CN103910543A - Microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The microbial fertilizer is prepared from 60 to 80% of crops straw, 10 to 15% of chicken manure, 10 to 15% of dry soil, 1 to 5% of zizania aquatic leaf fertilizer, 1 to 5% of rape seed cake, 0.1 to 1% of corn flour, 0.1 to 1% of brown sugar, and 0.1 to 1% of a beneficial microorganism. The microbial fertilizer is excellent in fertilizer efficiency, and long in action time, is green and friendly to the environment, is capable of improving soil quality, is low in cost, is simple in preparing technology, and is high in application and popularization value; and the raw materials are easily available.

Description

A kind of microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, especially a kind of microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Along with the development of current agricultural, people more and more pay close attention to the safety problem in farming process and agricultural prods, agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer have occupied dominant position in agriculture production at present, using of a large amount of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer, soil beneficial microorganism and useful animals, beneficial insect have been caused to serious killing action, and cause that soil compaction phenomenon is day by day serious, soil environment quality reduces, degradation serious consequence under self-purification capacity, and the grain of producing and fruits and vegetables also troubling.

The use of organic fertilizer gets a new look this situation, and crop material changes into organic fertilizer by the mode of fermentation, compost, then applies the growth of supplying with farm crop in field.Not only make stalk obtain adequately and reasonably utilizing, and substituted gradually the use of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer, promoted the repair of soil, also produced relieved, free of contamination food.

A large amount of grain and vegetables all will be planted every year by China, and wherein corn is Chinese first food crop, is important grain and feed resource.Green soy bean is people in summer foods loved by all, has large-area plantation in the most areas of China.Tomato and mater convolvulus are the indispensable a kind of dish of cooking at ordinary times, and the mouthfeel that it is beautiful and abundant trophic component and good Collocation ability become everybody favorite.Summer squash and cucurbit have also won everybody liking with unique taste.But arrived the season of results, the stalk that crops and vegetables carry over after being gathered in the crops, having plucked becomes and is difficult to process, and has not only polluted environment, and wasted resource to burn and to be discarded as main processing mode.Some fruits and vegetables that arbitrarily abandon also can cause mosquitos and flies to grow, and become the cradle of pathophoresis.How reasonably to address this problem, become very important problem of modern agriculture.

Utilize these discarded crops and vegetables straws, be aided with other nutritive substances and beneficial microorganism, produce, make microbial fertilizer, become a kind of emerging just flourish industry.Chicken manure of the present invention is a kind of moiety more common in fermenting process.In the dry-matter of every kilogram of chicken manure, have the total energy of 13.4～18.8 kilojoules, its nitrogen content reaches 30～70 grams.Also contain abundant vitamin B group and various trace elements.In Semen Maydis powder, contain a large amount of Yelkin TTS, linolic acid, grain alcohol, vitamin-E, Mierocrystalline cellulose etc.Also contain as the brown sugar of auxiliary material the carbohydrate that heat energy can be provided in addition, also contain the various elements such as riboflavin, carotene, nicotinic acid and trace element manganese, zinc, chromium.These nutriment not only can make organism of fermentation obtain growth and the increment condition of matters, and as fertilizer sources also provides abundant nutritive substance to crop.

Summary of the invention

The defect existing for prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof, and discarded resource is pulverized, and adds the nutrient raw material such as chicken manure, Semen Maydis powder, rapeseed cake, produces a kind of organic fertilizer of health environment-friendly.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of microbial fertilizer, the effective constituent that this fertilizer contains following weight part: agricultural crop straw 60% ~ 80%, chicken manure 10% ~ 15%, dry ground 10% ~ 15%, wild rice stem blade fertilizer 1% ~ 5%, rapeseed cake 1% ~ 5%, Semen Maydis powder 0.1% ~ 1%, brown sugar 0.1% ~ 1%, beneficial microorganism 0.1% ~ 1%.

A kind of microorganism fertilizer preparation method for material, has following steps:

1) carry out the pulverizing of stalk: agricultural crop straw pulverizer is pulverized, and length is 1 ~ 3 centimetre, dry ground is pulverized with pulverizer, keeping granular size is 10 orders;

2) preparation of bacterial activity liquid: choose effective microorganism (Effective Microorganisms, be EM bacterium) carry out adaptability cultivation as beneficial microorganism, EM bacterium and brown sugar mass ratio 1:1 are mixed, being placed on and being diluted to EM bacterium massfraction in the water of prior hold over night is 10%, and seal cultivation 24 hours, when use, can continue to be diluted to 5%;

3) preparation of active matrix: the mass ratio batching of mixed powder 70% after smashing according to agricultural crop straw, Semen Maydis powder 5%, rapeseed cake 5%, wild rice stem blade fertilizer 5%, EM bacterium active liquid 15%, 30 DEG C of fermentations 7 to 15 days, for subsequent use;

4) on the active matrix preparing, evenly spray the bacterial activity liquid that EM bacterium massfraction is 5%, carry out the expansion of bacterial classification and accompany and consolidate;

5) in fermentation vat, ferment, ratio according to 25 kilograms of active matrixes of every 500 kilograms of stalks is added, in fermentation vat, insert 20 ~ 30 centimetres of agricultural crop straws after high pulverizing, then evenly applying mass ratio is in the above that the chicken manure of 1:1 and 5 centimetres, the mixture of dry ground are high, then add the active matrix of 5 ~ 7 kilograms and the water of 5 ~ 15 kilograms, then add rapeseed cake and wild rice stem blade fertilizer according to the amount of 5 ~ 15 kilograms of every 500 kilograms of stalks; Successively, according to this kind of proportioning combination, play heap;

6) fermentation starts the way that adopts plastics film to cover sealing in first week, make temperature increase rapidly, thermometer is inserted in to heap body top, records temperature every day, when bulk measurement temperature is increased to 60 DEG C, carry out turning wait piling, then proceed fermentation, and remove plastics film, accelerate the breeding of aerobic microbiological, and note moisturizing, keep heap body moistening degree be water ratio 55%, carried out turning once every 7 to 10 days afterwards; After temperature declines, carry out last turning, and keep again a week;

7), after turning 3 to 5 times, heap surface covers with white bacterium, no longer produces stink, heap body internal color blackout, and the particle of agricultural crop straw obviously diminishes, black, loses original shape and color and luster, and it is soft that fermented material also becomes, and fermentation is completely;

8) granulate: by the fertilizer fermenting, send in dryer and dry with lift, after it is cooling, be transported to and in tablets press, carry out granulation;

9) packaging: send into warehouse after measuring, pack with autometering packaging machine.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following outstanding substantive distinguishing features and significant advantage:

The present invention takes full advantage of stalk resource, has prevented environmental pollution, the waste of resource and the harm to human health.Effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, reduced the killing action to soil microorganisms and soil animal, produced high-quality, organically grain and vegetables.Beneficial microorganism repeatedly expands the microorganism of accompanying with afterwards and sprays, and is conducive to beneficial microorganism smooth growth and propagation, increases beneficial microorganism survival rate, thereby stalk resource is fully fermented, and has prevented the uneven problem of fermenting.In the process of fermentation, have the temperature of 5 ~ 6 days to exceed 60 DEG C, most germ is eliminated, the seed of weeds is also killed in this course, has prevented animal and plant transmission of disease.The present invention adopts and in layer overlappingly plays a heaping method nutritious material and the fermented bacteriums of initial stage various piece that can make to ferment, thereby makes fermentation more complete.

Embodiment

Below specific embodiments of the invention are described further.

A kind of microbial fertilizer, the effective constituent that contains following weight part: the stalk 60% ~ 80% of corn, green soy bean, mater convolvulus, tomato, summer squash, cucurbit etc., chicken manure 10% ~ 15%, dry ground 10% ~ 15%, wild rice stem blade fertilizer 1% ~ 5%, rapeseed cake 1% ~ 5%, Semen Maydis powder 0.1% ~ 1%, brown sugar 0.1% ~ 1%, beneficial microorganism 0.1% ~ 1%.

A kind of microorganism fertilizer preparation method for material, has following steps:

1) carry out the pulverizing of stalk: the stalk of results pulverizer is pulverized, and crushing effect is 1 ~ 3 centimetre of length, dry ground is pulverized with pulverizer, keep granular size at 10 orders.

2) preparation of bacterial activity liquid: choose EM bacterium and carry out adaptability cultivation as beneficial microorganism, EM bacterium and brown sugar mass ratio 1:1 are mixed, being placed on and being diluted to EM bacterium massfraction in the water of prior hold over night is 10%, and sealing cultivates 24 hours, when use, can continue to be diluted to 5%.

3) preparation of active matrix: the mass ratio batching of mixed powder 70% after smashing according to agricultural crop straw, Semen Maydis powder 5%, rapeseed cake 5%, wild rice stem blade fertilizer 5%, EM bacterium active liquid 15%, 30 DEG C of fermentations 7 to 15 days, for subsequent use;

4) on the active matrix preparing, evenly spray the bacterial activity liquid that EM bacterium massfraction is 5%, carry out the expansion of bacterial classification and accompany and consolidate.

5) wide be 1.2 meters, length is 1.5 meters, height is to ferment in the rectangular parallelepiped fermentation vat of 1.2 meters.(ratio according to 25 kilograms of active matrixes of every 500 kilograms of stalks is added) inserts 20 ~ 30 centimetres of crops and vegetables straws after high pulverizing in fermentation vat, then spread in the above and evenly apply chicken manure and dry ground (interpolation of dry ground can make the fertilizer moulding in later stage be more prone to, also the water ratio of adjustable stalk) 5 centimetres high, mixture (ratio of chicken manure and dry ground is 1:1), then add the active matrix of 5 ~ 7 kilograms and the water of 5 ~ 15 kilograms (adding proportion of water is depending on the dry wet situation of stalk), then add amount interpolation rapeseed cake and the wild rice stem blade fertilizer of 5 ~ 15 kilograms according to every 500 kilograms of stalks.Then successively according to this kind of proportioning combination, play heap.

6) fermentation starts the way that adopts plastics film to cover sealing in first week, make temperature increase rapidly, thermometer is inserted in to heap body top, record temperature every day, when being increased to 60 DEG C, bulk measurement temperature carries out turning wait piling, temperature exceedes 60 DEG C, can make the seed of pathogenic micro-organism and weeds all be killed.Then proceed fermentation, and remove plastics film, accelerate the breeding of aerobic microbiological, and note moisturizing, keep the moistening degree of heap body to remain on one and pinch agglomeratingly, one touches loose degree (water ratio is in 55% left and right).Carried out turning once every 7 to 10 days afterwards.After temperature declines, carry out last turning, and keep again a week.

7), after turning 3 to 5 times (about 20 to 40 days of time), heap surface covers with white bacterium, no longer produces stink, heap body internal color blackout, the particle of stalk obviously diminishes, black, can not differentiate and lose original shape and color and luster, it is soft that fermented material also becomes, and illustrates that fermentation completely.

8) granulate: by the fertilizer fermenting, send in dryer and dry with lift, after it is cooling, be transported to and in tablets press, carry out granulation.

9) packaging: send into warehouse after measuring, pack with autometering packaging machine.

Experimental example 1

Choosing cultivated area and be the pilot region of 5 mu plants, 5 mu of experimental plots are divided into small test fields more of the same area, experimental plot is divided into: do not use any fertilizer, only use chemical fertilizer (120 kilograms every mu), only use (each 60 kilograms of mentioned microorganism fertilizer (120 kilograms every mu), application of organic fertilizers material and chemical fertilizer, amount to 120 kilograms), and do three groups of parallel contrasts.

Select kind plant be: summer corn.

In process of growth, do not use the obvious leaf jaundice of corn of any fertilizer, plant is short and small, and other three groups grow fine.

After three months, corn maturation, statistics output, found that:

Do not use the experimental plot of any fertilizer: 823 jin of per mu yields.

Only use the experimental plot of chemical fertilizer: 1024 jin of per mu yields.

Only use the experimental plot of above-mentioned fertilizer: 1105 jin of per mu yields.

Use the experimental plot of chemical fertilizer and fertilizer: 1095 jin of per mu yields.

Evidence, only uses chemical fertilizer volume increase 24.4%, only uses microbial fertilizer volume increase 34.3%, use chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer volume increase 33.0%, illustrate that the present invention has very high fertilizer efficiency, and production process is simple, environmental protection, is suitable as a kind of novel microbial fertilizer and is promoted.

Experimental example 2

Choose Jiahe 218 as plantation object, choose 5 mu as experimental plot, plant in the June in summer.

5 mu of experimental plots are divided into small test fields more of the same area, experimental plot is divided into: do not use any fertilizer, only use chemical fertilizer (120 kilograms every mu), only use (each 60 kilograms of mentioned microorganism fertilizer (120 kilograms every mu), application of organic fertilizers material and chemical fertilizer, amount to 120 kilograms), and do three groups of parallel comparisons.

In the process of growth of paddy rice, can very significantly observe, the rice plant of not using any fertilizer is short and small, yellow leaf simultaneously, looking of applying fertilizer is tall and big, and blade is blackish green.

Start to carry out harvesting work October, add up output simultaneously, be finally converted into every per mu yield.

Do not use the experimental plot of any fertilizer: 623 jin of per mu yields.

Only use the experimental plot of chemical fertilizer: 921 jin of per mu yields.

Only use the experimental plot of above-mentioned fertilizer: 980 jin of per mu yields.

Use the experimental plot of chemical fertilizer and fertilizer: 931 jin of per mu yields.

Evidence, only uses chemical fertilizer volume increase 47.8%, only uses microbial fertilizer volume increase 57.3%, uses chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer volume increase 49.4%, illustrates that the present invention has very high fertilizer efficiency, is suitable as a kind of novel microbial fertilizer and is promoted.

Claims (2)

1. a microbial fertilizer, is characterized in that, the effective constituent that this fertilizer contains following weight part: agricultural crop straw 60% ~ 80%, chicken manure 10% ~ 15%, dry ground 10% ~ 15%, wild rice stem blade fertilizer 1% ~ 5%, rapeseed cake 1% ~ 5%, Semen Maydis powder 0.1% ~ 1%, brown sugar 0.1% ~ 1%, beneficial microorganism 0.1% ~ 1%.

2. a microorganism fertilizer preparation method for material, is characterized in that, has following steps:

1) carry out the pulverizing of stalk: agricultural crop straw pulverizer is pulverized, and length is 1 ~ 3 centimetre, dry ground is pulverized with pulverizer, keeping granular size is 10 orders;

2) preparation of bacterial activity liquid: choose effective microorganism, it is EM bacterium, carry out adaptability cultivation as beneficial microorganism, EM bacterium and brown sugar mass ratio 1:1 are mixed, being placed on and being diluted to EM bacterium massfraction in the water of prior hold over night is 10%, and seal cultivation 24 hours, when use, continue to be diluted to 5%;

3) preparation of active matrix: the mass ratio batching of mixed powder 70% after smashing according to agricultural crop straw, Semen Maydis powder 5%, rapeseed cake 5%, wild rice stem blade fertilizer 5%, EM bacterium active liquid 15%, 30 DEG C of fermentations 7 to 15 days, for subsequent use;

4) on the active matrix preparing, evenly spray the bacterial activity liquid that EM bacterium massfraction is 5%, carry out the expansion of bacterial classification and accompany and consolidate;

5) in fermentation vat, ferment, ratio according to 25 kilograms of active matrixes of every 500 kilograms of stalks is added, in fermentation vat, insert 20 ~ 30 centimetres of agricultural crop straws after high pulverizing, then evenly applying mass ratio is in the above that the chicken manure of 1:1 and 5 centimetres, the mixture of dry ground are high, then add the active matrix of 5 ~ 7 kilograms and the water of 5 ~ 15 kilograms, then add rapeseed cake and wild rice stem blade fertilizer according to the amount of 5 ~ 15 kilograms of every 500 kilograms of stalks; Successively, according to this kind of proportioning combination, play heap;

6) fermentation starts the way that adopts plastics film to cover sealing in first week, make temperature increase rapidly, thermometer is inserted in to heap body top, records temperature every day, when bulk measurement temperature is increased to 60 DEG C, carry out turning wait piling, then proceed fermentation, and remove plastics film, accelerate the breeding of aerobic microbiological, and note moisturizing, keep heap body moistening degree be water ratio 55%, carried out turning once every 7 to 10 days afterwards; After temperature declines, carry out last turning, and keep again a week;

7), after turning 3 to 5 times, heap surface covers with white bacterium, no longer produces stink, heap body internal color blackout, and the particle of agricultural crop straw obviously diminishes, black, loses original shape and color and luster, and it is soft that fermented material also becomes, and fermentation is completely;

8) granulate: by the fertilizer fermenting, send in dryer and dry with lift, after it is cooling, be transported to and in tablets press, carry out granulation;

9) packaging: send into warehouse after measuring, pack with autometering packaging machine.