CN103947395B - Cultivation method for interplanting mustard type spring rape and flax - Google Patents
Cultivation method for interplanting mustard type spring rape and flax Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for interplanting mustard type spring rape and flax. The cultivation method comprises the following steps of a1, selecting a cultivation variety; a2, preparing before sowing; a3, sowing; a4, thinning and establishing; a5, fertilizing; a6, intertilling to loosen the soil; a7, preventing damage by disease and insect; a8, harvesting in good time; a9, performing multiple sowing of Chinese cabbage; after the rape is harvested in the first ten-day period of August, Chinese cabbage seedlings are transplanted between ridges, and about 10,000kg of Chinese cabbage can be harvested per mu. According to the cultivation method, the two crops are large in there-dimensional space interval and are breathable, the humidity of field after rainfall is difficultly increased, downy mildew and powdery mildew of the rape difficultly occur, and the occurrence quantity of aphids is small; in addition, because the air permeability in the field is good, rape plants are sturdy and tall, pods seed vigorously, and high yield is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to arable farming field, the cultural method that more particularly, to a kind of juncea spring rape set grows flax.
Background technology
Juncea spring rape is one of main oil crops in Shanxi Province, local people is lived most important.2010
Nearly 100,000 hm of Shanxi Province's spring rape sown area2, it was declined slightly in recent years.Northwest Shanxi most area is mountain area and hills, year
Average rainfall 400mm, frost-free period 100-130d about, and spring rape drought resisting, cold-resistant, resistance to lean, high yield, oil content height, thick fat
Fat content average out to 38% about, is welcome by local common people deeply.
The production status of current spring rape: in local late June-early July, spring rape growth is in the silique phase, with
The increase that increases of silique quantity, the phenomenon of " top-heavy " in plant, Northwest Shanxi most area increases in July rainfall
Plus, leaning to one side occurs with the wind in plant, and end of the branch is interlaced together, and field air is not smooth.Now just catching up with hot weather, ground
Surface humidity increases, and hot gas rises, the easily big generation of aphid, and diffusion velocity is exceedingly fast, and is almost covered with field in one week when serious
Whole end of the branch, sucks plant juice, affects kernel grouting, and seed diminishes, and shrivelled rate increases.At this moment plant strain growth interlaced
Together, can be with medication near the plant of periphery, but whole plot medical treatment is impossible, insect pest development of leaving；Furthermore, due to
High temperature and field humidity are big, and the generation of downy mildew and powdery mildew is also quite serious, and light is almost fallen in plant leaf morbidity, and plant is photosynthetic
Effect is obstructed, and accelerates rape maturation time, and grain plumpness not, greatly have impact on the normal growth of local rape, makes
Become very big economic loss, the rape underproduction is typically in 30%-50%.
In view of drawbacks described above, creator of the present invention passes through long research and practice obtains this creation finally.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the cultural method that a kind of juncea spring rape set grows flax, in order to overcome above-mentioned skill
Art defect.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the cultural method that a kind of juncea spring rape set grows flax, this concrete cultivation
Training process is:
Step a1, selects farming kind；Select suitably local High-yielding Spring rape variety, Shanxi oil 6, Shanxi oil 8 and height
Oil 9；
Step a2, prepares before sowing；
Plough soil moisture conservation, before entering the winter, admix 1500kg farm manure so that loosing soil with ploughing deeply soil, grogs is broken thin, fully cruelly
Shine, kill germ therein；
Step a3, sowing；
Can be by the way of plough be broadcast or is manually ditched for small area sowing, rape seed amount 0.25kg/ mu, flax
2.5kg/ mu；Machine sowing form, rape seed amount 0.5kg/ mu, flax application rate 3.5kg/ mu are then adopted for large area sowing；
Step a4, thinning, final singling；
Rape thinning is carried out at twice, carries out in 2 true leaves for the first time；Carry out in 5 true leaves for second, spacing in the rows
25-30cm, line-spacing 20cm；
Step a5, fertilising；
Within growth period, Shi Chun n180-195kg/hm2；Increase p, apply p2o590kg/hm2；Mend k, apply k2O120-150kg/
hm2；Join micro- borax 15kg/hm2；
Step a6, intertillage is loosened the soil；
In rape throughout the growing season, typically hoe the fields and carry out 2 times: carry out with secondary thinning for the first time simultaneously, should not deeply uproot,
In order to avoid hindering root, to go to cut weeds, based on broken soil block；Loosen the soil for the second time and carry out at the bolting initial stage；
Step a7, prevention and elimination of disease and pests；
Wherein, the preventing and treating of insect pest, after emerging 1 week, 800-1000 times of liquid of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate with 45%, mieyajing 800-1000
Times liquid, or 600-800 times of liquid of metrifonate sprays, and sprays once after 7d again；
The preventing and treating of disease, the preventing and treating of sclerotiniose disease, carry out Seed Treatment before sowing, with 10% sort seed by salt water, remove
Disease floating and bulbil, the seed chosen is sowed after drying；The preventing and treating of downy mildew, early stage is big from 43%
Raw richness 600-800 times of liquid of suspending agent sprays；Fall ill, sprayed from 66.8% 500-600 times of liquid of mould many grams of wettable powders,
Or sprayed with 1000 times of liquid of 50% Propamocarb latex agent；
Step a8, harvests in good time；
Medium well in pod, just should gather in time during large area yellowing, dry threshing；
Step a9, Chinese cabbage of replaying；After the harvesting of early August rape, transplant Chinese cabbage rice shoot between ridge, every mu can harvest
Chinese cabbage 10000kg about.
Further, in above-mentioned steps a3, northwestern Shanxi was sowed in mid-April.
Further, in above-mentioned steps a3, ridging moves towards east-west direction, takes sowing six ridge rapes, and six ridge flax are alternate
Seeding method.
Further, in above-mentioned steps a5, concrete fertilising process is as follows:
Use sufficient base fertilizer, mu applies diamines 25kg, composite fertilizer 10-20kg prior to seeding；
Early apply seed manure, secondary after seedling, apply urea 20kg with water mu；
Heavy dressing tongue is fertile, and after emerging, 25d applies tongue fertilizer, now based on quick-acting fertilizer, such as (nh4)2so410kg, nh4hco320kg,
Urea 5kg.
Further, in above-mentioned steps a7, the physical method of pest control is: autumn ploughs, and will root out field side weeds, disappear
Go out over-wintering adult or larva.
Further, in above-mentioned steps a7, the physical control method of sclerotiniose disease is: autumn ploughs deeply ground；Carry out crop rotation；
Plant spacing is difficult excessive, reinforcement ventilation；Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, strengthen cell tissue toughness, improve resistant to lodging and
Resistance against diseases；Extract old, yellow leaf piece；Ditch cleaning draining is wanted in the plot of hypsography low-lying；From anti-, disease tolerant variety.
Further, in above-mentioned steps a7, the chemical prevention and control method of sclerotiniose disease is: 2 preventing and treatings of emphasis, one is in oil
Dish early flowering season apothecium sprouts the Sheng phase, and on Rapeseed Field surrounding ridge, spray kills apothecium and the ascus spore that sclerotial germination grows
Son；Two is to spray 1000 times of liquid of 80% carbendazim Ultramicro-powder, 1000 times of 50% compound dimethachlon wettable powder in rape flowering
Liquid or 400 times of liquid of 40% polysulfide suspending agent, are sprayed after 7d for the second time.
Further, in above-mentioned steps a7, the physical control method of downy mildew disease is: selects disease-resistant variety；In cultivation
Technically, carry out wide row plantation, do ditch cleaning draining, the rational application of fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer well, strengthen the premunition of plant；Find disease
Strain, pulls out in time.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention is: between two kinds of crop ridges, space is big, and rape and flax are planted
The strain later stage is highly different, and rape plant height is between 150cm-185cm, and flax plant height is between 40cm-50cm, two kinds of crop height
Degree drop is big, forms obvious solid space at later stages.
Because two kinds of crop stereoscopic space intervals are big, penetrating, air flow is not obstructed, and field local temperature is difficult to raise,
After rainfall, field humidity is not easy to increase, so oilseed rape downy mildew and powdery mildew are not susceptible to, the generating capacity of aphid is also little, even if
Occur, medical treatment can be in time, convenience, has the space that can put to good use, and because the permeability of field air is good, rape
Plant is sturdy tall and big, and silique is solid vigorous, facilitates high yield.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, the above-mentioned He other technical characteristic of the present invention and advantage are described in more detail.
Specifically, this cultivation is:
Step a1, selects farming kind；
In the present embodiment, suitably local High-yielding Spring rape variety, Shanxi oil 6, Shanxi oil 8 and high oil 9 are selected；
Step a2, prepares before sowing；
Plough soil moisture conservation, before entering the winter, admix farm manure 1500kg so that loosing soil with ploughing deeply soil, grogs is broken thin, fully cruelly
Shine, kill germ therein, improve soil physical and chemical property, be that good edaphic condition is created in the growth of rape and flax.
Step a3, sowing；
Rape and flax sowing must in good time, reach and emerge neat, growth is unanimously.Northwestern Shanxi was broadcast in mid-April
Plant ratio conveniently, but will suit measures to local conditions.
Can be by the way of plough be broadcast or is manually ditched for small area sowing, rape seed amount 0.25kg/ mu, flax
2.5kg/ mu.Machine sowing form, rape seed amount 0.5kg/ mu, flax application rate 3.5kg/ mu are then adopted for large area sowing.
Ridging moves towards east-west direction, takes and sows six ridge rapes, the alternate seeding method of six ridge flax, so from morning to night
Two kinds of crops occur without shading phenomenon, are conducive to crop normal growth.
Step a4, thinning, final singling；
Rape thinning is carried out at twice, carries out in 2 true leaves for the first time；Carry out in 5 true leaves for second, spacing in the rows
25-30cm, line-spacing 20cm.Flax does not then need thinning.
Step a5, fertilising；
For heavy n, light p to generally existing in the characteristics of demand of fertilizer and current Rape-seed production for the rape growth, no
Apply the fertile Fertilization Situation of k, b, the present invention takes control n mode, Shi Chun n180-195kg/hm2；Increase p, apply p2o590kg/hm2；Mend k,
Apply k2O120-150kg/hm2；Join micro- borax 15kg/hm2Balance formula measure, accomplish organic-inorganic combine n, p, k, b cooperation.
Specific as follows:
Use sufficient base fertilizer, mu applies diamines 25kg, composite fertilizer 10-20kg prior to seeding；
Early apply seed manure, secondary after seedling, apply urea 20kg with water mu；
Heavy dressing tongue is fertile, and after emerging, 25d applies tongue fertilizer, now based on quick-acting fertilizer, such as (nh4)28o410kg, nh4hco320kg,
Urea 5kg, to promote rape bolting sturdy, branch is many, and silique is many.Liquid manure should be carried out during fertilising combine.Run into rainy weather, can
Directly with rain broadcast application.
Step a6, intertillage is loosened the soil；
For the special geography of Northwest Shanxi and weather conditions, take the way to manage of " must uproot after early hoe, diligent hoe, rain ".?
Rape throughout the growing season, is typically hoed the fields and is carried out 2 times: carries out with secondary thinning for the first time simultaneously, should not deeply uproot, in order to avoid hindering root,
To go to cut weeds, based on broken soil block；Loosen the soil for the second time and carry out at the bolting initial stage, at this moment rape is taken root relatively surely, can deeply uproot, right
Promote soil differentiation and root system development, absorb nutrition, strengthen the growth of aerial part, play the role of good.
Intertillage is loosened the soil can make topsoil keep loose, strengthen aeration and the water penetration of soil, accelerate manure digestion, fully
Play the effectiveness of fertilizer, strengthen the ability of drought-relief.
Step a7, prevention and elimination of disease and pests；
The preventing and treating of insect pest
In the growth course of rape, mainly there are the insect pests such as aphid, flea beetle.
Aphid occurs especially seriously, mainly to suck the juice of plant when hot and humid, emerges beginning until opening from rape
Bow structure is all endangered in fact, diligent will observe, early prevents and treats.
Flea beetle is especially serious in the harm of Brassica Napus Seedling phase, blade of mainly eating food, and almost eats up, lead to seedling dead when serious
Die, cause the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling.
Prevention and controls: after emerging 1 week, 800-1000 times of liquid of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate with 45%, 800-1000 times of liquid of mieyajing, or
600-800 times of liquid of metrifonate sprays, and sprays once after 7d again.The noticeable position being intended to adhere to against aphid sprays, no
Then preventive effect is little.
Physical method: autumn ploughs, will root out field side weeds, eliminate over-wintering adult or larva.
The preventing and treating of disease:
Rape disease mainly has sclerotiniose and downy mildew.
Sclerotiniose all can occur in the stem of rape overground part, leaf, silique etc., and germ destroys tissue in site of pathological change, inhales
Receive nutrition so that silique and seed development is not full, plant is ripe or dead ahead of time, when serious, plant is large stretch of dead, to yield
Impact is very big, and dry year occurs few.
Prevention and controls: carry out Seed Treatment before sowing, with 10% sort seed by salt water, remove that the disease floating is sub and little bacterium
Core, the seed chosen is sowed after drying.
Physical method: autumn ploughs deeply ground；Carry out crop rotation；Plant spacing is difficult excessive, reinforcement ventilation；Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, enriches
Phosphorus potash fertilizer, strengthens the toughness of cell tissue, improves resistant to lodging and resistance against diseases；Extract old, yellow leaf piece；The plot of hypsography low-lying will
Ditch cleaning draining；From disease-resistant and disease tolerant variety.
Chemical prevention: emphasis grabs 2 preventing and treatings.One is to sprout the Sheng phase in rape early flowering season apothecium, in Rapeseed Field surrounding field
On the ridge, spray kills apothecium and the ascospore that sclerotial germination grows；Two is to spray 80% carbendazim Ultramicro-powder in rape flowering
1000 times of liquid, 50% 1000 times of liquid of compound dimethachlon wettable powder or 400 times of liquid of 40% polysulfide suspending agent, carry out after 7d
Secondary spray.
Downy mildew rape whole fertility during all can occur, form the typically white mould layer of shape, danger on scab surface
Evil stem, leaf, flower, silique and seed.After this disease occurs, seed diminishes, and oil yield reduces, and has shadow to yield and seed quality
Ring.
Physical method: select disease-resistant variety；In cultivation technique, carry out wide row plantation, do ditch cleaning draining well, rationally apply
Fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, strengthen the premunition of plant；Find diseased plant, pull out in time.
Chemical prevention: early stage, sprayed from 43% big raw richness 600-800 times of liquid of suspending agent；Fall ill, selected
66.8% 500-600 times of liquid of mould many grams of wettable powders sprays, or is sprayed with 1000 times of liquid of 50% Propamocarb latex agent.
Step a8, harvests in good time；
Medium well in pod, just should gather in time during large area yellowing, dry threshing, to avoid silique cracking to cause to damage
Lose it is ensured that high yield is had a good harvest.
Step a9, Chinese cabbage of replaying；
After the harvesting of early August rape, transplant Chinese cabbage rice shoot between ridge, every mu can harvest Chinese cabbage 10000kg.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be merely illustrative for invention, and nonrestrictive.
Those skilled in the art understands, it can be carried out in the spirit and scope that invention claim is limited with many changes, change,
Even equivalent, but fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the cultural method that a kind of juncea spring rape set grows flax is it is characterised in that concrete cultivation is:
Step a1, selects farming kind；Select suitably local High-yielding Spring rape variety, Shanxi oil 6, Shanxi oil 8 and high oil 9
Number；
Step a2, prepares before sowing；
Plough soil moisture conservation, before entering the winter, admix farm manure 1500kg so that loosing soil with ploughing deeply soil, grogs is broken thin, is fully exposed to the sun,
Kill germ therein；
Step a3, sowing；
For small area sowing by the way of plough is broadcast or manually ditched, rape seed amount 0.25kg/ mu, flax 2.5kg/ mu；
Machine sowing form, rape seed amount 0.5kg/ mu, flax application rate 3.5kg/ mu are then adopted for large area sowing；
Step a4, thinning, final singling；
Rape thinning is carried out at twice, carries out in 2 true leaves for the first time；Carry out in 5 true leaves for second, spacing in the rows 25-
30cm, line-spacing 20cm；
Step a5, fertilising；
Within growth period, Shi Chun n 180-195kg/hm2；Increase p, apply p2o590kg/hm2；Mend k, apply k2o 120-150kg/hm2；
Join micro- borax 15kg/hm2；
Step a6, intertillage is loosened the soil；
In rape throughout the growing season, hoe the fields and will carry out 2 times: carry out with secondary thinning for the first time simultaneously, should not deeply uproot, in order to avoid wound
Root, to go to cut weeds, based on broken soil block；Loosen the soil for the second time and carry out at the bolting initial stage；
Step a7, prevention and elimination of disease and pests；
Wherein, the preventing and treating of insect pest, after emerging 1 week, 800-1000 times of liquid of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate with 45%, 800-1000 times of mieyajing
Liquid, or 600-800 times of liquid of metrifonate sprays, and sprays once after 7d again；
The preventing and treating of disease, the preventing and treating of sclerotiniose disease, carry out Seed Treatment before sowing, with 10% sort seed by salt water, removal floats
Disease coming and bulbil, the seed chosen is sowed after drying；The preventing and treating of downy mildew, early stage, big raw rich from 43%
600-800 times of liquid of suspending agent sprays；Fall ill, sprayed from 66.8% 500-600 times of liquid of mould many grams of wettable powders, or used
50% 1000 times of Propamocarb latex agent liquid spraying；
Step a8, harvests in good time；
Medium well in pod, just should gather in time during large area yellowing, dry threshing；
Step a9, Chinese cabbage of replaying；After the harvesting of early August rape, transplant Chinese cabbage rice shoot, every mu of results Chinese cabbage between ridge
10 000kg about；
In above-mentioned steps a5, concrete fertilising process is as follows:
Use sufficient base fertilizer, mu applies diamines 25kg, composite fertilizer 10-20kg prior to seeding；
Early apply seed manure, secondary after seedling, apply urea 20kg with water mu；
Heavy dressing tongue is fertile, and after emerging, 25d applies tongue fertilizer, now based on quick-acting fertilizer；
In above-mentioned steps a7, the physical method of pest control is: autumn ploughs, and will root out field side weeds, eliminates over-wintering adult
Or larva；In above-mentioned steps a7, the physical control method of sclerotiniose disease is: autumn ploughs deeply ground；Carry out crop rotation；Plant spacing
Unsuitable excessive, strengthen ventilation；Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, strengthen the toughness of cell tissue, improve energy resistant to lodging and disease-resistant
Power；Extract old, yellow leaf piece；Ditch cleaning draining is wanted in the plot of hypsography low-lying；From disease-resistant and disease tolerant variety；
In above-mentioned steps a7, the chemical prevention and control method of sclerotiniose disease is: 2 preventing and treatings of emphasis, and one is in rape early flowering season
The Sheng phase sprouted by discus, and on Rapeseed Field surrounding ridge, spray kills apothecium and the ascospore that sclerotial germination grows；Two be
Rape flowering spray 1000 times of liquid of 80% carbendazim Ultramicro-powder, 50% 1000 times of liquid of compound dimethachlon wettable powder or 40%
400 times of liquid of polysulfide suspending agent, are sprayed after 7d for the second time；
In above-mentioned steps a7, the physical control method of downy mildew disease is: selects disease-resistant variety；In cultivation technique, carry out
Wide row is planted, and does ditch cleaning draining, the rational application of fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer well, strengthens the premunition of plant；Find diseased plant, pull out in time；
In above-mentioned steps a3, northwestern Shanxi was sowed in mid-April；
In above-mentioned steps a3, ridging moves towards east-west direction, takes sowing six ridge rapes, the alternate seeding method of six ridge flax.
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| CN105940908A (en) * | 2016-05-07 | 2016-09-21 | 余贤祥 | Mixed planting method of lagopsis supine and oilseed rapes |
| CN106508586B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-05-10 | 大连工业大学 | A kind of cultivation technique of young age large cherry interplanting Opius dimidiatus Ashmead |
| CN107242009A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-10-13 | 白银市农业科学研究所 | A kind of flax intercropping technology |
| CN107593331A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-19 | 陈金水 | One kind warms up cool grid pakchoi spatial planting technology |
| CN110692479B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-11-23 | 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for realizing agricultural prevention and control of tetranychidae by reasonable interplanting |
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