CN103923372A - 一种pe管材及其制备方法和设备 - Google Patents

一种pe管材及其制备方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN103923372A
CN103923372A CN201410152486.0A CN201410152486A CN103923372A CN 103923372 A CN103923372 A CN 103923372A CN 201410152486 A CN201410152486 A CN 201410152486A CN 103923372 A CN103923372 A CN 103923372A
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screw
parts
tubing
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CN103923372B (zh
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陈源喜
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FUJIAN BOTTA PLASTICS ADVANCED MATERIAL Co Ltd
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FUJIAN BOTTA PLASTICS ADVANCED MATERIAL Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/67—Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66
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    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
    • C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
    • C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2948/92923—Calibration, after-treatment or cooling zone
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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    • C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种PE管材，所述PE管材包括90~110份的PE100；0.5~3份的功能母料；1~4份的浓缩色母料。本发明所述的PE管材的制备方法为：先称取各组分，并将各组分依次投入混料机中，在70℃-90℃下混合均匀，混合料用螺杆挤出机挤出成型。本发明通过对管材配方、制备方法、加工设备的改进，采用PE100原料生产的管材内外壁均很平整光滑，在保持原有机械强度的前提下，不仅解决管道使用过程中内壁易积水垢的问题，而且明显提高生产效率和产品合格率，大大降低产品的制造成本。

Description

一种PE管材及其制备方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种管材，尤其涉及一种PE管材及其制备方法和设备。
背景技术
PE（聚乙烯）由于其优越的性能，被广泛应用于给水管制造领域。PE给水管材具有优良的耐腐蚀性、卫生性能、柔韧性、耐低温性和较长的使用寿命，生产能耗低，水流阻力小，安装简便迅速，已成为传统给水钢管和PVC（聚氯乙烯）给水管的理想替代品。为满足给水管材静液压强度和其它机械强度的要求，在使用PE（聚乙烯）材料生产给水管材产品时，多采用牌号为PE100的原料。因为PE100这种材料的最小要求强度为10MPa，能满足各种机械强度的要求。
但是，由于PE100原料加工流动性较差，用此原料生产给水管材产品，挤出生产时出料速度慢，生产效率低，管材内壁容易出现轴向划痕和不规则凹痕，管材外壁光泽度差,管材长时间使用后内壁会结水垢。在实际生产过程中，使用PE100原料往往造成产品合格率低下，增加了企业的制造成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种由PE100原料生产的PE管材，该管材内外壁均很平整光滑，内壁不易积水垢，且生产效率高。本发明还提供了该PE管材的制备方法及设备。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：一种PE管材，所述PE管材包括以下重量份数的组分：
PE100       90～110份；
功能母料     0.5～3份；
浓缩色母料      1～4份；
所述功能母料包括以下重量份数的组分：
所述功能母料中，以线性低密度聚乙烯为载体，以四氟乙烯—全氟烷氧基乙烯基醚共聚物为加工助剂，以芥酸酰胺为分散剂，并配合钛酸酯偶联剂。在挤出加工过程中，具有低表面能的四氟乙烯—全氟烷氧基乙烯基醚共聚物（PFA加工助剂）粒子迁移至熔体表面与挤出机的机筒、螺杆、模头的金属表面接触，逐渐在聚合物熔体与挤出机内部的金属表面之间形成能使PE100熔体顺畅流过的“涂层”。这种“迁移”和“涂层”使得PE100熔体与金属表面之间的粘着力下降，同时切应力也有了明显下降。这样，挤出的管材内外表面平整度和光滑度都非常好，而且由于料流阻力小，出料速度快，能使单位时间的产量大幅提高，大大提高了管材的生产效率。
进一步，所述浓缩色母料包括以下重量份数的组成：
低密度聚乙烯    85～90份；
炭黑            0.5～2份；
月桂酸钡        10～15份。
其中，浓缩色母料以低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）为载体，以炭黑为着色剂，以月桂酸钡为分散剂。
本发明所述的PE管材的制备方法为：
先称取各组分，并将各组分依次投入混料机中，在70℃-90℃下混合均匀得到混合料，混合料用螺杆挤出机挤出成型，挤出过程中，螺杆温度为40℃～60℃，料筒温度为170℃～185℃，模具温度为190℃～200℃；管材挤出后采用真空冷却定径法对管材进行冷却定型，冷却时真空度为-0.02MPa～-0.04MPa，冷却温度为15℃～20℃。
本发明所述的PE管材的制备方法中所使用的设备，所述设备为螺杆挤出机，螺杆挤出机的螺杆结构沿原料的给进方向依次设有固相段、固液交替段、屏障段和销钉段，螺杆的固相段沿螺杆轴向设有一条螺旋状的螺纹，螺杆的固液交替段沿螺杆轴向设有两条螺旋状的螺纹，两条螺纹之间形成固相和液相交替的两种螺槽，所述屏障段沿螺杆轴向间隔设置两条以上螺旋状的凹槽，凹槽一端为开口，另一端为封口，相邻凹槽的开口方向相反；所述销钉段设有两处以上与螺杆轴向垂直且环形的销钉。
本发明的螺杆挤出机采用以上的螺杆结构，混合料从螺杆的固相段进入，然后经加热，部分组分熔融，混合料接着进入固液交替段的两个螺槽，两个螺槽分别用于承装固相和液相。混合料从固液交替段出来后，大部分混合料已经熔融，部分未熔的固相混合料经过屏障段的凹槽，被挡在凹槽内，直至被加热成液相后从凹槽的开口流出；最后，混合料进入销钉段，销钉段设置的环状销钉将少量残留的固相混合料打碎，增大固体碎片与熔体之间的传热面积，使混合料完全熔融塑化。
本发明采用以上分离-屏障-销钉这种复合型的高效螺杆结构，在较低的加工温度下就能使混合料塑化均匀，大大较少生产能耗。其结构使混合料挤出生产过程中，各级熔体压力较平衡，压力波动小，从而使挤出管材产品内外壁平整度好。而且，这种螺杆结构，使得混合料在料筒内的输送速度大幅提高，挤出生产效率也就明显提高。
本发明通过对管材配方、制备方法、加工设备的改进，采用PE100原料生产的管材内外壁均很平整光滑，在保持原有机械强度的前提下，不仅解决管道使用过程中内壁易积水垢的问题，而且明显提高生产效率和产品合格率，大大降低产品的制造成本。
附图说明    下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
图1为本发明螺杆的结构示意图。
具体实施方式   下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
本发明一种PE管材，所述PE管材包括以下重量份数的组分：
PE100       90～110份；
功能母料     0.5～3份；
浓缩色母料      1～4份；
所述功能母料包括以下重量份数的组分：
本发明所述的PE管材的制备方法为：
先称取各组分，并将各组分依次投入混料机中，在70-90℃下混合均匀形成混合料，混合料用螺杆挤出机挤出成型，挤出过程中，螺杆温度为40℃～60℃，料筒温度为170℃～185℃，模具温度为190℃-200℃；管材挤出后采用真空冷却定径法对管材进行冷却定型，冷却时真空度为-0.02MPa～-0.04MPa，冷却温度为15℃～20℃。
实施例1
PE管材的制备方法为：
1）先按配方称取各组分：
PE100       90份；
功能母料     0.5份；
浓缩色母料      4份；
所述功能母料包括以下重量份数的组分：
所述浓缩色母料包括以下重量份数的组成：
低密度聚乙烯    85份；
炭黑            2份；
月桂酸钡        10份。
2）将各组分依次投入混料机中，在70℃下混合均匀形成混合料，混合料用螺杆挤出机挤出成型，挤出过程中，螺杆温度为60℃，料筒温度为170℃，模具温度为200℃；管材挤出后采用真空冷却定径法对管材进行冷却定型，冷却时真空度为-0.02MPa，冷却温度为15℃～20℃。
实施例2
PE管材的制备方法为：
1）先按配方称取各组分：
PE100       110份；
功能母料     3份；
浓缩色母料      1份；
所述功能母料包括以下重量份数的组分：
所述浓缩色母料包括以下重量份数的组成：
低密度聚乙烯    90份；
炭黑            0.5份；
月桂酸钡        15份。
2）将各组分依次投入混料机中，在90℃下混合均匀形成混合料，混合料用螺杆挤出机挤出成型，挤出过程中，螺杆温度为40℃，料筒温度为185℃，模具温度为190℃；管材挤出后采用真空冷却定径法对管材进行冷却定型，冷却时真空度为-0.04MPa，冷却温度为15℃～20℃。
实施例3
PE管材的制备方法为：
1）先按配方称取各组分：
PE100       100份；
功能母料     2份；
浓缩色母料      2份；
所述功能母料包括以下重量份数的组分：
所述浓缩色母料包括以下重量份数的组成：
低密度聚乙烯    87份；
炭黑            1.0份；
月桂酸钡        12份。
2）将各组分依次投入混料机中，在80℃下混合均匀形成混合料，混合料用螺杆挤出机挤出成型，挤出过程中，螺杆温度为50℃，料筒温度为180℃，模具温度为195℃；管材挤出后采用真空冷却定径法对管材进行冷却定型，冷却时真空度为-0.03MPa，冷却温度为15℃～20℃。
本发明PE管材的制备方法中所使用的设备，所述设备为螺杆挤出机，螺杆挤出机的螺杆结构沿原料的给进方向依次设有固相段1、固液交替段2、屏障段3和销钉段4，螺杆的固相段1沿螺杆轴向设有一条螺旋状的螺纹11，螺杆的固液交替段2沿螺杆轴向设有两条螺旋状的螺纹21、22，两条螺纹之间形成固相和液相交替的两种螺槽23、24，所述屏障段3沿螺杆轴向间隔设置两条以上螺旋状的凹槽31，凹槽31一端为开口32，另一端为封口，相邻凹槽31的开口32方向相反；所述销钉段4设有两处以上与螺杆轴向垂直且环形的销钉41。
本发明的螺杆挤出机采用以上的螺杆结构，混合料从螺杆的固相段1进入，然后经加热，部分组分熔融，混合料接着进入固液交替段2的两个螺槽23、24，两个螺槽23、24分别用于承装固相和液相。混合料从固液交替段2出来后，大部分混合料已经熔融，部分未熔的固相混合料经过屏障段3的凹槽31，被挡在凹槽31内，直至被加热成液相后从凹槽31的开口32流出；最后，混合料进入销钉段4，销钉段4设置的环状销钉41将少量残留的固相混合料打碎，增大固体碎片与熔体之间的传热面积，使混合料完全熔融塑化。
应用本发明的组分、制备方法及设备能明显提高生产效率：与现有技术相比，本技术生产效率能提高15%-30%。具体如表1所示。
表1本发明实施例3生产的管材与现有生产技术的生产效率对比（单位：吨/8小时）
本发明能明显提高管道产品内外壁平整度和光滑度，在保持原有机械强度的前提下，有效解决管道使用过程中内壁易积水垢的问题。

Claims (4)

1.一种PE管材，其特征在于：所述PE管材包括以下重量份数的组分：
PE100       90~110份；
功能母料     0.5~3份；
浓缩色母料      1~4份；
所述功能母料包括以下重量份数的组分：
线性低密度聚乙烯   80~90份；
四氟乙烯—全氟烷氧基乙烯基醚共聚物       4~5份； 
芥酸酰胺           5~10份；
钛酸酯偶联剂       0.5~1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PE管材，其特征在于：所述浓缩色母料包括以下重量份数的组成：
低密度聚乙烯    85~90份；
炭黑            0.5~2份；
月桂酸钡        10~15份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的PE管材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法为：
先称取各组分，并将各组分依次投入混料机中，在70℃-90℃下混合均匀得到混合料，混合料用螺杆挤出机挤出成型，挤出过程中，螺杆温度为40℃~60℃，料筒温度为170℃~185℃，模具温度为190℃~200℃；管材挤出后采用真空冷却定径法对管材进行冷却定型，冷却时真空度为-0.02MPa~-0.04MPa，冷却温度为15℃~20℃。
4.如权利要求3所述的PE管材的制备方法中所使用的设备，其特征在于：所述设备为螺杆挤出机，螺杆挤出机的螺杆结构沿原料的给进方向依次设有固相段、固液交替段、屏障段和销钉段，螺杆的固相段沿螺杆轴向设有一条螺旋状的螺纹，螺杆的固液交替段沿螺杆轴向设有两条螺旋状的螺纹，两条螺纹之间形成固相和液相交替的两种螺槽，所述屏障段沿螺杆轴向间隔设置两条以上螺旋状的凹槽，凹槽一端为开口，另一端为封口，相邻凹槽的开口方向相反；所述销钉段设有两处以上与螺杆轴向垂直且环形的销钉。
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