CN103952541B - The method of double back rotary kiln and reduced nickel and iron - Google Patents
The method of double back rotary kiln and reduced nickel and iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN103952541B CN103952541B CN201410211187.XA CN201410211187A CN103952541B CN 103952541 B CN103952541 B CN 103952541B CN 201410211187 A CN201410211187 A CN 201410211187A CN 103952541 B CN103952541 B CN 103952541B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the method for double back rotary kiln and reduced nickel and iron, a kind of double back rotary kiln, comprise the first rotary kiln, inside is provided with refractory masses, the second rotary kiln is connected with at the slag notch place of the first described rotary kiln, the angle of the second described rotary kiln axially incline is identical with the first rotary kiln, diameter is larger than the first rotary kiln, at the tap hole that the slag notch zygomorphy position of the second rotary kiln offers; The material delivering plate exceeding refractory materials 200 ~ 400mm is provided with at equal intervals in the refractory masses circumference of the first rotary kiln and the second rotary kiln inside, nickel after reduction and iron enter second segment rotary kiln and carry out precipitate and separate, this section of temperature is at 1350 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C, slag will thoroughly be separated with ferronickel, energy efficient of the present invention, solves rotary kiln production process ring formation problem.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the rotary kiln in smelting and method, be specifically related to the method for double back rotary kiln and reduced nickel and iron.
[background technology]
China is the relatively poor country of a nickel resources, quite most of dependence on import.Nickel oxide ore (being commonly called as: red soil nickel ore) extracts nickel metal just progressively becomes the main flow that the world extracts nickel metal.For the feature extracting nickel metal different process from nickel minerals, study and explore the nickel Metal Production road for development of an applicable China's national situation, guaranteeing that China's stainless steel and the necessary nickel resources supply of special steel industry sustainable and healthy development have Great significance.Nowadays, competitive power between enterprise is more and more embodied in and how reduces on production cost, how to make enterprise's production high efficiency, how to reduce the production cost of enterprise, laterite nickel-iron smelting core technology plays key effect, this core technology solves heat-energy losses in the technological process of production, solve the industrial accident of ring formation in production process, thus reduce a large amount of production cost.
We are engaged in the research of nickel-iron smelting short route, the Production Flow Chart of less investment, obvious energy conservation, instant effect.The major equipment of ferronickel production and application is rotary kiln, and the device data of rotary kiln can be determined according to industrial scale required for user.Similar.Difference is exactly two sections of kilns, and second mainly smelts centrifugation.Production Flow Chart is: nickel minerals → oven dry → fragmentation → allocate coke (blue charcoal) into admittedly, flux mixing briquetting → preheating → rotary kiln dehydration, reduce → melt state slag iron mixture → slag separation → ferronickel → ingot casting → finishing and pack.Specific as follows:
One, technological principle
Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore is mainly divided into wet method smelting process and pyrometallurgical smelting process, but at present in world wide comparative maturity utilize the processing method of smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore alloy still based on pyrometallurgical smelting.Pyrometallurgical smelting ferronickel is under the high temperature conditions, makes reductive agent with C (or Si), reduces to the NiO in nickel oxide ore and other oxide compounds (as FeO) and obtains.Adopt selective reduction technique, reasonable employment reductive agent, carries out reduction reaction by reduction sequence NiO, FeO, Cr2o3, SiO2 simultaneously.In nickel-iron smelting process, its real reaction is more complicated.Ni and Fe that reaction generates can dissolve each other under different ratios, generates ferronickel.
C+CO2＝2CO
NiO+C＝Ni+CO↑
NiO+CO＝Ni+CO2(1)
3Fe2O3+CO＝2Fe3O4+CO2
Fe3O4+CO＝3FeO+CO2
FeO+CO＝Fe+CO2(2)
Can find out from above-mentioned (1), (2) reaction formula: NiO, FeO reduction reaction, temperature is lower, and the reaction starting temperature of NiO is about lower than FeO 200 DEG C; Thus, in pyrometallurgical smelting ferronickel process, although the nickel minerals NiO content adopted is lower, more than NiO90% is reduced, and, when Ni/Fe is very low, by different technological operations, make product ni content bring up to higher level.
Another feature of red soil nickel ore is that moisture is higher, especially at present red soil nickel ore main body entrance Philippines of state of China and the rainy humidity of two countries of Indonesia weather, and in nickel minerals, moisture is substantially in 30 ~ 35% scope fluctuations.For guaranteeing that the nickel-iron smelting working of a furnace is stablized, nickel minerals must dewater entering stokehold, and agglomeration process, generally uses following several pretreatment mode:
1. rotary kiln oven dry → agglomeration → rotary kiln high temperature dehydration, preheating.(current using method)
2. rotary kiln oven dry → agglomeration → shaft furnace sintering, prereduction.
3. rotary kiln dries → dehydration, sintering (comprising prereduction).
Two, pyrometallurgical smelting
1, rotary kiln for directly reducing method
(1) Production Flow Chart
Admittedly nickel minerals → oven dry → fragmentation → allocate into coke, flux mixing briquetting → preheating → rotary kiln dehydration, reduce → melt the multistage slag sluicing system → particulate ferronickel → ferronickel fine powders such as state slag iron mixture → shrend → grind → high intensity magnetic separation.
2, RKEF method (RK rotary kiln, EF mineral hot furnace)
(1) Production Flow Chart
Admittedly nickel minerals → oven dry → fragmentation → allocate into coke, flux mixing briquetting → preheating → rotary kiln dehydration, reduce → melt the iron mixture → mineral hot furnace → cast of state slag
2, the objective shortcoming (one or more shortcomings that can solve by this patent or improve) of prior art:
(1), the product bits of rotary kiln for directly reducing method output much general 10% ~ 25%, moisture also many 5% ~ 15%, produce to next procedure stainless steel and bring inconvenience and the waste great number electric energy that again heats up increases production cost, another be exactly after high temperature the inner ring formation of rotary kiln cause thing to be forced to therefore produce interruption
(2) RKEF method smelts main highly energy-consuming, and 4000 ~ 6000 degree of electricity that generally need disappear produce one ton of ferronickel.
[summary of the invention]
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention carries out reduction ferronickel in rotary kiln, and its energy consumption is too high, easily produce ring formation and the separating effect of ferronickel is bad.
To achieve these goals, design a kind of double back rotary kiln, comprise the first rotary kiln, inside is provided with refractory masses, the second rotary kiln is connected with at the slag notch place of the first described rotary kiln, the angle of the second described rotary kiln axially incline is identical with the first rotary kiln, diameter is larger than the first rotary kiln, at the tap hole that the slag notch zygomorphy position of the second rotary kiln offers;
The material delivering plate exceeding refractory materials 200 ~ 400mm is provided with at equal intervals in the refractory masses circumference of the first rotary kiln and the second rotary kiln inside.
Refractory masses circumference is provided with 4 pieces of material delivering plates at equal intervals.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention still further relates to a kind of method of double back rotary kiln reduced nickel and iron, adopt double back rotary kiln of the present invention, its step comprises
By the step that dust ore laterite, reductive agent and lime mix;
The step that the first rotary kiln carries out turning round, dewater and reducing is sent into after mixing;
Enter the second rotary kiln after reduction and carry out precipitate and separate, and add lime or ferrosilicon powder adjustment slag basicity to 0.8 ~ 1, this section of temperature is at 1350 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C, slag will thoroughly be separated with ferronickel, open tap hole cast ingot casting, or ferronickel high-temperature molten steel directly enters ladle and produces primary material as stainless steel.
Wherein, further, aforesaid method also has following Optimization Technology:
First rotary kiln is divided into preheating section, reduction section, granulated iron section.
Described preheating section temperature is preferably 300 ~ 600 DEG C.
The temperature of reduction section is preferably 600 ~ 1100 DEG C.
The temperature of granulated iron section is preferably 1100 ~ 1350 DEG C.
In described mixing step, preferably by dust ore laterite 100 weight part, reductive agent coke powder or hard coal or blue charcoal 10 ~ 20 weight part and the mixing of lime 3 ~ 10 weight part.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
(1), the main energy sources of melting is coal, instead of the coke of costliness or electric energy.
(2), the unrestricted choice of raw material, the various red soil nickel ores in available South East Asia.
(3), produce high-nickel ferronickel quality high (containing about Ni8-12%), directly can be used as stainless raw materials for production.
(4), ferronickel high-temperature molten steel directly enters ladle and transfers to smelting stainless steel in stainless steel smelting AOD refining furnace as stainless steel production primary material, saving considerable part power consumption.
(5), because the transformation of rotary structure solves rotary kiln production process ring formation problem, reduce and stop accident embodiment Value of Science & Technology.
(6) material delivering plate has the multiple functions such as guiding, current-sharing, lifting, contacts hot gas flow completely, all mineral materials can be reached make full use of the object temperature of heat energy also just even.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of double back rotary kiln in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 1;
The slag notch of 10. opening for feed 20. first rotary kiln 30. second rotary kiln 32. tap hole 34. refractory masses 36. material delivering plate 38. second rotary kilns in figure;
[embodiment]
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings, and following embodiment is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, structure of the present invention is as follows, comprise the first rotary kiln, inside is provided with refractory masses, the second rotary kiln is connected with at the slag notch place of the first described rotary kiln, the angle of the second described rotary kiln axially incline is identical with the first rotary kiln, diameter is larger than the first rotary kiln, at the tap hole that the slag notch zygomorphy position of the second rotary kiln offers;
As shown in Figure 2, be provided with in the refractory masses circumference of the first rotary kiln and the second rotary kiln inside the material delivering plate that 4 pieces exceed refractory materials 200 ~ 400mm at equal intervals.
Adopt the technical process of aforesaid device reduced nickel and iron as follows:
Ferronickel production process is exactly by heat reduction nickel and iron, need the melts obtaining suitable basicity slag containing under the requirement of ferronickel, dust ore laterite 100 weight part, reductive agent coke powder or hard coal or blue charcoal 10 ~ 20 weight part, lime 3 ~ 10 weight part etc. are proportioned, load in the first rotary kiln from opening for feed after mixing pressure ball, rotary kiln with 50-120 second/rotary speed rotate, kiln lower end (i.e. exhaust end) be equipped with Five-channel burner combustion coal dust be mineral aggregate heat.Five-channel burner underlying parameter is as follows: one, and burn maximum 7 tons per hour of coal ability, temperature can reach 1500 DEG C ~ 1700 DEG C.Two, air outlet velocity describes from outside to inside, secondary combustion-supporting wind 45-80 rice per second.Outer clean wind speed 200-280 rice per second.Coal wind speed 25-45 rice per second.Eddy flow wind speed 180-250 rice per second.Center wind speed 80-120 rice per second.Eddy flow angle 25-45 degree.Adjusting angle 3 degree up and down, swirler adopts adjustable, and 25-45 degree can be selected arbitrarily, coal wind inlet wear process compound 69 5# pottery, high temperature section material 2cr25ni20.Little Trucks translational speed per minute 1.85 meters.Also fill a secondary blast pipe if desired with the oxygen required for the C0 burning of supplying carbon element in furnace charge and reduction reaction and generating.Determine oxygen supply etc. rear test rotary kiln exhaust gas CO content to be produced, also can.
Laterite:
| Project | Ni(％) | Fe(％) | MgO(％) | SiO 2(％) | Co(％) | |
| Parameter | 1.8-2.0 | 15-20 | 5-15 | 10-30 | 0.02-0.1 |
Coke powder or hard coal
Coal dust
20 tons ~ 40 tons, furnace charge is added by per hour, it is different that different diameter rotary kiln adds furnace charge, stop in kiln and move furnace charge distribution in lamelliform in kiln gradually from top to bottom along with kiln body rotates furnace charge in 4 ~ 6 hours, be gradually heated by the sonochemical activity in contacting with high temperature kiln wall with reverse hot gas flow.According to kiln temperature distribution, the physical condition of furnace charge carries out physical-chemical reaction in kiln, and as shown in Figure 1, the first rotary kiln is divided into three regions by the length of kiln:
Preheating section: furnace charge enters rotary kiln and is gradually heated by the sonochemical activity, general temperature range 300 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C, the planar water in furnace charge and crystal water are excluded.In the fugitive constituent of reductive agent and furnace charge, charcoal hydrochlorate is by decomposed and eliminating.
Reduction section: along with the rising of charge-temperature, kiln internal oxidition nickel and iron oxide reduction reaction aggravate gradually, this section of temperature range 600 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, the C0 that the charcoal element in furnace charge and reduction generate fiercely burn the heating that facilitates furnace charge more effectively when temperature reaches 1100 DEG C furnace charge major part reduce.
Granulated iron section: furnace charge enters granulated iron OCCURRENCE STATE OF VEINSTONE, ash content, flux and unreduced nickel oxide and ferric oxide form highly acid oxidation slag, this section of temperature is at 1100 DEG C ~ 1350 DEG C, reduce gradually along with reduction reaction fierceness carries out oxide compound, the slag that the uniform viscosity of final acquisition strongly-acid is suitable, the metallic nickel that reduction generates, iron oozes charcoal gradually and is melt into nickel under a high position, iron shot is suspended in slag, be called that melts enters the second rotary kiln from discharge opening and carries out precipitate and separate along with the little nickel bead of rotation semi-melting of kiln body and little iron shot collide the mixture aggregating into this ferronickel particle of larger ferronickel particle and slag gradually mutually.
Second rotary kiln precipitate and separate: the second rotary kiln axial angle is identical with the first rotary kiln, diameter is larger than main diameter, the slag of 40 tons ~ 50 tons ferronickel molten steel and nearly hundred tons can be carried, at the vertical kiln body of distance slag notch about 2 meters axially 90 degree of installations, two symmetrical tap holes.Precipitate and separate effect mainly smelted by this section of precipitate and separate band.Ferronickel particle adds a certain proportion of lime after entering decoupled band with the melts mixed of slag or ferrosilicon powder adjusts viscosity coefficient of dross (potential of hydrogen of visual fusion slag adjusts amount of lime), ferronickel pearl along with the rising melting of temperature is precipitated rapidly and forms a large amount of ferronickel molten bath, this section of temperature is at 1350 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C, slag will thoroughly be separated with ferronickel, opens tap hole cast ingot casting.Or ferronickel high-temperature molten steel directly enters ladle and transfers to smelting stainless steel in AOD refining furnace as stainless steel production primary material.Upper strata slag obtains ferronickel fine powder through operation removing slags such as shrend cooling, fragmentation, magnetic separation after discharging, and improves the rate of recovery of nickel further.
Claims (8)
1. a double back rotary kiln, comprise the first rotary kiln, inside is provided with refractory masses, it is characterized in that being connected with the second rotary kiln at the slag notch place of the first described rotary kiln, the angle of the second described rotary kiln axially incline is identical with the first rotary kiln, diameter is larger than the first rotary kiln, at the tap hole that the slag notch zygomorphy position of the second rotary kiln offers;
The material delivering plate exceeding refractory materials 200 ~ 400mm is provided with at equal intervals in the refractory masses circumference of the first rotary kiln and the second rotary kiln inside.
2. double back rotary kiln as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that refractory masses circumference is provided with 4 pieces of material delivering plates at equal intervals.
3. a method for double back rotary kiln reduced nickel and iron, comprises double back rotary kiln, comprises
By the step that dust ore laterite, reductive agent and lime mix;
The step that the first rotary kiln carries out turning round, dewater and reducing is sent into after mixing;
It is characterized in that:
Enter the second rotary kiln after reduction and carry out precipitate and separate, and add lime or ferrosilicon powder adjustment slag basicity to 0.8 ~ 1, this section of temperature is at 1350 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C, slag will thoroughly be separated with ferronickel, open tap hole cast ingot casting, or ferronickel high-temperature molten steel directly enters ladle and produces primary material as stainless steel
Described double back rotary kiln comprises the first rotary kiln, inside is provided with refractory masses, the slag notch place of the first described rotary kiln is connected with the second rotary kiln, the angle of the second described rotary kiln axially incline is identical with the first rotary kiln, diameter is larger than the first rotary kiln, at the tap hole that the slag notch zygomorphy position of the second rotary kiln offers;
The material delivering plate exceeding refractory materials 200 ~ 400mm is provided with at equal intervals in the refractory masses circumference of the first rotary kiln and the second rotary kiln inside.
4., as the method for claim 3 double back rotary kiln reduced nickel and iron, it is characterized in that the first rotary kiln is divided into preheating section, reduction section, granulated iron section.
5., as the method for claim 4 double back rotary kiln reduced nickel and iron, it is characterized in that described preheating section temperature is 300 ~ 600 DEG C.
6., as the method for claim 4 double back rotary kiln reduced nickel and iron, it is characterized in that the temperature of reduction section is 600 ~ 1100 DEG C.
7., as the method for claim 4 double back rotary kiln reduced nickel and iron, it is characterized in that the temperature of granulated iron section is 1100 ~ 1350 DEG C.
8. as the method for claim 3 double back rotary kiln reduced nickel and iron, it is characterized in that in described mixing step, by dust ore laterite 100 weight part, reductive agent coke powder or hard coal or blue charcoal 10 ~ 20 weight part and the mixing of lime 3 ~ 10 weight part.
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| CN105714009A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-06-29 | 余金铭 | Method and device for preparing ferronickel from laterite nickel ores |
| CN107267776B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-11-08 | 沈阳有色金属研究院 | A kind of method of lateritic nickel ore direct-reduction-beneficiation enrichment production ferronickel |
| CN110093504B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-03-24 | 北京科技大学 | Method and system for preparing titanium-rich material by using high-calcium-magnesium titanium concentrate |
Citations (4)
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| CN101033515A (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2007-09-12 | 中南大学 | Process for preparing nickel ferroalloy by melting and reducing laterite nickel ore |
| CN101538645A (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-23 | 张建宏 | Technique for roasting and dressing laterite nickel ore |
| US8540794B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2013-09-24 | Jiann-Yang Hwang | Method for reducing iron oxide and producing syngas |
| CN103643034A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-19 | 毛黎生 | Method for reducing granular ferronickel through laterite-nickel ore in two-stage rotary kiln |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8540794B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2013-09-24 | Jiann-Yang Hwang | Method for reducing iron oxide and producing syngas |
| CN101033515A (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2007-09-12 | 中南大学 | Process for preparing nickel ferroalloy by melting and reducing laterite nickel ore |
| CN101538645A (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-23 | 张建宏 | Technique for roasting and dressing laterite nickel ore |
| CN103643034A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-19 | 毛黎生 | Method for reducing granular ferronickel through laterite-nickel ore in two-stage rotary kiln |
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