is carried out large section steel ingot casting end, adds the liquid slag of proper composition at the steel ingot top, and adopts the method for electroslag metallurgy that these liquid slag are carried out appropriate heating; Make the steel ingot top keep certain temperature; And continue conduction heat energy downwards, let liquid molten steel can successfully flow to because of around constantly cooling in the shrink space of the inner generation of steel ingot, make steel ingot or foundry goods internal soundness and weave construction be improved significantly; Thereby avoided the loose generation with the shrinkage cavity phenomenon of steel ingot intermediate structure; Continuous casting water-cooled ingot pulling mechanism can absorb suitable heat energy simultaneously, forms a kind of trend of solidifying from bottom to top, along with the progress of cooling off and solidifying; The ingot solidification layer constantly raises; After reaching the determined height of processing requirement, just can stop the heating of liquid towards slag, steel ingot begins to cool off voluntarily, till solidifying fully.
According to the foregoing invention principle, this application comprises the employed device of directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace and two aspects of process method:
1, the employed device of directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace
Be used for the employed device of directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace shown in accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2.This device is to be made from multiple components; Comprise: removable body of heater 1, dummy electrode 2, Graphite Electrodes 3, short net 4, X-former 5, move cinder ladle 6, cinder ladle hydro-cylinder 7, transverse arm jacking system device 8, mold 10, body of heater track 12, movable hearth furnace body fluid cylinder pressure 14, transverse arm 15 and transverse arm chuck 16, wherein:
(1) end of short net joins with the output terminal of X-former, and the other end and transverse arm chuck join, and dummy electrode in the clamping of transverse arm chuck; Dummy electrode is connecting Graphite Electrodes, constitutes conducting channel with this, during work; Electric current from X-former via short net, transverse arm chuck; Flow to the liquid electric slag layer that dissolves greatly because of resistance through transverse arm chuck, dummy electrode, Graphite Electrodes again, enough become order wire circuit, continue to produce heat energy; And to cooperate with continuous casting water-cooled ingot pulling mechanism be that the large section steel ingot forms the trend of solidifying from bottom to top, reaches that vulcanizing contracts and make the purpose of its directional freeze;
(2) transverse arm is identical with the employed device of the same race of transverse arm jacking system device and common electrical slag hearth; Be transverse arm pass through the transverse arm guide wheel by relative fixed on the slideway that forms by removable body of heater column; Transverse arm jacking system device then by fast speed motor, adjust reducing motor, clutch coupling, shaft coupling, worm reduction gear and lead screw pair at a slow speed and form; Driving transverse arm and transverse arm chuck thereof move up and down along removable body of heater column under the effect of step-down gear and screw pair; And then the height of adjustment Graphite Electrodes, adapting to the processing requirement of frequent adjusting Graphite Electrodes vertical height with this, the quick travel speed of transverse arm jacking system device is: 2000～3000mm/min; Regulate the speed at a slow speed and to be 5～100mm/min;
(3) removable body of heater is connected with movable hearth furnace body fluid cylinder pressure, and removable body of heater is seated on the body of heater track, and removable body of heater is reciprocating on the body of heater track under the effect of movable hearth furnace body fluid cylinder pressure during work; Mobile cinder ladle is seated on the body of heater track equally; Moving cinder ladle under external force also can slidably reciprocate along the body of heater track; To satisfy the needs of different station, are topmost stations by Fig. 1 and two represented stations of Fig. 2 in the accompanying drawing wherein, first station is for moving the work station of cinder ladle; When this station, move under the heating of slag charge in the cinder ladle, realize dissolving at Graphite Electrodes; Second station is the work station of electroslag compensation heating, and the mobile cinder ladle of this moment is in idle station.The side of moving cinder ladle is equipped with a cinder ladle hydro-cylinder that it is tumbled; The wheel shaft that moves the cinder ladle front side is a dead axle; Move cinder ladle and under the supporting role of cinder ladle hydro-cylinder, can do the unidirectional motion of tumbling around dead axle; Be beneficial to heat the slag fluid power that dissolves and be poured into enough smoothly on the molten steel in the mold, accomplish the deslagging function;
(3) X-former is selected for use is that electroslag furnace exchanges special transformer with individual event or T-shape, is the product that the producer by the professional production special transformer makes by relevant national standard;
2, process method
Super-section continuous casting steel ingot directional freeze with vulcanize that contract main technique method and process comprise that slag charge is prepared, Graphite Electrodes is prepared, cinder ladle is prepared, change slag, directional freeze and vulcanize the technological process that contracts, particular content is following:
(1), prepare the baking of slag charge and slag charge, the slag charge composition is seen table 1 by weight percentage
Table 1 slag charge composition and ratio (percentage ratio by weight)
| Composition | CaF 2 | Al 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | SiO 2 |
| Ratio | 28.0-35.0 | 40.0-47.0 | 13.0-17.0 | 4.0-5.0 | 3.0-6.0 |
The slag charge baking.Slag charge must be contained in the slag charge baking box, and general requirement was toasted in the time of 600 ℃ more than 4 hours, and is existing with get at present, shortens the time that contacts with air as far as possible during use.To reduce the moisture content that slag charge sucks from air, the steel ingot after avoiding casting increases hydrogen or oxygenation in directional freeze with vulcanizing in the compression process.The quantity of slag of using should guarantee that slag liquid height is between 160～300mm.
(2), prepare cinder ladle, cinder ladle is built by laying bricks or stones and cinder ladle toasts.Cinder ladle all will be built by laying bricks or stones before each the use again on request, should clear up earlier before building by laying bricks or stones; Build the back by laying bricks or stones it is toasted, thoroughly can carry out following operation after the oven dry.
(3), prepare Graphite Electrodes.Should select for use high-quality metallurgy to use Graphite Electrodes, specification is answered according with process requirements, and conductive capability is not less than 0.17A/mm2.
(4), change slag.Slag charge is joined in the mobile cinder ladle, the clamping Graphite Electrodes, cinder ladle and removable body of heater are moved in adjustment, make Graphite Electrodes be in the mid-way of moving cinder ladle, and the decline Graphite Electrodes guarantees that to the following certain depth of the top of the slag electrode can get final product the energisingization slag in the starting the arc.Thoroughly, make the slag temperature reach 1650～1730 ℃ with keeping 10～20min again after the slag fusing.Graphite Electrodes is risen to more than the cinder ladle.
(5), directional freeze and vulcanize and contract.Start the mold top of moving after cinder ladle arrives completion cast just; Slag is poured in the mold, is removed mobile cinder ladle, start simultaneously removable body of heater to mold top center position; Decline Graphite Electrodes starting the arc degree of depth under the top of the slag; The energising heating by processing requirement adjustment electric current and cooling intensity, is carried out directional freeze and thermal compensation operation to slag and liquid molten steel.When steel ingot bottom solidification layer rises to the height apart from the not enough steel ingot diameter of molten steel face, should reduce strength of current gradually, finally stop heating, thereby accomplish directional freeze and vulcanize compression process.
When treating that steel ingot is cooled to below 300 ℃, stop the supply of water coolant, and the steel ingot that descends rapidly is away from mold to mold.Steel ingot is put in storage after slow cooling, handling, insulation, annealing, check again.
In said process; It is crucial performing each item preparation work; This comprising slag charge prepare, Graphite Electrodes is prepared, prepare cinder ladle, cinder ladle is built by laying bricks or stones and toast etc., and work must in a planned way be carried out simultaneously, to satisfy the electroslag directional freeze and to vulcanize the time requirement of the technology that contracts.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 in the accompanying drawing is the slagging process synoptic diagram when using this invention device, and Fig. 2 is for directional freeze and vulcanize the compression process synoptic diagram.Each component is respectively removable body of heater 1, dummy electrode 2, Graphite Electrodes 3, short net 4, X-former 5, moves cinder ladle 6, cinder ladle hydro-cylinder 7, transverse arm jacking system 8, feeding electroslag layer 9, mold 10, steel ingot 11, body of heater track 12, steel ingot top slag blanket 13, moves body of heater hydro-cylinder 14, transverse arm 15 and transverse arm chuck 16 among the figure.
The invention effect
Rely on this invention, can be and utilize vertical D.C.casting technology to carry out large section steel ingot production to bring significant positively effect, be in particular in:
(1). reduce production costs, practice thrift energy consumption per ton steel.Adopt this process method to produce; Guaranteeing under ingot quality and the essentially identical situation of electroslag steel; The ton steel is reduced to about 800kwh/t by 1600kwh/t, and economize on electricity can reach 40-50%, and this has not only realized reducing production costs significantly; And under the energy scarcity overall background, can effectively realize energy-saving and emission-reduction.
(2). shorten the activity duration, increase work efficiency.Adopting the inventive method to smelt with ingot casting compares with single electroslag melting method; The steel ingot of same specification can shorten the PT 1/3rd to 1/2nd; This can reach the throughput that improves enterprise; Guarantee dilivery date and satisfy the whole requirement of engineering, particularly strengthen under the overall background of China's sea power being badly in need of, utilize this technology to produce the required high quality steel of military project fast and seem particularly important;
(3). guarantee the ingot head quality, increase the molten steel yield.Use the inventive method can make the solidifying of top of steel ingot also belong to and carry out slowly, therefore can accomplish dense structure equally, guarantee the consistence of total quality.Improved the molten steel yield simultaneously, economized on resources, comprehensive benefit is obvious.
Along with the steel ingot specification strengthens, above-mentioned difference is increasing, and D.C.casting adds the electroslag directional freeze and vulcanize the advantage that contracts obvious more.Explain with instance: on large-size electroslag furnace, produce the about 50 tons heavy electroslag ingots of Φ 1000X8000, need 40 hours and 80000kwh/t at least at present.Need feeding and slow cooling 2 hours in addition.If the employing external refining again through the D.C.casting method of big bag and basket pouring, is carried out the electroslag directional freeze again and vulcanized and contract, production efficiency is improved significantly.50 tons of molten steel of high-power electric arc furnace refining can be accomplished in 8 hours, about power consumption 39000kwh/t, and 60 minutes D.C.casting times spent, electroslag directional freeze and vulcanize completion in 5 hours, the about 8000kwh/t of power consumption.
Electroslag melting and D.C.casting add the electroslag directional freeze and vulcanize and contract effect relatively
The heavy power consumption time spent mass ratio of method steel ingot
50 tons of 80000kwh/t of electroslag method, 42 little fashions
50 tons of 39000kwh/t of D.C.casting and electroslag casting 16 hours better
Result-41000kwh/t-26 hour quite
Embodiment
Embodiment 1.
Certain special steel company uses device of the present invention and correlation technique, and its effect is obvious.It is identical that the device structure that is wherein adopted and this specification sheets are described, and the main technical details of equipment is following:
Continuous casting fluxion: 1 stream
Steel ingot specification: Φ 900X8000mm; Weight 40t
Continuous casting draws ingot speed: 0.12m/min
Methods for cooling: two sections coolings add spray
Electroslag furnace form: portable single armed bipolar series
Vertical stroke: 2200mm
Transverse arm stroke: 3000mm
Transverse arm rising or falling speed: quick 3000mm/min; 5～100mm/min is adjustable at a slow speed;
Short net form formula: the weak induction reactance of omnidistance reverse layout copper bar+water-cooled cable does not have the short net of magnetic
Graphite Electrodes specification: Φ 300X1500mm, electrodes conduct ability: 0.18A/mm
2
The X-former form: individual event have carry adjustable; 11 grades of pressure regulation
Transformer efficiency: 1500kw
Primary voltage: 10kv
Secondary voltage: 100V
Secondary current: 15000A
Used electroslag composition is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
| Composition | CaF 2 | Al 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | SiO 2 |
| Ratio | 31.4 | 43.1 | 15.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
The cinder ladle form: movable type is tumbled automatically
Cinder ladle capacity: 300kg
The actual techniques index: after the slag fusing, keep 20min, the slag temperature reaches 1690 ℃, and the slag height is: 240mm
External refining speed 6t/h; External refining power consumption 780kwh/t; Slag 4.5h between the added time,
Slag is mended power consumption: 157kwh/t
Ingot quality: meet the technological standard requirement through flaw detection.
Embodiment 2
Another special steel company uses the present invention and has also obtained positive effect.To adopt be that packaged type twin furnace body electroslag is vulcanized the equipment of contracting, its main technical details is following:
Continuous casting fluxion: 2 streams
Steel ingot specification: Φ 1200X6000mm
Continuous casting draws ingot speed: 0.11m/min
Methods for cooling: two sections coolings add spray
Steel ingot weight: 50X2=100t
Electroslag furnace form: twin furnace body integral movable type both arms bipolar series
Vertical stroke: 6400mm
Transverse arm stroke: 3800mm
Transverse arm rising or falling speed: fast: 3000mm/min; At a slow speed: 5～100mm/min is adjustable
Short net form formula: the weak induction reactance of omnidistance reverse layout water-cooled copper bar+water-cooled cable does not have the short net of magnetic+low-voltage, high-current arrangement of clutch;
Graphite Electrodes specification: Φ 340X1500mm, electrodes conduct ability: 0.19A/mm
2，
Graphite Electrodes quantity: 4
The X-former form: T-shape, bipolar series, have carry adjustable, 17 grades of pressure regulation;
Transformer efficiency: 1800X2=3600kw
Primary voltage: 10kv
Secondary voltage: 107V
Secondary current: 16800A
The cinder ladle form: movable type is tumbled automatically
Used electroslag composition is as shown in table 3:
Table 3
| Composition | CaF 2 | Al 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | SiO 2 |
| Ratio | 29.6 | 45.6 | 15.5 | 4.4 | 4.9 |
Cinder ladle capacity: 350kg, 2 covers
The actual techniques index: slag fusing back keeps 20min, and the slag temperature reaches 1700 ℃, and the slag height is: 260mm
External refining speed 6t/h; External refining power consumption 760kwh/t; Slag 6h between the added time;
Slag is mended power consumption: 150kwh/t;
Ingot quality: meet the technological standard requirement through flaw detection.
Claims (5)
1. employed device of directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace; This device is made up of removable body of heater, dummy electrode, Graphite Electrodes, short net, X-former, mobile cinder ladle, cinder ladle hydro-cylinder, transverse arm jacking system device, mold, body of heater track, mobile body of heater hydro-cylinder, transverse arm and transverse arm chuck; It is characterized in that removable body of heater is connected with movable hearth furnace body fluid cylinder pressure; Removable body of heater and mobile cinder ladle all are seated on the body of heater track; The side of moving cinder ladle is equipped with one can make its cinder ladle hydro-cylinder of tumbling, and the wheel shaft that moves the cinder ladle front side is a dead axle, and the cinder ladle hydro-cylinder supports mobile cinder ladle and does the unidirectional motion of tumbling around dead axle.
2. according to the employed device of the said a kind of directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace of claim 1, what it is characterized in that X-former in the device selects for use is that electroslag furnace exchanges special transformer with individual event or T-shape.
3. according to the employed device of the said a kind of directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that the conductive capability of the Graphite Electrodes in the device is not less than 0.17A/mm
2
4. employed method of directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace; This method comprises that slag charge is prepared, Graphite Electrodes is prepared, cinder ladle is prepared, changes slag, directional freeze and vulcanize the technological process that contracts, and it is characterized in that used slag charge composition is by weight percentage in the technology:
25%≤CaF
2≤35%,, 36%≤Al
2O
3≤47%, 13%≤CaO≤17%, 4%≤MgO≤5%, 3%≤SiO
2≤6%, above composition sum is 100%, and slag charge needs to use after 4 hours in baking under 600 ℃ of conditions, adds a certain amount of slag charge in cinder ladle, and operates as follows:
(1) clamping Graphite Electrodes; Cinder ladle and removable body of heater are moved in adjustment, make Graphite Electrodes be in the mid-way of cinder ladle, and the decline Graphite Electrodes is to the following starting the arc of top of the slag position; The energisingization slag; Thoroughly, make the slag temperature reach 1650～1730 ℃, Graphite Electrodes is risen to more than the cinder ladle keeping 10～20min again after the slag fusing;
(2) start the mold top of moving after cinder ladle arrives cast just; Slag is poured in the mold; Push away away mobile cinder ladle, start simultaneously removable body of heater to mold top meta, decline Graphite Electrodes starting the arc degree of depth under the top of the slag; The energising heating is carried out directional freeze and thermal compensation operation to slag and liquid molten steel;
(3) when steel ingot bottom solidification layer rises to the height apart from the not enough steel ingot diameter of molten steel face, should reduce strength of current gradually, finally stop heating;
When (4) treating that steel ingot is cooled to below 300 ℃, stop the supply of water coolant to mold, and the steel ingot that descends rapidly is away from mold, steel ingot is put in storage after slow cooling, handling, insulation, annealing, check again.
5. according to the employed method of the said super-section steel ingot of claim 4 directional freeze, it is characterized in that a certain amount of slag charge of the said adding of method is meant that the slag charge of adding will guarantee that slag charge melts back slag liquid height and can reach 160～300mm.
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| CN200910187476XA CN101654743B (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | Device and method for directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace |
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| CN200910187476XA CN101654743B (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | Device and method for directionally solidifying steel ingot with oversized cross section by electric slag furnace |
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| CN102816936B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-08-28 | 国核宝钛锆业股份公司 | Movable frame type ingot casting extrusion device |
| CN102965519A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-03-13 | 河南省西保冶材集团有限公司 | Carburizing bearing steel electroslag remelting casting powder |
| CN104561573B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-08-24 | 朱兴发 | Multistation coaxial electrical slag hearth short-net device |
| CN111304454B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-11-02 | 钢铁研究总院 | Low-fluorine slag system for electroslag remelting B-containing 9Cr rotor steel ingot and use method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20191220 Granted publication date: 20120111 |