CN103952579B - A kind of preparation method of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting and specific equipment thereof - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting and specific equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103952579B CN103952579B CN201410200108.5A CN201410200108A CN103952579B CN 103952579 B CN103952579 B CN 103952579B CN 201410200108 A CN201410200108 A CN 201410200108A CN 103952579 B CN103952579 B CN 103952579B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to metallic substance casting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method and specific equipment thereof of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting.This preparation method comprises the following steps: the preparation of material before melting, charging, melting, cast, homogenizing thermal treatment: the ingot casting after above-mentioned cleaning is heated to 380-480 DEG C, is incubated 2 hours, then naturally cools to room temperature; Heat-up rate is 50 DEG C/h.Special vacuum smelting furnace comprises vacuum melting furnace body, vacuum unit, electrical control gear, smelting pot is placed in body of heater, smelting pot is connected with swivel arrangement, being placed with the mould of cast in smelting pot side, in upper of furnace body, the whipping appts for stirring the material in smelting pot being installed.Technical scheme of the present invention adopts vacuum casting, effectively can reduce beryllium copper in casting cycle and be oxidized the problems such as the inside ingot defect caused is many, density is poor, and effect improves the lumber recovery of beryllium copper ingot casting post-production, cuts down finished cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallic substance casting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method and specific equipment thereof of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting.
Background technology
Beryllium copper is a kind of precipitation hardening type alloy, it is unique non-ferrous alloy of mechanical property, physicals, chemical property and etch resistant properties good combination, after solid solution and aging strengthening model, there is the high strength limit, elastic limit, yield strength and the safe range of stress suitable with special steel, simultaneously possess again high electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, high rigidity and wear resistance, high compacted erosion performance, also have good castability, non magnetic and impact time sparkless conductivity.
Because beryllium copper possesses many excellent properties, its use is more and more extensive, has become indispensable essential industry material in the development of the national economy.External beryllium copper is mainly used in car electrics manufacture, computer and telecommunication industry.In addition, beryllium copper also has a wide range of applications in industries such as aerospace, household electrical appliance, electronic machine, machinery, undersea cable, oil, coals
But, due to some characteristics of beryllium, add a small amount of beryllium in copper after, compared with conventional copper alloy (as red copper, brass etc.), its character there occurs huge change, be embodied in the problems such as hard state effect is obvious, smelting temperature raising, fluidity of molten variation, the casting of beryllium copper all adopts conventional casting mode at present simultaneously, due to beryllium copper oxidation in casting cycle, cause cast-internal easily form loose, cavity and the various casting flaw such as to be mingled with, thus have a strong impact on follow-up press working and mechanical workout.
The vacuum induction melting method that the preparation method of beryllium copper ingot casting is mainly traditional, disclosed in 21 days March in 2012 of Patent Office of the People's Republic of China " a kind of manufacture method of high-strength high-conductivity beryllium copper " by name, number of patent application 201110354310.X, it discloses a kind of high-strength high-conductivity beryllium copper and manufacture method thereof, after it adopts vacuum arc furnace melting, come out of the stove and carry out normal pouring.And for example, Patent Office of the People's Republic of China's authorized announcement date is " a kind of beryllium copper " by name disclosed in 15 days November in 2006, and the patent No. is the patent of invention of 200410036558.1, and it essentially discloses a kind of component of beryllium copper and utilizes electric furnace to carry out the process of melting.
The smelting of the beryllium copper disclosed in above-mentioned two patent documentations, ingot casting process, the various casting flaw such as be very easy to be formed loose, cavity in foundry goods and be mingled with, thus have a strong impact on the processing of follow-up beryllium copper and lumber recovery, serious causes waste product.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect solving prior art existence, a kind of melting and cast is provided to carry out all under vacuum conditions, combine advanced melting technology simultaneously, effectively can reduce the foreign matter content in beryllium copper solution, improve beryllium copper solution mobility, thus preparation method and the specific equipment thereof of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting of fine and close beryllium copper ingot casting can be obtained.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting, comprises the following steps:
A) preparation of material before melting:
The electroslag agent of melting is for subsequent use after being not less than 300 DEG C of bakings;
The electrolytic copper of melting is preheated to 500 ~ 600 DEG C, for subsequent use after carrying out surface treatment;
B) feed: in proportion above-mentioned electroslag agent for subsequent use is placed in bottom smelting pot, beryllium copper mother alloy is placed in the middle part of smelting pot, then above-mentioned electrolytic copper for subsequent use is placed on beryllium copper mother conjunction surrounding and is covered;
C) melting: be placed in vacuum melting furnace by the mould of the smelting pot and cast that install material, then fire door vacuumizes, heat up heating in closedown; Heat-up rate is: room temperature to 900 DEG C, and heat-up rate is 300 DEG C/h, and be incubated 0.5-1 hour after 900 DEG C after, continue to be warming up to 1200-1300 DEG C, heat-up rate is 100 DEG C/h, treats that vacuum tightness reaches 1 × 10
-3pa ± 0.2 × 10
-3time, be incubated, leave standstill 0.5-1 hour; In above-mentioned fusion process, after temperature reaches 1000 DEG C, start whipping appts, stirring 2-4 times is carried out to the melting materials capable in smelting pot, each 10-30 minutes;
D) pour into a mould: by above-mentioned melted beryllium copper, be poured in vacuum melting furnace in mould, after the ingot casting in mould is cooled to room temperature, open vacuum melting furnace, from mould, take out ingot casting, purifying process is carried out to ingot casting surface;
E) homogenizing thermal treatment: the ingot casting after above-mentioned cleaning is heated to 380-480 DEG C, is incubated 2 hours, then naturally cools to room temperature; Heat-up rate is 50 DEG C/h.
Above-mentioned electroslag agent is the CaO of 40-75%, the Al of 10-30% by weight percent
2o
3, 15-30% MgO composition.
Above-mentioned beryllium copper mother alloy is be the beryllium copper of 2-4% containing the weight percent of beryllium.
The weight percent of above-mentioned electroslag agent, beryllium copper mother alloy and electrolytic copper is 1-2%:2-5%:94-97%.
In above-mentioned cast step, teeming temperature controls at 1100-1200 DEG C, and adopt top pouring type, pouring speed is 2-4 kg/minute, and rate of cooling is 100-150 DEG C/min, is filled with nitrogen during cooling in vacuum melting furnace; Stirring in melting step adopts magnetic stirring apparatus.
Produce the Special vacuum smelting furnace of above-mentioned a kind of beryllium copper ingot casting, comprise vacuum melting furnace body, vacuum extractor, electrical control gear, it is characterized in that the smelting pot be placed in body of heater is by crucible, be wrapped in the heating unit outside crucible and cover body skin composition on the heating, in body skin both sides, correspondence position is provided with short supporting axle, smelting pot is arranged on the support in body of heater by the short supporting axle of both sides, wherein the short supporting axle of side is connected with coupling shaft one end, the coupling shaft the other end is connected with swivel arrangement through body of heater, rotatable being tightly connected is adopted between coupling shaft and body of heater, the mould of cast is placed with in smelting pot side.
The above-mentioned swivel arrangement be connected with coupling shaft is rotary handle or motor.
Above-mentioned body of heater is provided with the temperature measuring equipment measuring temperature in smelting pot.
Above-mentioned whipping appts is magnetic stirring apparatus.
The present invention adopts in vacuum melting furnace, carries out melting and the integrated new technology of casting, simultaneously by rational proportion and the placement of electroslag agent, beryllium copper mother alloy and electrolytic copper, can active adsorption and the impurity filtered in beryllium copper solution and be mingled with in fusion process, beryllium copper solution after melting is purified, the mobility of liquation improves simultaneously, thus can obtain the minimum beryllium copper ingot casting of fine and close defect when pouring into a mould; Owing to adopting vacuum casting, beryllium copper oxidation in the casting cycle that the antivacuum casting that can effectively prevent prior art from adopting brings, the problems such as the inside ingot defect caused is many, density is poor, effectively can improve the lumber recovery of beryllium copper ingot casting post-production, cut down finished cost.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention and specific equipment, obtain the density of ingot casting between 96% ~ 98%, grain fineness number is between 40 ~ 80 μm, and maximum internal defect (cavity and be mingled with) is less than 10mm.Above-mentioned technical indicator is far longer than the corresponding technical indicator of the ingot casting that prior art is produced, simultaneously because subsurface defect is little and few, lumber recovery in the course of processing is more than 70%, and higher than about 50% of prior art, ton tooling cost can reduce by more than 30%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of specific equipment of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the top plan view of specific equipment of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representation of smelting pot in specific equipment of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the vertical view of smelting pot in specific equipment of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1,2,3, 4, Special vacuum smelting furnace comprises body of heater 2, vacuum extractor, the electrical control gear of vacuum melting furnace, wherein vacuum extractor is connected with the vapor pipe 8 of lower portion of furnace body, and electrical control gear is for controlling the vacuum extractor of vacuum melting furnace, the heating etc. of smelting pot.Be placed on smelting pot 3 in body of heater 2 by crucible 3-3, be wrapped in heating unit 3-2 outside crucible and cover body skin 3-1 on the heating and form, in body skin both sides, correspondence position is provided with short supporting axle 3-4, smelting pot is by the short supporting axle 3-4 of both sides with on be arranged in body of heater support 5 with the supporting seat 4 that short supporting axle matches, wherein the short supporting axle of side is connected with coupling shaft 11 one end, the coupling shaft the other end is connected with swivel arrangement through body of heater, adopts rotatable being tightly connected between coupling shaft and body of heater; Above-mentioned swivel arrangement is mounted in the rotary handle 12 on coupling shaft, and motor also can be adopted to cast to drive smelting pot.The manhole 1 of the mould for placing smelting pot and cast is had on Special vacuum smelting furnace top.
Being placed with the mould 6 of cast in smelting pot side, is ensure the placement of mould, the placement of mould of the mounting plate 7 that level is housed of the bottom in the body of heater of vacuum melting furnace for casting; Be provided with the whipping appts 9 for stirring the material in smelting pot in upper of furnace body and measure the temperature measuring equipment 10 of temperature in smelting pot, whipping appts is the magnetic stirring apparatus adopting magnetic force driving.
Embodiment 1:
The preparation method of beryllium copper ingot casting, comprises the following steps:
A) preparation of material before melting:
According to requirement prepared by size and the foundry goods of smelting pot, calculate electroslag agent weight and the shop fixtures thickness of melting, toast at 300 DEG C, for subsequent use after removing steam; The agent of melting electroslag is the CaO of 40%, the Al of 30% by weight percent
2o
3form with the MgO of 30%.
The electrolytic copper of melting is preheated to 500 DEG C, and for subsequent use after carrying out surface treatment, to remove impurity and the moisture on electrolytic copper surface;
B) feed: above-mentioned electroslag agent for subsequent use is placed in bottom smelting pot by the ratio being 1%:2%:97% in the weight percent of electroslag agent, beryllium copper mother alloy and electrolytic copper, beryllium copper mother alloy is placed in the middle part of smelting pot, then above-mentioned electrolytic copper for subsequent use is placed on beryllium copper mother conjunction surrounding and is covered; Beryllium copper mother alloy is be the beryllium copper of 2% containing the weight percent of beryllium.
C) melting: the mould of the smelting pot and cast that install material is put into vacuum melting furnace by the manhole 1 being placed in vacuum melting furnace top, then manhole is airtight, by the vacuum extractor be connected with the vapor pipe 8 of lower portion of furnace body, vacuumize in body of heater, by electrical control gear, intensification heating is carried out to smelting pot simultaneously; Heat-up rate is: room temperature to 900 DEG C, and heat-up rate is 300 DEG C/h, and be incubated 0.5 hour after 900 DEG C after, continue to be warming up to 1200-1300 DEG C, this section of heat-up rate is 100 DEG C/h; In above-mentioned fusion process, after temperature reaches 1000 DEG C, start magnetic stirring apparatus, stirring is carried out 2 times to the melting materials capable in smelting pot, each 30 minutes, treats that vacuum tightness reaches 1 × 10
-3pa ± 0.2 × 10
-3time, be incubated, leave standstill 0.5 hour;
Along with the carrying out of melting process, the electroslag agent being positioned at crucible bottom due to its density comparatively light, rise gradually, the oxygen in melt and metal, nonmetallic impurity be adsorbed in electroslag agent, also serve the effect of filtering inclusion simultaneously, thus make beryllium copper solution obtain purification; Electroslag agent is risen after arrival smelting pot internal surface, forms tectum, effectively can prevent the generation of bath surface oxidative phenomena in casting process subsequently on surface; Not only can make alloying constituent by stirring evenly, and be conducive to the gas in liquid to be got rid of fast and slag making, better solve inside ingot pore and be mingled with phenomenon, auxiliary stirring simultaneously can improve smelting efficiency, save energy.
D) pour into a mould: by above-mentioned melted beryllium copper, be poured in mould in vacuum melting furnace, teeming temperature controls at 1100 DEG C, adopt top pouring type, pouring speed is 4 kg/minute;
In casting cycle, stop vacuumizing, in vacuum melting furnace, be filled with nitrogen simultaneously and cool, rate of cooling is 100 DEG C/min, after the ingot casting in mould is cooled to room temperature, opens vacuum melting furnace, from mould, take out ingot casting, purifying process is carried out to ingot casting surface.The purifying process on this ingot casting surface adopts prior art to carry out.
In above-mentioned vacuum melting furnace, cast is the rotation by being arranged on the rotary handle 12 outside the body of heater of vacuum melting furnace, and the smelting pot that drive is arranged on the support 5 in body of heater rotates, and is poured in mould by the beryllium copper in smelting pot.Mould can adopt graphite material to make.
E) homogenizing thermal treatment: the ingot casting after above-mentioned cleaning is heated to 380 DEG C, is incubated 2 hours, then naturally cools to room temperature; Heat-up rate is 50 DEG C/h.The metallographic structure of inside ingot can be made more even by homogenizing thermal treatment, be conducive to post-production.
The density of the beryllium copper ingot casting produced by above-described embodiment is more than 96%, and grain fineness number is between 40 ~ 80 μm, and maximum internal defect (cavity and be mingled with) is less than 10mm.
By the tracking investigation to beryllium copper processing enterprise, the beryllium copper ingot casting that the equipment of this complete processing is produced, lumber recovery is more than 70%, and higher than about 50% of prior art, ton tooling cost can reduce by more than 30%.
Embodiment 2---6:
On the basis of above-mentioned Special vacuum smelting furnace and embodiment 1, change the following technical indicator in the preparation method of beryllium copper ingot casting, also can obtain the beryllium copper ingot casting that defect is minimum.
A) preparation of material before melting:
| Embodiment | The storing temperature of electroslag agent | Electrolytic copper preheating | Electroslag agent | Beryllium copper mother alloy |
| Embodiment 2 | 320℃ | 500℃ | 50％、30％、20％ | 3.6％ |
| Embodiment 3 | 350℃ | 600℃ | 60％、20％、20％ | 4％ |
| Embodiment 4 | 330℃ | 520℃ | 75％、10％、15％ | 3％ |
| Embodiment 5 | 340℃ | 550℃ | 50％、20％、30％ | 4％ |
| Embodiment 6 | 360℃ | 580℃ | 65％、15％、20％ | 3％ |
C) melting:
C) melting, cast:
E) homogenizing thermal treatment:
| Embodiment | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 |
| Ingot casting Heating temperature | 390℃ | 400℃ | 420℃ | 460℃ | 470℃ |
Electroslag agent is by CaO, Al in the above-described embodiments
2o
3with MgO composition, the weight percent of three is for listed by showing.
The density of the beryllium copper ingot casting produced by above-described embodiment is more than 96%, and grain fineness number is between 40 ~ 80 μm, and maximum internal defect (cavity and be mingled with) is less than 10mm.The beryllium copper ingot casting produced by above-described embodiment, because its density is high, subsurface defect is little, the Grain size distribution of the metallurgical structure of beryllium copper is even, effectively can improve the rate of becoming a useful person in following process, reduce the scrap rate because beryllium copper inside ingot defect causes.
Claims (7)
1. a preparation method for zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting, comprises the following steps:
A) preparation of material before melting:
The electroslag agent of melting is for subsequent use after being not less than 300 DEG C of bakings;
The electrolytic copper of melting is preheated to 500 ~ 600 DEG C, for subsequent use after carrying out surface treatment;
B) feed: in proportion above-mentioned electroslag agent for subsequent use is placed in bottom smelting pot, beryllium copper mother alloy is placed in the middle part of smelting pot, then above-mentioned electrolytic copper for subsequent use is placed on beryllium copper mother alloy surrounding and is covered;
C) melting: the mould of the smelting pot and cast that install material is placed in vacuum melting furnace, vacuumizes after airtight, heat up heating; Heat-up rate is: room temperature to 900 DEG C, and heat-up rate is 300 DEG C/h, and be incubated 0.5-1 hour after 900 DEG C after, continue to be warming up to 1200-1300 DEG C, heat-up rate is 100 DEG C/h, treats that vacuum tightness reaches 1 × 10
-3pa ± 0.2 × 10
-3time, be incubated, leave standstill 0.5-1 hour; In above-mentioned fusion process, after temperature reaches 1000 DEG C, start whipping appts, stirring 2-4 times is carried out to the melting materials capable in smelting pot, each 10-30 minutes;
D) pour into a mould: by above-mentioned melted beryllium copper, be poured in vacuum melting furnace in mould, after the ingot casting in mould is cooled to room temperature, open vacuum melting furnace, from mould, take out ingot casting, purifying process is carried out to ingot casting surface;
E) homogenizing thermal treatment: the ingot casting after above-mentioned cleaning is heated to 380-480 DEG C, is incubated 2 hours, then naturally cools to room temperature; Heat-up rate is 50 DEG C/h, and above-mentioned electroslag agent is the CaO of 40-75%, the Al of 10-30% by weight percent
2o
3, 15-30% MgO composition, in above-mentioned cast step, teeming temperature controls at 1100-1200 DEG C, adopt top pouring type, pouring speed is 2-4 kg/minute, and rate of cooling is 100-150 DEG C/min, is filled with nitrogen during cooling in vacuum melting furnace.
2. the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned beryllium copper mother alloy is is the beryllium copper of 2-4% containing the weight percent of beryllium.
3. the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 1, is characterized in that above-mentioned electroslag agent, the weight percent of beryllium copper mother alloy and electrolytic copper is 1-2%:2-5%:94-97%.
4. vacuum melting furnace special in the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, comprise vacuum melting furnace body, vacuum extractor, electrical control gear, it is characterized in that the smelting pot (3) be placed in body of heater (2) is by crucible (3-3), be wrapped in the heating unit (3-2) outside crucible and cover body skin (3-1) composition on the heating, at body skin both sides correspondence position, short supporting axle (3-4) is installed, smelting pot is arranged on the support (5) in body of heater (2) by the short supporting axle (3-4) of both sides, wherein the short supporting axle of side is connected with coupling shaft (11) one end, the coupling shaft the other end is connected with swivel arrangement through body of heater, rotatable being tightly connected is adopted between coupling shaft and body of heater, the mould (6) of cast is placed with in smelting pot side, in upper of furnace body, the whipping appts (9) for stirring the material in smelting pot is installed.
5. vacuum melting furnace special in the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 4, is characterized in that the above-mentioned swivel arrangement be connected with coupling shaft (11) is rotary handle (12) or motor.
6. vacuum melting furnace special in the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 4, is characterized in that on above-mentioned body of heater (2), be provided with the temperature measuring equipment (10) measuring temperature in smelting pot.
7. vacuum melting furnace special in the preparation method of a kind of zero defect beryllium copper ingot casting according to claim 4, is characterized in that above-mentioned whipping appts is magnetic stirring apparatus.
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| CN105478698A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-04-13 | 中磁科技股份有限公司 | Fully-sealed casting and cooling system of vacuum-smelted cast strips |
| CN107737904A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-27 | 苏州市天星山精密模具有限公司 | A kind of casting technique for being used to prepare injection mold |
| CN113088753B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-02-15 | 五矿铍业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing beryllium-copper master alloy by adopting vacuum consumable arc melting |
| CN113134595A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-20 | 西北工业大学 | Smelting furnace and smelting method for making chemical components and microstructure of magnesium alloy uniform |
| CN114367651B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-07-21 | 华北理工大学 | High-nitrogen steel smelting device and smelting method thereof |
| CN117000985B (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-02-20 | 山东有研国晶辉新材料有限公司 | Device for removing internal inclusions of ultra-high-purity copper or copper alloy cast ingot and preparation method |
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