CN103891588A - Flue-cured tobacco float seedling breeding method using novel substrate - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco float seedling breeding method using novel substrate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flue-cured tobacco float seedling breeding method using novel substrate. The method includes: the substrate is placed in the cavity of a seedling tray, the whole seedling tray is placed on nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution supplies growth nutrition to a tobacco seedling planted in the cavity of the seedling tray through the bottom hole of the seedling tray; clean water is added to a nursery pond to reach 6-8cm of the depth of the pond after sowing, special seedling breeding fertilizer is added to the water in the pond to mix into nutrient solution A when the emergence rate reaches about 50%, namely the nutrient solution A is used when from emergence to a grand cross period; the seedling tray is allowed to float on the surface of the nutrient solution A; 0.1% humus acid is sprayed for one to two times from the grand cross period to a rooting period of the tobacco seedling; nutrient solution B is used from the rooting period to a seeding formation period; the nutrient solution is kept to reach 8-10cm of the depth of the pond until seedling formation is completed. The seedling breeding method is low in cost, simple to operate, easy and safe in material obtaining, good in tobacco seedling quality, suitable for large-area popularization and application and promising in popularization and application prospect; the seedling breeding cost of each seedling tray is lowered by about 2.6 yuan as compared with that of conventional flue-cured tobacco float seedling breeding, and the decreasing amplitude reaches 46%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco technical field.
Background technology
The matrix that floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco uses mostly at present is mixed-matrix, composition is mainly made up of organic matter and inorganic matter two parts, generally that to be rich in organic material (peat composed of rotten mosses) be main, the light inorganic material (as vermiculite, fine perlite) that is equipped with again proper proportion is made, its component is generally more than 3 kinds, and formula complexity has increased use insecurity.Because its composition is complicated, easily in use there are various chemical changes in mixed-matrix, the balance of destructible nutrient solution, affects tobacco seedling growth, even occurs dead seedling.Therefore, general floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco all must produce to guarantee product quality by professional production producer, and this has caused the increase of production cost.Moreover; although the main component peat composed of rotten mosses wherein has good physicochemical property; but cost costliness; and be non-renewable natural resources, being subject to the restriction of environmental protection and wet land protection, digging is progressively restricted; make the source of goods of peat composed of rotten mosses matrix in short supply; the price of every cubic metre is generally 600 ~ 700 yuans, and price is high and have the trend going up year by year, has greatly increased the cost of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco.Substitute the peat composed of rotten mosses in order to find novel resource, the research institution of various countries is all in the research of being devoted to new medium for floating seedling raising raw material.At present, floating seedling matrix material has expanded on the materials such as the wheat bran that becomes thoroughly decomposed, carbonized rice husks, bagasse, corn stalk, peanut chaff, weeds, cinder, greatly expand the space of levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, but these host materials mostly belong to organic matter, its object just substitutes the peat composed of rotten mosses, is still confined to the research of mixed-matrix formula.
Inorganic matrix is as a large class of matrix, on industrialized agriculture is produced application comparatively extensive, its maximum advantage is that chemical stability is good.But the use research to flue-cured tobacco floating seedling culture inorganic matrix is less, what research at present and success were used is that its sand matrix of Chuxiong Prefecture tobacco company " flue-cured tobacco sand floating system technology " has substituted mixed-matrix completely, cost is low, draw materials conveniently, but the prophase management technology of growing seedlings is meticulous, complicated operation, the technical staff of basic unit is difficult for grasping, current recruitment cost amount of increase is larger, and management cost is too high, has restricted effectively applying of sand floating system technology.How can find one cheap, easily obtain, and meet the matrix of educating cigarette seedling characteristic, and the simple and easy to do seedling-cultivating method of its seedling management technology, become current flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating and produce the upper technical barrier of being badly in need of solution.
In addition, having selected inorganic matrix to carry out flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating cultivation work is the first step, but certain Application Ratio and the environmental condition of how to confirm is also problem in the urgent need to address thereby make the normal growth of cigarette seedling.When prior art residence flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating cultivation work, nutrient solution is from start to finish normally a kind of component, all adopt the nutrient solution of homogeneous from the seedling results that start to grow seedlings, this nutrient solution can not adapt to the requirements of one's work of growing seedlings, often occur that in nutrient solution, one to two kind of constituent content exceeds standard, and have the shortage of some elements.Therefore,, according to the difference of nursery stage, while finding each, interim optimal element proportioning becomes exigence.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome, the seedling cost existing in above-mentioned existing floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco technology is high, complicated operation, be difficult to management deficiency, the invention provides a kind of inorganic matrix and cultivate the method for floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, the method seedling cost is cheap, easy and simple to handle, material is easy to get safely.
The object of the invention is to realize by following technical solution.
Inorganic matrix adopts sand and two kinds of inorganic matters of perlite as formula materials, and no matter sand body material wherein, be mountain sand or river sand, and what emphasis was considered is ventilation drainage performance, pollution-free, without earth, free from admixture, before use, dries.Perlite can directly use after buying, and need not sterilize.
A seedling-cultivating method for new medium for floating seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco, the present invention is placed on matrix in the hole of seedling-cultivating tray, allows whole seedling-cultivating tray be placed on nutrient solution, and nutrient solution provides cultivation nutrient by the bottom outlet of seedling-cultivating tray to the cigarette seedling being planted in seedling-cultivating tray hole; After planting in nursery pond, add clean water to pond dark 6 ~ 8cm, in the time that emergence rate reaches 50% left and right, in pool water within, add special fertilizer for seedling culture to be modulated into nutrient solution A, emerge to the grand cross phase and adopt nutrient solution A; Seedling-cultivating tray is swum on the liquid level of nutrient solution A; Spray 0.1% humus 1 ~ 2 time in cigarette seedling grand cross to the phase of taking root, can promote tobacco seedling growth stalwartness, avoid cigarette seedling to occur nutritional deficiency symptom; The phase of taking root is to becoming to adopt seedling stage nutrient solution B; Keeping nutrient solution is 8 ~ 10cm to pond deeply, until seedling;
Described matrix formulations by following material by volume percentage form, sand 20～40%, perlite 60%～80%, adds suitable quantity of water and makes matrix keep certain moistening, can be agglomerating to hold, after loosing one's grip, naturally scatter for spending;
Described nutrient solution is divided into two kinds of formulas, that is:
1) nutrient solution A proportioning is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1:0.02, purity nitrogen concentration is 250 mgkg
-1, prepare with special fertilizer for seedling culture;
2) nutrient solution B proportioning is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1.5:0.02, purity nitrogen concentration is 250mgkg
-1, with special fertilizer for seedling culture and potassium nitrate preparation;
Wherein, the formula of special fertilizer for seedling culture is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=12:10:12:0.25, wherein nitrate nitrogen content >=60%.
The sand that the optimum formula of matrix of the present invention is 30% by volume ratio and 70% perlite form.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the one, matrix formulations is simple, draws materials conveniently, and user can prepare matrix voluntarily, and chemical stability is good, the safety of growing seedlings; The 2nd, the component of nutrient solution is divided into A, two formulas of B according to the difference in the period of growing seedlings, emerge to grand cross phase employing nutrient solution A, the phase of taking root, two kinds of formulas all formed for the specific period configuration of cigarette seedling, for tobacco seedling growth provides the most effective nutrition-allocated proportion to becoming to adopt seedling stage nutrient solution B; In addition, spray 0.1% humus 1 ~ 2 time in cigarette seedling grand cross to the phase of taking root, this is also applicable in order to guarantee that cigarette seedling determines in best growing environment; The 3rd, seedling management technology is simple and easy to do, be beneficial to and cultivate anosis strong sprout, the method can improve cigarette seedling emergence rate, planting percent and strong sprout rate, cigarette transplantation of seedlings survival rate is high; The 4th, seedling cost is cheap, and the seedling cost of every dish cigarette seedling is only 3 yuan of left and right, close with sand floating system, reduces by 2.6 yuan of left and right than the every dish of conventional floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, decreases by 46%; The 4th, sand and perlite are harmless and can improve native Reel to farmland, are conducive to protection of the environment and safeguard ecological; The 5th, can directly on producing, promote the use of, popularizing application prospect is good.
Further set forth content of the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of growing seedlings of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is floating seedlings schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: matrix (1) seedling-cultivating tray (2) hole (3) bottom outlet (4) nutrient solution A, B(5) cigarette seedling (6) root system (7).
Embodiment
A seedling-cultivating method for new medium for floating seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco, the present invention is placed on matrix in the hole of seedling-cultivating tray, allows whole seedling-cultivating tray be placed on nutrient solution, and nutrient solution provides cultivation nutrient by the bottom outlet of seedling-cultivating tray to the cigarette seedling being planted in seedling-cultivating tray hole; After planting in nursery pond, add clean water to pond dark 6 ~ 8cm, in the time that emergence rate reaches 50% left and right, in pool water within, add special fertilizer for seedling culture to be modulated into nutrient solution A, emerge to the grand cross phase and adopt nutrient solution A; Seedling-cultivating tray is swum on the liquid level of nutrient solution A; Spray 0.1% humus 1 ~ 2 time in cigarette seedling grand cross to the phase of taking root, can promote tobacco seedling growth stalwartness, avoid cigarette seedling to occur nutritional deficiency symptom.; The phase of taking root is to becoming to adopt seedling stage nutrient solution B; Keeping nutrient solution is 8 ~ 10cm to pond deeply, until seedling.
Described matrix formulations by following material by volume percentage form, sand 20～40%, perlite 60%～80%, adds suitable quantity of water and makes matrix keep certain moistening, can be agglomerating to hold, after loosing one's grip, naturally scatter for spending;
Described nutrient solution is divided into two kinds of formulas, that is:
1) nutrient solution A proportioning is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1:0.02, purity nitrogen concentration is 250 mgkg
-1, prepare with special fertilizer for seedling culture;
2) nutrient solution B proportioning is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1.5:0.02, purity nitrogen concentration is 250mgkg
-1, with special fertilizer for seedling culture and potassium nitrate preparation;
Wherein, the formula of special fertilizer for seedling culture is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=12:10:12:0.25, wherein nitrate nitrogen content >=60%.
The sand that the optimum formula of matrix of the present invention is 30% by volume ratio and 70% perlite form.
Be specially:
Embodiment mono-: no matter the sand body material adopting in inorganic matrix of the present invention formula is mountain sand or river sand, what emphasis was considered is ventilation drainage performance, pollution-free, without earth, free from admixture, before use, dries.Expanded perlite can directly use after buying, and need not sterilize.When use by the two by volume sand account for 30%, perlite accounts for and after 70% ratio is mixed, adds suitable quantity of water and mix thoroughly, makes matrix keep certain moistening, can be agglomerating to hold, after loosing one's grip, naturally scatter for degree, mix afterwards and can sabot sow.Seedling-cultivating tray 2 is selected 200 hole polystyrene foamed plastics lattice seedling-cultivating trays, specification: 66.5cm × 34cm × 5.5cm.190 ~ 220 grams of every dish weight.When sabot, the matrix preparing is filled up behind the hole 3 of seedling-cultivating tray, card is above will keep the stromal thickness of 3 ~ 4 centimetres, overhead 10 centimetres of left and right of matrix dish flush end, carries out pier three times, and just matrix reaches certain packing in dish, then card is struck off.When sowing, extrude the shallow nest of 2 ~ 3 millimeters at center, matrix hole with finger or pressure orifice plate, broadcast 1 ~ 2 tobacco seed, then spread again equably the dry matrices 1 of one millimeter of one deck thereon, to in nursery pond, add clean water to pond dark 8 ~ 10cm until emerge, when emergence rate reaches 50%, in pool water within, add special fertilizer for seedling culture to be modulated into nutrient solution, keep nutrient solution to pond dark 8 ~ 10cm until seedling.Emerge to the nutrient solution employing formula A of grand cross phase, phase to the nutrient solution that becomes seedling stage of taking root adopts formula B.Nutrient solution A proportioning is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1:0.02, prepares with special fertilizer for seedling culture; Nutrient solution B proportioning is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1.5:0.02, and with special fertilizer for seedling culture and potassium nitrate preparation.Special fertilizer for seedling culture formula is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=12:10:12:0.25, wherein nitrate nitrogen >=60%.
Spray 0.1% humus 1 ~ 2 time in cigarette seedling grand cross to the phase of taking root, can promote tobacco seedling growth stalwartness.
Embodiment bis-: no matter the sand body material adopting in inorganic matrix of the present invention formula is mountain sand or river sand, what emphasis was considered is ventilation drainage performance, pollution-free, without earth, free from admixture, before use, dries.Expanded perlite can directly use after buying, and need not sterilize.When use by the two by volume sand account for 40%, the ratio that accounts for perlite 60% adds suitable quantity of water and mixes thoroughly after mixing, and makes matrix keep certain moistening, can be agglomerating to hold, after loosing one's grip, naturally scatter for degree, mix afterwards and can sabot sow.Seedling-cultivating tray 2 is selected 320 hole polystyrene foamed plastics lattice seedling-cultivating trays, specification: 66.5cm × 34cm × 3.5cm.150 ~ 170 grams of every dish weight.When sabot, the matrix preparing is filled up behind the hole 3 of seedling-cultivating tray, card is above will keep the stromal thickness of 3 ~ 4 centimetres, overhead 10 centimetres of left and right of matrix dish flush end, carries out pier three times, and just matrix reaches certain packing in dish, then card is struck off.When sowing, extrude the shallow nest of 2 ~ 3 millimeters at center, matrix hole with finger or pressure orifice plate, broadcast 1 ~ 2 tobacco seed, then spread again equably the dry matrices 1 of one millimeter of one deck thereon, to adding clean water in nursery pond until emerge, when emergence rate reaches 50%, in pool water within, add special fertilizer for seedling culture to be modulated into nutrient solution, keep nutrient solution to pond dark 8 ~ 10cm until seedling.Emerge to the nutrient solution employing formula A of grand cross phase, phase to the nutrient solution that becomes seedling stage of taking root adopts formula B.Nutrient solution A proportioning is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1:0.02, prepares with special fertilizer for seedling culture; Nutrient solution B proportioning is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1.5:0.02, and with special fertilizer for seedling culture and potassium nitrate preparation.Special fertilizer for seedling culture formula is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=12:10:12:0.25, wherein nitrate nitrogen >=60%.
Spray 0.1% humus 1 ~ 2 time in cigarette seedling grand cross to the phase of taking root, can promote tobacco seedling growth stalwartness, the present invention in 2013-2014 years has carried out the field seedling raising demonstration of 100,000 mu in Chuxiong Prefecture ten counties and cities, from demonstration result, the method is cultivated cigarette seedling emergence rate and planting percent and is reached more than 95%, and strong sprout, rate reached more than 80%, and cigarette seedling is delicate and pretty, uniformity, well developed root system, strong stress resistance, relatively saves 260,000 yuan of seedling costs with conventional seedbed system method.
Claims (2)
1. the seedling-cultivating method of a new medium for floating seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco, it is characterized in that, matrix is placed in the hole of seedling-cultivating tray, allows whole seedling-cultivating tray be placed on nutrient solution, nutrient solution provides cultivation nutrient by the bottom outlet of seedling-cultivating tray to the cigarette seedling being planted in seedling-cultivating tray hole; After planting in nursery pond, add clean water to pond dark 6 ~ 8cm, in the time that emergence rate reaches 50% left and right, in pool water within, add special fertilizer for seedling culture to be modulated into nutrient solution A, emerge to the grand cross phase and adopt nutrient solution A; Seedling-cultivating tray is swum on the liquid level of nutrient solution A; Spray 0.1% humus 1 ~ 2 time in cigarette seedling grand cross to the phase of taking root; The phase of taking root is to becoming to adopt seedling stage nutrient solution B; Keeping nutrient solution is 8 ~ 10cm to pond deeply, until seedling;
Described matrix formulations by following material by volume percentage form, sand 20～40%, perlite 60%～80%, adds suitable quantity of water and makes matrix keep certain moistening, can be agglomerating to hold, after loosing one's grip, naturally scatter for spending;
Described nutrient solution is divided into two kinds of formulas, that is:
1) nutrient solution A proportioning is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1:0.02, purity nitrogen concentration is 250 mgkg
-1, prepare with special fertilizer for seedling culture;
2) nutrient solution B proportioning is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=1:0.8:1.5:0.02, purity nitrogen concentration is 250mgkg
-1, with special fertilizer for seedling culture and potassium nitrate preparation;
Wherein, the formula of special fertilizer for seedling culture is by weight nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium=12:10:12:0.25, wherein nitrate nitrogen content >=60%.
2. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of new medium for floating seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the sand that the optimum formula of matrix is 30% by volume ratio and 70% perlite form.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106954447A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-07-18 | 贵州省蚕业研究所 | A kind of jerusalem artichoke seed float seedling method |
| CN107347300A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-17 | 宣城市乐丰农业技术服务有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of high resistance to cold and diseases tobacco seedling |
| CN107365202A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-21 | 宣城市乐丰农业技术服务有限公司 | One implantation methods to grow tobacco |
| CN107409983A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-12-01 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | A kind of floating seedlings method that the degeneration-resistant disease resistance of tobacco seedlings is improved with Fish protein organic water-soluble fertilizer |
| CN109258171A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-25 | 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 | A method of promoting floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco growth |
| CN109275557A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-29 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of automation tobacco solid floating-seedling device and method |
| CN114885706A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-12 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional seedling raising device and method for flue-cured tobacco |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106954447A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-07-18 | 贵州省蚕业研究所 | A kind of jerusalem artichoke seed float seedling method |
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| CN107409983B (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2020-05-12 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Floating seedling raising method for improving stress resistance and disease resistance of tobacco seedlings by using fish protein organic water-soluble fertilizer |
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| CN109275557A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-29 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of automation tobacco solid floating-seedling device and method |
| CN109258171A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-25 | 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 | A method of promoting floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco growth |
| CN114885706A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-12 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional seedling raising device and method for flue-cured tobacco |
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Application publication date: 20140702 |