CN104195279A - Process for preparing ferric-nickel from laterite-nickel ore - Google Patents
Process for preparing ferric-nickel from laterite-nickel ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN104195279A CN104195279A CN201410444219.0A CN201410444219A CN104195279A CN 104195279 A CN104195279 A CN 104195279A CN 201410444219 A CN201410444219 A CN 201410444219A CN 104195279 A CN104195279 A CN 104195279A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for preparing ferric-nickel from laterite-nickel ore. The process comprises the following steps: crushing laterite-nickel ore, drying, adding an additive, a reducing agent, a solvent and a binding agent, uniformly mixing, briquetting, putting into a vertical furnace, performing pre-reducing roasting by using high-temperature fume in a rotary kiln, further putting into a coal medium in the rotary kiln, and performing reducing roasting, water quenching cooling and grinding and magnetic separation, thereby obtaining a powder ferric-nickel product with high nickel content. The process is short in procedure, simple to operate, low in energy consumption, low in cost and high in metal recycling rate, and the defects that the energy consumption is high, the metal recycling rate is low and the production cost is high when the ferric-nickel is prepared from reduced laterite-nickle ore directly in a conventional rotary kiln in the prior art are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of red soil nickel ore and prepare the technique of ferronickel, belong to metallurgical technology field.
Background technology
Nickel is a kind of important strategy metal material, has the features such as anticorrosive, anti-oxidant, high temperature resistant, intensity is high, ductility is good, has purposes widely in modern industry, and is mainly used in stainless steel production.Due to the progress of steel-smelting technology, originally adopted pure nickel class raw material alloy smelting steel and stainless steel mill, all oneself uses non-pure nickel class raw material instead and produces.Along with nickel sulfide ore resource of high grade, easy exploitation reduces increasingly, the selecting and smelting technology research of red soil nickel ore, has become domestic and international focal point, is also the global task that is related to following nickel industry and the sound development of stainless steel industry.
Adopting thermal process to process red soil nickel ore for stainless steel industry provides Rhometal raw material cheaply, is the most important means that current red soil nickel ore efficiently utilizes nickel resources.
Wherein, rotary kiln-electric furnace reduction melting technology (RKEF) is a kind of pyrometallurgical smelting process that current Laterite-nickel Ore smelter generally adopts.That this technique mainly comprises is dry, roasting-prereduction, electrosmelting and refining.Because red soil nickel ore water content is high, first need to be in dry kiln high temperature removal planar water, afterwards through rotary kiln reducing roasting at 800～950 DEG C of temperature, make part of nickel, ferriferous oxide prereduction, the one-step removal crystal water of going forward side by side, after prereduction, red soil nickel ore keeps exceeding kiln material temperature, and hot charging directly enters the feed bin of electric furnace, carries out retailoring and make ferronickel under the high temperature of 1550～1600 DEG C of electric arc furnace.
On the technology theory of employing rotary kiln-electrosmelting, can process various types of red soil nickel ores, also not be strict with entering stove furnace charge, nickel recovery is high, produces easily and controls, convenient operation.But because this process energy consumption is high, only the power consumption of electrosmelting just accounts for 50% of running cost, add the fuel consumption of dry, the roasting pretreatment operation before red soil nickel ore melting, energy consumption cost in running cost accounts for more than 65%, therefore, from economic feasibility angle, be only suitable for processing that Ni content is greater than 1.5%, the red soil nickel ore of Fe/Ni mass ratio <12, and need local have sufficient coal and electric power resource.
Rotary kiln-nodulizing process (large rivers and mountains method) is processed red soil nickel ore and is prepared ferronickel, technological process is mainly red soil nickel ore drying, fragmentation, screening processes afterwards and flux, reductive agent are mixed in proportion briquetting, nodulizing is after chain grate machine is dry, enter rotary kiln through row reducing roasting (800～1250 DEG C) and molten point granulated iron (1250～1400 DEG C), calcining passes through shrend, crushing and screening, sorting process again, obtains the granular ferronickel product of sponge.The great advantage of this technique is that flow process is short, less energy consumption, production cost are low.The energy consumption of this technique mainly concentrates on rotary kiln and reduces-melt gradation ironworker order, rotary kiln waste gas (～90 DEG C) is introduced into drying and preheating agglomerate in chain grate machine, can reduce energy consumption, and rotary kiln baking process can be used cheap coal as fuel, in overall energy consumption 85% provided by coal, the about 200kg of ton ore deposit consumption coal.And the energy consumption of rotary kiln-electrosmelting technique more than 80% is provided by electric energy, ton ore deposit power consumption 560～600kwh, by comparison, the ton ore deposit Energy Intensity Reduction of large rivers and mountains method is more than 50%.
Taking red soil nickel ore as raw material, adopt direct-reduction explained hereafter ferronickel, the carrier that iron serves as nickel is able to enrichment by physical separation, make directly to be entered stainless steel by the iron when impurity processing in electrolytic nickel production, avoided ferronickel after separating in electrolytic nickel production, the waste of resource while needing to merge again, more reasonable, more have superiority, can be fast-developing stainless steel industry the raw material of high-quality is provided, to meet the demand of market to nickel.But because direct-reduction process using coal carries out heat supply and reduction, owing to producing the high-temperature flue gas of a large amount of high-content CO in the incomplete combustion of coal and reduction process, cause the increase of reduction process coal consumption, generally will after its udst separation, send rotary kiln burner back at present, together with coal dust as fuel.In addition, because a large amount of high-melting-point substances that contain in red soil nickel ore are unfavorable for that in reducing roasting process, the migration of ferronickel is grown up, magnetic separation is separated to ferronickel unfavorable.
Summary of the invention
Prepare the technique of ferronickel for rotary kiln for directly reducing in prior art, exist energy consumption high, production cost is improved, reducing roasting product is difficult to separate, cause the low series of problems that waits of metal recovery rate, the object of the invention is to be, provide a kind of taking red soil nickel ore as raw material, less energy-consumption, low cost, high metal recovery rate are prepared the method for ferronickel.
The object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of red soil nickel ore to prepare the technique of ferronickel, this technique comprises the following steps:
Step 1: dry
By after red soil nickel ore fragmentation, be dried to biodiversity content and be not more than 6%;
Step 2: agglomeration
After dried step 1 red soil nickel ore is mixed with sodium sulfate, reductive agent, flux and binding agent, be pressed into agglomerate;
Step 3: prereduction
The red soil nickel ore agglomerate that step 2 is made packs in shaft furnace, and the temperature that rotary kiln is produced is 750～900 DEG C, and the high-temperature flue gas that CO quality percentage composition is 20～50% is introduced in shaft furnace described red soil nickel ore agglomerate is dried and prereduction roasting;
Step 4: reducing roasting
Red soil nickel ore agglomerate hot charging after step 3 prereduction roasting, in rotary kiln, is adopted coal combustion to produce 950～1050 DEG C of high temperature described red soil nickel ore agglomerate is carried out to reducing roasting;
Step 5: mill ore magnetic selection
After adopting shrend cooling product after step 4 reducing roasting, ore grinding, magnetic separation separate, and obtain the magnetic powdery ferronickel of tool.
A kind of technique of preparing ferronickel from red soil nickel ore of the present invention also comprises following preferred version:
In preferred scheme, the quality of flux is 3～8% of red soil nickel ore quality.
In preferred scheme, the quality of sodium sulfate is 5～15% of red soil nickel ore quality.
In preferred scheme, the quality of reductive agent is 3～8% of red soil nickel ore quality.
In preferred scheme, the quality of binding agent is 1～3% of red soil nickel ore quality.
In further preferred scheme, the mass ratio of red soil nickel ore and sodium sulfate, reductive agent, flux and binding agent is 100:5～15:3～8:3～8:1～3.
Described reductive agent is brown coal.Described be not more than-5mm of brown coal particle diameter.
Described flux is unslaked lime and/or Wingdale.
Described binding agent is compound starch adhesive and/or humic acid extract.
The temperature that in preferred scheme, rotary kiln produces is, after 750～900 DEG C of flue gases are introduced in shaft furnace, to make the temperature of shaft furnace inside be elevated to 500～700 DEG C.
In preferred scheme, prereduction roasting time is 1～3h.
In preferred scheme, after prereduction, in red soil nickel ore, the reduction ratio of NiO is 30～60%.
In preferred scheme, the reducing roasting time is 4～6h.
Dry in preferred scheme is dry 1～2h under 250～450 DEG C of temperature condition.
Product in preferred scheme after reducing roasting adopts after shrend, and ore grinding to granularity is not less than 90% in-200 order mass content, then magnetic separation separation is carried out in the magnetic field that is 800～1500Gs by intensity.
High-temperature flue gas in preferred scheme in rotary kiln enters shaft furnace from shaft furnace bottom.
The coal combustion particle diameter that in preferred scheme, step 4 adopts is 25～5mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention utilizes shaft furnace and rotary kiln to combine first, red soil nickel ore is carried out to reducing roasting, make full use of the feature that baking flue gas in rotary kiln has high temperature and high reductibility, be introduced into shaft furnace the red soil nickel ore in shaft furnace is carried out to prereduction roasting.The present invention is by the strict reducing roasting temperature of controlling in rotary kiln, and it is suitable to produce temperature, and the flue gas of high carbon monoxide content, can be dried and prereduction red soil nickel ore, compared with preparing ferronickel technique with traditional rotary kiln for directly reducing, improve roasting efficiency on the one hand, be conducive to metal recovery; Effectively reduce on the other hand energy consumption, reduce coal consumption, greatly save production cost.In the further preferred scheme of the present invention, prepare agglomerate by the sodium sulfate, reductive agent, flux and the binding agent that add appropriate amount, effectively reduce reduction process temperature required, avoid ring formation of rotary kiln problem, what be conducive to produce carries out smoothly, improved the mass transfer condition in reducing roasting process of laterite nickle mine simultaneously, promote ferronickel particle to grow up, the magnetic separation that is conducive to ferronickel separates.
Brief description of the drawings
[Fig. 1] is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples are intended to further illustrate content of the present invention, instead of limit the scope of the invention.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
The main chemical compositions of red soil nickel ore used is as shown in table 1, and by red soil nickel ore, broken, ore grinding is to the red soil nickel ore powder of-5mm in advance, and wherein-1mm grade accounts for red soil nickel ore powder mass percent and is more than or equal to 70%.
Main chemical compositions/the % of table 1 red soil nickel ore (butt)
Comparative example 1 (large rivers and mountains method)
Red soil nickel ore drying, fragmentation, screening are processed afterwards and flux Wingdale, reductive agent hard coal are mixed in proportion briquetting, after agglomerate is dry, melt point (1250～1400 DEG C) through high temperature reduction roasting (800～1250 DEG C) and granulated iron, calcining passes through shrend, crushing and screening, sorting process again, and obtaining diameter is the granular ferronickel product of 2～3mm sponge.Adopt red soil nickel ore nickeliferous 2.3%, iron 13.6% be raw material can to obtain nickel content be 23%, the ferronickel that nickel recovery is 93%.
Embodiment 1
After the dry fragmentation of red soil nickel ore, be 10% sodium sulfate with accounting for its massfraction, 5% lime, 5% brown coal, 3% amylan mixes, agglomeration, through the prereduction of shaft furnace gas base, reduction shaft furnace gas is from rotary kiln, make shaft furnace temperature reach 650 DEG C, CO quality percentage composition 65%, carry out prereduction time 2h, the reduction ratio of NiO is 54.3%, prereduction product hot charging in shaft furnace is in rotary kiln, reducing roasting 6h at 950 DEG C of temperature, reduzate is through shrend, broken, ore grinding, magnetic separation, grinding fineness 74 μ m account for 90%, magneticstrength 1000Gs, nickel in gained Rhometal product, iron grade is respectively 8.3% and 85.6%, nickel, iron recovery is respectively 94.8% and 72.6%.
Embodiment 2
After the dry fragmentation of red soil nickel ore, be 7% sodium sulfate with accounting for its massfraction, 7% lime, 5% brown coal, 2% humic acid extract mixes, agglomeration, through the prereduction of shaft furnace gas base, reduction shaft furnace gas is from rotary kiln, make shaft furnace temperature reach 650 DEG C, CO quality percentage composition 60%, carry out prereduction time 2h, the reduction ratio of NiO is 51.6%, prereduction product hot charging in shaft furnace is in rotary kiln, reducing roasting 4h at 1000 DEG C of temperature, reduzate is through shrend, broken, ore grinding, magnetic separation, grinding fineness 74 μ m account for 90%, magneticstrength 1000Gs, nickel in gained Rhometal product, iron grade is respectively 8.5% and 83.9%, nickel, iron recovery is respectively 97.2% and 71.4%.
Embodiment 3
After the dry fragmentation of red soil nickel ore, be 13% sodium sulfate with accounting for its massfraction, 4% lime, 4% brown coal, 2% humic acid extract mixes, agglomeration, through the prereduction of shaft furnace gas base, reduction shaft furnace gas is from rotary kiln, make shaft furnace temperature reach 550 DEG C, CO quality percentage composition 50%, carry out prereduction time 3h, the reduction ratio of NiO is 47.3%, prereduction product hot charging in shaft furnace is in rotary kiln, reducing roasting 5h at 1050 DEG C of temperature, reduzate is through shrend, broken, ore grinding, magnetic separation, grinding fineness 74 μ m account for 90%, magneticstrength 1000Gs, nickel in gained Rhometal product, iron grade is respectively 8.6% and 88.2%, nickel, iron recovery is respectively 95.7% and 76.1%.
Known by above embodiment, by utilizing the flue gas of the high temperature producing in rotary kiln reduction process, high CO content to red soil nickel ore prereduction, greatly reduce energy consumption, production cost is reduced, meanwhile, by adding flux lime, reduce the reflowing temperature of red soil nickel ore, promote growing up of ferronickel particle, be conducive to reduce reduction temperature.For the raw ore of low nickel, low iron (Ni:1.52%, TFe:18.85%), can obtain nickel content higher than 8%, iron level reaches more than 85% ferronickel product, nickel, iron recovery reach respectively more than 95% and 70%, and product increment degree is high.
Claims (7)
1. red soil nickel ore is prepared a technique for ferronickel, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: dry
By after red soil nickel ore fragmentation, be dried to biodiversity content and be not more than 6%;
Step 2: agglomeration
After dried step 1 red soil nickel ore is mixed with sodium sulfate, reductive agent, flux and binding agent, be pressed into agglomerate;
Step 3: prereduction
The red soil nickel ore agglomerate that step 2 is made packs in shaft furnace, and the temperature that rotary kiln is produced is 750～900 DEG C, and the high-temperature flue gas that CO quality percentage composition is 20～50% is introduced in shaft furnace described red soil nickel ore agglomerate is dried and prereduction roasting;
Step 4: reducing roasting
Red soil nickel ore agglomerate hot charging after step 3 prereduction roasting, in rotary kiln, is adopted coal combustion to produce 950～1050 DEG C of high temperature described red soil nickel ore agglomerate is carried out to reducing roasting;
Step 5: mill ore magnetic selection
After adopting shrend cooling product after step 4 reducing roasting, ore grinding, magnetic separation separate, and obtain the magnetic powdery ferronickel of tool.
2. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of red soil nickel ore and sodium sulfate, reductive agent, flux and binding agent is 100:5～15:3～8:3～8:1～3; Wherein, reductive agent is brown coal, and flux is unslaked lime and/or Wingdale, and binding agent is compound starch adhesive and/or humic acid extract.
3. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the high-temperature flue gas that rotary kiln produces makes the temperature of shaft furnace inside be elevated to 500～700 DEG C.
4. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described prereduction roasting time is 1～3h.
5. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described reducing roasting time is 4～6h.
6. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described dry be dry red soil nickel ore 1～2h under 250～450 DEG C of temperature condition.
7. according to the technique described in claim 1～6 any one, it is characterized in that, after the product after reducing roasting adopts shrend cold, ore grinding to granularity is not less than 90% in-200 order mass content, then magnetic separation separation is carried out in the magnetic field that is 800～1500Gs by intensity.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN105400963A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-16 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for efficiently gathering precious metal from refractory gold concentrate through direct reduction-melt separation |
| CN106088694A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Lateritic nickel ore raw material storage and lateritic nickel ore stock preparation system |
| CN106319206A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 广西盛隆冶金有限公司 | Method for producing ferro-nickel alloy with nickel laterite ore |
| CN107217155A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-29 | 中南大学 | A kind of lateritic nickel ore reduces cooling means |
| CN107254563A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-17 | 中南大学 | The compound additive of high magnesium types lateritic nickel ore direct-reduction and its application in reinforcing |
| CN107287446A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-24 | 中南大学 | The quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln |
| CN107385235A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-11-24 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Using the technique and its device of prereduction preheating kiln and bath smelting furnace smelting nickel-iron |
| CN108080142A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-29 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of shaft roasting ore deposit quality grading ore-dressing technique |
| CN112626301A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 商都中建金马冶金化工有限公司 | Preparation process of nickel-iron alloy |
| CN114318005A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing high-grade nickel product by treating low-grade laterite-nickel ore with microwave |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105400963B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of molten point of method of efficiently concentrating noble metal of complicated golden ore concentrate direct-reduction |
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| CN106319206A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 广西盛隆冶金有限公司 | Method for producing ferro-nickel alloy with nickel laterite ore |
| CN107217155A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-29 | 中南大学 | A kind of lateritic nickel ore reduces cooling means |
| CN107287446A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-24 | 中南大学 | The quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln |
| CN107254563A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-17 | 中南大学 | The compound additive of high magnesium types lateritic nickel ore direct-reduction and its application in reinforcing |
| CN107217155B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2019-02-12 | 中南大学 | A kind of lateritic nickel ore reduction cooling means |
| CN107254563B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2019-03-29 | 中南大学 | The compound additive of high magnesium types lateritic nickel ore direct-reduction and its application in reinforcing |
| CN107385235A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-11-24 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Using the technique and its device of prereduction preheating kiln and bath smelting furnace smelting nickel-iron |
| CN108080142A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-29 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of shaft roasting ore deposit quality grading ore-dressing technique |
| CN108080142B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-09-10 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of shaft roasting mine quality grading ore-dressing technique |
| CN112626301A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 商都中建金马冶金化工有限公司 | Preparation process of nickel-iron alloy |
| CN114318005A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing high-grade nickel product by treating low-grade laterite-nickel ore with microwave |
| CN114318005B (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-11-29 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing high-grade nickel product by treating low-grade laterite-nickel ore with microwave |
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