CN103947122A - 无线通信设备、具有无线通信设备的无线通信***、及电力消耗管理设备 - Google Patents

无线通信设备、具有无线通信设备的无线通信***、及电力消耗管理设备 Download PDF

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CN103947122A
CN103947122A CN201280056215.4A CN201280056215A CN103947122A CN 103947122 A CN103947122 A CN 103947122A CN 201280056215 A CN201280056215 A CN 201280056215A CN 103947122 A CN103947122 A CN 103947122A
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communication
telecom equipment
wireless telecom
wireless
power
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铃木淳一
武长秀树
藤井隆
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/546Combination of signalling, telemetering, protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00034Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/12Energy storage units, uninterruptible power supply [UPS] systems or standby or emergency generators, e.g. in the last power distribution stages
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/121Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)

Abstract

一种无线通信设备,其能够在除停电以外的正常时刻持续确保电力供给。该无线通信设备直接连接至作为配电板内的***电源线的干线,并且通过从干线接收电力的供给来进行工作。该无线通信设备被配置成:位于配电板的壳体的内部;或者其主体部分容纳在壳体的内部,而天线单元暴露在该壳体的外部;或者连接至壳体的外部。

Description

无线通信设备、具有无线通信设备的无线通信***、及电力消耗管理设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无线通信设备、具有该无线通信设备的无线通信***、以及包括该无线通信设备的电力消耗管理设备。
背景技术
传统上,在诸如PHS中继器和无线网关路由器等的用于对无线通信进行中继的无线通信设备中,已知有一种经由AC(交流)适配器从壁式插座供给电力的技术(例如参见日本特开2007-251247;以下称为文献1)。
在上述文献1中所述的无线通信设备中,在该设备连接至与其它家电设备共用的壁式插座的情况下,在期望临时优先使用该家电设备时,可能需要从壁式插座拔掉无线通信设备的AC适配器。在这种情况下,在无线通信设备的AC适配器再次连接至壁式插座之前,无法进行无线通信。特别是在无线通信设备应用于统合地控制住宅内的照明器具和家电设备(所谓的智能家电)的家庭能源管理***(HEMS)的情况下,住宅内的通信和各家电设备的控制可能被中断。在与无线通信设备的AC适配器相连接的壁式插座的***的分支断路器由于过电流等而遮断电路的情况下,发生同样的状况。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决上述问题而作出的。也就是说,本发明的目的是提供一种能够在除停电以外的正常时刻确保电力供给的无线通信设备、包括该无线通信设备的无线通信***、以及包括该无线通信设备的电力消耗管理设备。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的无线通信设备有线地连接至配电板内部的***电源线,并且被配置为通过从所述***电源线接收电力的供给来进行工作。
在本发明中,优选地,所述无线通信设备配置在所述配电板的壳体的内部。
在本发明中,优选地,所述无线通信设备的主体部分容纳在所述配电板的壳体的内部,并且天线单元被配置为暴露在所述壳体的外部。
在本发明中,优选地,所述无线通信设备被配置为连接至所述配电板的壳体的外部。
在本发明中,优选地,所述无线通信设备包括:第一通信单元,其被配置为根据第一协议与外部进行通信;第二通信单元,其被配置为根据第二协议,经由无线电波与外部装置进行通信;以及数据转换单元,其被配置为对通信数据进行转换以使得能够在所述第一通信单元和所述第二通信单元之间进行相互通信。
本发明的管理设备包括:所述无线通信设备;电力测量单元,其被配置为测量所述外部装置所消耗的电力;以及控制单元,其被配置为基于所述电力测量单元的测量结果,经由所述第二通信单元来控制所述外部装置的操作。
本发明的无线通信***包括:所述无线通信设备;以及电力计,其具有通信功能,并且被配置为连接至所述***电源线。
在本发明中,优选地,所述无线通信设备包括:第一通信单元,其被配置为与所述电力计进行通信;第二通信单元,其被配置为经由无线电波与无线装置进行通信;以及通信数据转换单元,其被配置为对通信数据进行转换以使得能够在所述第一通信单元和所述第二通信单元之间进行相互通信。
在本发明中,优选地,所述电力计和所述第一通信单元之间的通信是电力线通信。
本发明的无线通信设备被配置为连接至配电板内部的***电源线、并且通过从***电源线直接接收电力的供给来进行工作,从而确保在除停电以外的正常时刻不会丧失电力的供给。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明一个实施例的无线通信***的结构的框图。
图2是示出应用于根据本发明一个实施例的无线通信***的无线通信设备及其***设备的结构的框图。
图3是示出作为参考例的、应用传统无线通信设备的无线通信***的结构的框图。
图4是示出根据本发明实施例的变形例的无线通信***的结构的框图。
图5是示出根据本发明实施例的变形例的无线通信***中所包括的无线通信设备及其***设备的结构的框图。
图6是示出根据本发明实施例的变形例的无线通信***中所包括的HEMS控制器的结构的框图。
具体实施方式
将参考附图来说明包括根据本发明一个实施例的无线通信设备的无线通信***。
图1示出无线通信***的结构。在图1中,虚线表示无线连接。无线通信***100包括:配电板1,用于向住宅内的各位置分配并供给电力;智能电表(电力计)2,其具有通信功能;以及诸如空调、冰箱和洗衣机等的各种家电设备3。配电板1和智能电表2通过电力线30连接。在配电板1的壳体1B中,设置了具有通信功能的HEMS管理设备10。配电板1包括主干断路器11和至少一个分支断路器12。除家电设备3以外,根据需要还将太阳能发电机4、燃料电池5、蓄电池6、电动车辆7和信息处理终端8等连接至配电板1。家电设备3、电动车辆7和信息处理终端8连接至各分支断路器12。从商用电源或蓄电池6等供给使家电设备3、电动车辆7和信息处理终端8工作所需的电力。在蓄电池6中,例如储存来自太阳能发电机4和燃料电池5的电荷。将太阳能发电机4、燃料电池5和蓄电池6的输出端子例如经由电力调节器连接至电力线30。可以使用太阳能发电机4、燃料电池5和蓄电池6进行停电期间的自家发电。
在本实施例中,HEMS管理设备10(配电板1)、家电设备3、太阳能发电机4、燃料电池5、蓄电池6、电动车辆7和信息处理终端8等构成了HEMS网络1A,以使得上述设备可以彼此进行通信。注意,并非连接至配电板1的所有装置都需要具有与HEMS管理设备10(配电板1)的通信功能,并且这些装置中的一部分装置可以具有与HEMS管理设备10的通信功能。这些装置可以具有用以彼此进行通信的功能。HEMS网络1A中的装置还可以经由HEMS网络1A中的其它装置与HEMS管理设备10进行通信。尽管期望考虑到家电设备3的移动和增加设施等的施工的容易度而无线地进行HEMS网络1A内的通信,然而无法频繁移动的这种装置可以被配置为有线地进行通信。
HEMS管理设备10管理如下操作:太阳能发电机4和燃料电池5的发电;蓄电池6的充电和放电;诸如家电设备3等的装置的电力消耗;等等。也就是说,HEMS管理设备10对HEMS网络1A内的各装置的发电量和电力消耗量进行管理。可以利用信息处理终端8来显示太阳能发电机4和燃料电池5的发电状况、蓄电池6的充电状况、以及家电设备3等的电力消耗状况。可以在确认了信息处理终端8上所显示的信息的情况下,通过根据需要使信息处理终端8进行工作等以设置各装置的操作来使电力的流动最优化。信息处理终端8可以是配电板1附近的壁面上所安装的专用监视器,或者可以是诸如智能电话等的移动信息处理终端。
智能电表2通过电力线30有线地连接至配电板1。智能电表2将从输电线60所供给的电力供给至配电板1,并且测量并显示从输电线60供给至配电板1的电力(或者智能电表2可以显示HEMS管理设备10内的电力测量单元14(稍后所述)所测量得到的住宅内所消耗的电力)。智能电表2具有如上所述的通信功能,并且经由安装在其它住宅内的智能电表2等连接至电力公司的服务器50,以构成智能电表网络2A。有线地或无线地进行多个智能电表2之间的通信以及智能电表2和服务器50之间的通信。
智能电表2和配电板1(HEMS管理设备10)经由电力线30,以电力线通信(PLC)进行通信。例如,通过接收从电力公司发送来的基于时间的费用信息和电力提供信息、并且将这些信息反映在住宅内的电力消耗上,可以构建并运营更高级的HEMS。更具体地,在电费根据时间带而不同的情况下,HEMS管理设备10控制家电设备3,以使得家电设备3优先在费用较低的时间带工作,结果可以降低每月支出的电费。
图2示出本实施例的配电板1的结构。配电板1具有HEMS管理设备10、主干断路器11和多个分支断路器12。主干断路器11经由作为从主干断路器11延伸出的***电源线的干线13连接至分支断路器12。主干断路器11具有输入侧端子11a和输出侧端子11b。主干断路器11的输入侧端子11a经由电力线30连接至智能电表2。主干断路器11的输出侧端子11b经由干线13连接至分支断路器12和HEMS管理设备10。各分支断路器12从干线13分支,并且将电力供给至与该分支断路器12相对应地设置的各***的壁式插座。各分支断路器12在过电流经由相对应的***的壁式插座流至诸如家电设备3等的负载的情况下,遮断该***的电路。在流经各分支断路器12的电流的总和变得过大的情况下,主干断路器11进行工作以遮断所有***的电路。
HEMS管理设备10直接连接至从主干断路器11延伸出的(包括导电条和夹具的)干线13,并且通过从干线13接收电力的供给来进行工作。注意,HEMS管理设备10可以连接至与干线13相连接的多个分支断路器12中的被配置为向HEMS管理设备10供给电力的专用分支断路器12。在任意情况下,HEMS管理设备10直接有线连接至配电板1内的***电源线。HEMS管理设备10具有电力测量单元14和无线通信设备15。HEMS管理设备10包括用于测量住宅内所消耗的电力的功能、用于经由HEMS网络1A来管理/控制家电设备3等的功能、以及用于与智能电表2进行通信的功能。电力测量单元14连接至干线13,并且测量住宅内所消耗的电力。注意,电力测量单元14还连接至干线13中向着各分支断路器12的各分支路径,并且还测量从主干断路器11供给至各分支断路器12的电力。也就是说,电力测量单元14测量住宅内所消耗的总电力量。注意,电力测量单元14可以测量太阳能发电机4等在住宅内发电得到的电力。将与电力测量单元14测量得到的电力有关的信息经由PLC调制解调器16发送至智能电表2或者经由发送单元18发送至信息处理终端8。
无线通信设备15具有PLC调制解调器16、控制单元17、发送单元18、接收单元19、天线20和电源单元21。无线通信设备15的主体部分包括PLC调制解调器16、控制单元17、发送单元18、接收单元19和电源单元21。无线通信设备15的主体部分与天线20一起配置在配电板1的壳体1B中。无线通信设备15还包括输入端子15a。在本实施例中,输入端子15a直接连接至从主干断路器11的输出侧端子11b延伸出的干线13。此外,电源单元21直接连接至输入端子15a(也就是说,电源单元21直接连接至干线13)。电源单元21将从干线13所供给的交流电力转换为直流电力,并且将该直流电力供给至无线通信设备15的各单元。
无线通信设备15包括:第一通信单元15A,用于与智能电表2(电力计)进行通信;第二通信单元15B,用于经由无线电波与诸如家电设备3等的无线装置进行通信;以及控制单元17(通信数据转换单元),用于控制无线通信设备15的各单元。第一通信单元15A由PLC调制解调器16和控制单元17等构成,并且被配置为有线地与智能电表2进行双方向通信。PLC调制解调器16直接连接至干线13,将高频信息信号叠加在干线13内流动的交流电流上,并且有线地与智能电表2进行双方向通信。第二通信单元15B由控制单元17、发送单元18、接收单元19和天线20等构成,并且被配置为与HEMS网络1A内的家电设备3等无线地进行双方向通信。
控制单元17控制无线通信设备15的各单元。例如,控制单元17将经由接收单元19所获得的HEMS网络1A内的家电设备3等的信息经由PLC调制解调器16发送至智能电表2、或者经由发送单元18发送至信息处理终端8。此外,控制单元17将从电力公司所发送的且经由智能电表2和PLC调制解调器16所获得的信息经由发送单元18发送至信息处理终端8,并且使发送单元18基于该信息来发送用以控制HEMS网络1A内的家电设备3等的信号。这里,由于PLC调制解调器16和智能电表2之间的有线通信的协议(第一协议)不同于HEMS网络1A内的无线通信的协议(第二协议),因此控制单元17用作协议转换单元(通信数据转换单元)。控制单元17使用该功能将通信数据的协议在这两个协议之间进行转换,由此转换该通信数据以使得能够相互进行通信。也就是说,控制单元17具有用于使数据在如下两个协议之间进行转换的网关功能:包括PLC调制解调器16的第一通信单元15A进行发送和接收所利用的PLC的协议;以及包括发送单元18和接收单元19的第二通信单元15B进行发送和接收所利用的HEMS网络1A的协议。
注意,控制单元17可以基于智能电表2所测量得到的电力消耗量和电力测量单元14所测量得到的电力量(HEMS网络1A内的发电量和电力消耗量),来控制HEMS网络1A内的各装置的操作。
图3示出将文献1所述的技术应用于传统配电板201的无线通信***200作为参考例。代替本实施例的HEMS管理设备10,无线通信***200具有HEMS控制器210。HEMS控制器210具有文献1所述的无线通信设备(从壁式插座供给电力的无线通信设备),并且管理HEMS网络1A内的通信。HEMS控制器210具有经由HEMS网络1A的家电设备3等的控制功能。HEMS控制器210的AC适配器(未示出)连接至从配电板201分支的壁式插座,并且将电力供给至HEMS控制器210。该HEMS控制器210不具有电力测量单元14,并且在HEMS网络1A内与HEMS控制器210分开地设置具有电力测量功能的电力测量单元214。注意,与电力测量单元14相同,电力测量单元214连接至配电板201内的干线13。
在图3的参考例中,由于在住宅外部所安装的智能电表2和住宅内部所安装的HEMS控制器210之间隔着建筑物的墙进行无线通信,因此因根据建筑物的构造(钢筋等的配置以及墙的材质和厚度)等而引起的无线电波的衰减可能会导致通信质量的劣化。此外,在家电设备3连接至与连接有HEMS控制器210的AC适配器的插座相邻接的插座的情况下,家电设备3所生成的噪声可能经由壁式插座和AC适配器进入HEMS控制器210。在这种情况下,噪声可能对HEMS控制器210的通信质量产生不利影响。
与此对比,在图1所示的本实施例的无线通信***100中,包括无线通信设备15的HEMS管理设备10直接连接至配电板1内的***电源线(干线13)。因此,不需要与上述AC适配器相对应的结构。因而,可以简化无线通信***100的结构,并且可以实现成本下降。此外,与电力测量单元214相对应的结构安装在配电板1内部的HEMS管理设备10中。也就是说,HEMS管理设备10包括连接至干线13的电力测量单元14。因此,可以节省用于另外安装相同结构的时间和精力。
此外,在本实施例的无线通信***100中,由于住宅外部的智能电表2和住宅内部的HEMS管理设备10之间的通信是通过有线方式进行的,因此可以在不受建筑物的构造的影响的情况下,稳定地确保良好的通信质量并且改善通信可靠性。注意,智能电表2和HEMS管理设备10之间的通信是使用现有电力线30作为***电源线的电力线通信。因此,由于不需要另外安装通信线,因而可以降低安装无线通信***100所需的成本、时间和精力。特别是在诸如公寓等的集体住宅中,通常采用电力线通信作为智能电表网络2A内的通信方式。在这种情况下,可以使用电力线通信用的标准化设备作为安装在各智能电表2上的通信设备。因此,可以进一步简化智能电表2的结构,并且可以实现无线通信***100的进一步成本下降。
此外,本实施例的HEMS管理设备10由于设置在配电板1的内部,因此可以位于与家电设备3相对较远的位置(家电设备3通常没有安装在配电板1附近)。因而,家电设备3所生成的噪声在到达HEMS管理设备10之前衰减,结果可以抑制由于家电设备3生成的噪声所引起的无线通信设备15的通信质量劣化。
图4示出根据本发明的变形例的无线通信***的结构。图5示出该变形例中所包括的无线通信设备及其***设备的结构。图6示出该变形例所使用的HEMS控制器310的结构。无线通信***300与无线通信***100的不同之处在于:无线通信***300包括具有电力测量通信设备314的配电板301代替配电板1,并且还包括HEMS控制器310。电力测量通信设备314包括用于测量住宅内所消耗的电力的功能、用于与智能电表2进行通信的功能、以及用于与HEMS控制器310进行通信的功能。本实施例的电力测量通信设备314与无线通信***100的HEMS管理设备10的不同之处在于:不包括针对家电设备3等的控制功能。通过HEMS控制器310来对经由HEMS网络1A与家电设备3等的通信以及针对家电设备3等的控制进行管理。也就是说,图5的示例所示的电力测量通信设备314与如图4所示的HEMS控制器310进行无线通信。HEMS控制器310与住宅内的家电设备3、太阳能发电机4、燃料电池5、蓄电池6、电动车辆7和信息处理终端8进行通信。
也就是说,配电板301设置有电力测量通信设备314。电力测量通信设备314测量住宅内所消耗的电力,并且进行诸如向HEMS控制器310通知测量得到的电力等的通信。HEMS控制器310对太阳能发电机4和燃料电池5的发电、蓄电池6的充电和放电、以及诸如家电设备3等的装置的电力消耗等进行控制。可以利用信息处理终端8来显示太阳能发电机4和燃料电池5的发电状况、蓄电池6的充电状况、以及家电设备3等的电力消耗状况。信息处理终端8的功能等与上述图1的示例相同。
图5示出变形例的配电板301的结构。配电板301具有电力测量通信设备314、主干断路器11和多个分支断路器12。主干断路器11经由作为从主干断路器11延伸出的***电源线的干线13连接至分支断路器12。主干断路器11具有输入侧端子11a和输出侧端子11b。主干断路器11的输入侧端子11a经由电力线30连接至智能电表2。主干断路器11的输出侧端子11b经由干线13连接至分支断路器12和电力测量通信设备314。各分支断路器12从干线13分支,并且将电力供给至与该分支断路器12相对应地设置的各***的壁式插座。各分支断路器12在过电流经由相对应的***的壁式插座流至诸如家电设备3等的负载的情况下,遮断该***的电路。在流经各分支断路器12的电流的总和变得过大的情况下,主干断路器11进行工作以遮断所有***的电路。
电力测量通信设备314直接连接至从主干断路器11延伸出的干线13,并且通过从干线13接收电力的供给来进行工作。注意,电力测量通信设备314可以连接至与干线13相连接的多个分支断路器12中的被配置为向电力测量通信设备314供给电力的专用分支断路器12。在任意情况下,电力测量通信设备314直接有线连接至配电板301内的***电源线。电力测量通信设备314包括电力测量单元14和无线通信设备15。电力测量单元14连接至干线13,并且测量住宅内所消耗的电力。将与电力测量单元14测量得到的电力有关的信息经由PLC调制解调器16发送至智能电表2、或者经由发送单元18发送至HEMS控制器310或信息处理终端8。这里,由于PLC调制解调器16和智能电表2之间的有线通信的协议(第一协议)不同于HEMS网络1A内的HEMS控制器310和电力测量通信设备314之间的无线通信的协议(第二协议),因此控制单元317用作协议转换单元(通信数据转换单元)。
如图6所示,HEMS控制器310包括:第一通信单元315A,用于与电力测量通信设备314进行通信;第二通信单元315B,用于与家电设备3等进行通信;以及控制单元327,用于控制HEMS控制器310的各单元。第一通信单元315A包括第一发送单元318A、第一接收单元319A和第一天线320A。第二通信单元315B包括第二发送单元318B、第二接收单元319B和第二天线320B。控制单元327将经由第二接收单元319B所获得的HEMS网络1A内的家电设备3等的信息经由第一发送单元318A发送至电力测量通信设备314、或者经由第二发送单元318B发送至信息处理终端8。此外,控制单元327将从电力公司所发送的且经由电力测量通信设备314和第一接收单元319A所获得的信息经由第二发送单元318B发送至信息处理终端8,并且使第二发送单元318B基于该信息来发送用以控制HEMS网络1A内的家电设备3等的信号。
控制单元327可以基于智能电表2所测量得到的电力消耗量以及电力测量通信设备314所测量得到的电力量(HEMS网络1A中的发电量和电力消耗量),来控制HEMS网络1A内的各装置的操作。
这里,在HEMS控制器310和电力测量通信设备314之间的无线通信的协议(第二协议)不同于HEMS控制器310和其它各装置之间的无线通信的协议(第三协议)的情况下,控制单元327用作协议转换单元(通信数据转换单元)。注意,在HEMS控制器310和电力测量通信设备314之间的无线通信的协议与HEMS控制器310和其它各装置之间的无线通信的协议相同的情况下,可以省略第二通信单元315B。
在作为参考例的图3所示的无线通信***200中,由于智能电表网络2A和HEMS网络1A将独立开发,因而可能会发生兼容性问题。相反,在作为根据本发明的无线通信***的变形例的图4和5所示的无线通信***300中,将会产生以下效果。也就是说,电力测量通信设备314可以吸收各网络的通信方式之间的差异(利用作为数据转换单元的控制单元317来吸收该差异),因此可以自由地开发各网络。例如,在HEMS网络1A的通信方式改变的情况下,通过使电力测量通信设备314适当地进行应对,由于不太可能影响智能电表2的规格,因此可以不妨碍HEMS网络1A的开发。这同样可以应用于智能电表网络2A的通信方式改变的情况。
如上所述,由于本实施例的无线通信设备15被配置为直接连接至作为配电板1内的***电源线的干线13、并且通过从干线13接收电力的供给来进行工作,因此在除停电以外的正常时刻不会丧失电力的供给。
本实施例的无线通信设备15具有如下结构,其中在该结构中,由PLC调制解调器16、控制单元17、发送单元18、接收单元19和电源单元21等构成的无线通信设备15的主体部分被配电板1的壳体1B覆盖并保护。因此,即使在长期使用时也可以防止灰尘等进入无线通信设备15,并且可以防止由于连接部位的漏电所导致的火灾的发生。
注意,除了至少以下情况以外,本发明并不局限于上述实施例的结构:无线通信设备15直接连接至作为配电板1内的***电源线的干线13并且通过从干线13接收电力的供给来进行工作。
此外,本发明可以以各种方式进行变形。例如,可以采用以下方面:由PLC调制解调器16、控制单元17、发送单元18、接收单元19和电源单元21等构成的无线通信设备15的主体部分配置在配电板1的壳体1B的内部,并且天线20被配置为暴露在配电板1的壳体1B的外部。在该方面,在天线20配置在壳体1B外部的情况下,可以改善与HEMS网络1A内的各装置的无线通信性能。特别是在壳体1B由金属材料制成的情况下,可以抑制由于静电遮蔽所引起的无线通信性能的劣化。
无线通信设备15可以配置在配电板1的壳体1B的外部。在该方面,无线通信设备15优选连接在配电板1的壳体1B上。在这种情况下,本发明也可以应用于容纳空间有限的配电板。此外,在无需新设置专用配电板1的情况下,可以使用现有配电板201来构造本发明的无线通信***100。在壳体1B由金属材料制成的情况下,可以获得与上述效果相同的效果。
可以采用如下结构:在智能电表2和第一通信单元15A之间使用无线通信。在这种情况下,不需要电力线通信用的PLC调制解调器16,并且与天线一起设置用于与智能电表2进行无线通信的发送/接收单元。注意,在智能电表网络2A的通信方式的物理层与HEMS网络1A的通信方式的物理层相同的情况下,可以采用第一通信单元15A兼用第二通信单元15B的发送单元18、接收单元19和天线20的结构。
无线通信设备15和无线通信***100可以广泛地应用于除HEMS网络1A以外的各种无线通信网络。结果,电力测量单元14所测量得到的电力并不局限于住宅内所消耗的电力,并且还可以是预定封闭区域内所消耗的电力。

Claims (10)

1.一种无线通信设备,其有线地连接至配电板内部的***电源线,并且被配置为通过从所述***电源线接收电力的供给来进行工作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信设备,其中,所述无线通信设备配置在所述配电板的壳体的内部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信设备,其中,所述无线通信设备的主体部分容纳在所述配电板的壳体的内部,并且天线单元被配置为暴露在所述壳体的外部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信设备,其中,所述无线通信设备被配置为连接至所述配电板的壳体的外部。
5.一种无线通信***,包括:
根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的无线通信设备;以及
电力计,其具有通信功能,并且被配置为连接至所述***电源线。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无线通信***,其中,所述无线通信设备包括:
第一通信单元,其被配置为与所述电力计进行通信;
第二通信单元,其被配置为经由无线电波与无线装置进行通信;以及
通信数据转换单元,其被配置为对通信数据进行转换以使得能够在所述第一通信单元和所述第二通信单元之间进行相互通信。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的无线通信***,其中,所述电力计和所述第一通信单元之间的通信是电力线通信。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的无线通信***,其中,所述无线通信设备内置于被配置为测量预定区域内所消耗的电力并且与所述电力计和无线装置进行通信的电力测量通信设备内。
9.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信设备,其中,所述无线通信设备包括:
第一通信单元,其被配置为根据第一协议与外部进行通信;
第二通信单元,其被配置为根据第二协议,经由无线电波与外部装置进行通信;以及
数据转换单元,其被配置为对通信数据进行转换以使得能够在所述第一通信单元和所述第二通信单元之间进行相互通信。
10.一种电力消耗管理设备,包括:
根据权利要求9所述的无线通信设备;
电力测量单元,其被配置为测量所述外部装置所消耗的电力;以及
控制单元,其被配置为基于所述电力测量单元的测量结果,经由所述第二通信单元来控制所述外部装置的操作。
CN201280056215.4A 2011-11-16 2012-11-14 无线通信设备、具有无线通信设备的无线通信***、及电力消耗管理设备 Pending CN103947122A (zh)

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