CN103891517A - Water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn - Google Patents
Water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010023126 Jaundice Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005204 bell stage Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 13
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn. The method comprises the first step of sowing and irrigating after seedling emergence, wherein the corn is sowed in the mode of alternating wide row spacing and narrow row spacing; the second step of irrigating and regulating of first irrigating after the seedling emergence; the third step of fertilization and irrigation regulation in a fertility interim, wherein from the small bell stage to the heading stage, the soil water content is kept to account for 70 percent-80 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of a field through drip irrigation; the fourth step of fertilization and irrigation regulation in the fertility middle and later periods, wherein from the flowering stage to the milk-ripe stage, the soil water content is kept to account for 80 percent-90 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field through the drip irrigation; the fifth step of water and fertilizer management before harvesting, and the sixth step of harvesting through a selected suitable harvesting machine, wherein corn stalks are smashed through a machine and returned to the field. According to the management method, the purposes of being high yield and quality, saving water and fertilizer and efficiently utilizing water and fertilizer resources in corn production are achieved under the condition of the drip irrigation and fertilizer application with the water.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to corn planting technical field, particularly relate to a kind of water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield.
Background technology
Maize Production has critical role and effect in China's grain-production, in " the newly-increased 1,000 hundred million jin of grain-production abilities planning in the whole nation (2009-2020) ", corn is born 44.1% task, visible, and the production of corn is directly connected to Chinese grain security.Corn drip irrigation technique is the irrigation technique of a kind of novel foodstuff crop of growing up on the basis of drip irrigation for cotton technology; Due to its high-efficiency water-saving, corn drip irrigation technique had started large scale application in agricultural production in recent years, and the effect of its water saving, volume increase has obtained sufficient checking, and yield level reaches 13500～21000kg/hm
2.
Effectively solved the problem of do mechanization operation in drip irrigation Maize Production code and final singling by the introduction of drip irrigation corn pipe laying precision sower research and development and maize harvesting machine; Solved the variety problem of drip irrigation corn by breed breeding and introduction; By Population Structure Adjusting and seeding row spacing Configuration the efficient utilization of drip irrigation corn photo-thermal resource.
But, in drip irrigation Technique for Corn Cultivation measure at present, field dropper band is arranged different, and irrigation quantity and fertilizing amount are unreasonable, liquid manure coordinated management lacks technical support, and this is extremely unfavorable for yield potentiality, the level of resources utilization of raising liquid manure of excavating corn.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme: a kind of water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, sows with the water of emerging and irrigates: corn adopts the sowing of wide-and narrow-row over-over mode, and wide line width is 60～90cm, and narrow row width is 20～40cm, is used for laying irrigate band in the middle of narrow row; Select the water dropper of irrigate band according to the soil texture; After having sowed, avoid oozing Miao Shui after synoptic process, irrigation quantity is every 667m
2drip 13m
3～25m
3, exceed the capable 12～18cm of corn seeding with wetting front and be advisable;
Step 2, the irrigation of the first water and regulation and control after emerging: until corn shoot upper blade is irrigated the first water, every 667m while rolling
230～35m drips
3; After dripping two hours, execute nitrogen with water droplet: phosphorus: corn drip irrigation fertilizer 8～10kg that potassium weight proportion is 36:8:6;
Step 3, fertility fertilizing and irrigating regulation and control in mid-term: in the toy trumpet mouth phase to heading stage, by drip irrigation irrigates maintenance soil moisture content maxmun field capacity 70～80% between, every 667m
2water consumption is controlled at 120～150m
3between; Execute nitrogen with water droplet respectively in typhon mouth phase and heading stage: phosphorus: corn drip irrigation fertilizer 7～9kg, 8-10kg that potassium weight proportion is 32:15:6.5;
Step 4, fertility middle and later periods fertilizing and irrigating regulation and control: in flowering stage to milk ripe stage, by drip irrigation irrigates maintenance soil moisture content maxmun field capacity 80～90% between, every 667m
2water consumption is controlled at 110～130m
3between; Build up the phase and milk ripe stage is executed nitrogen with water droplet respectively: phosphorus: corn drip irrigation fertilizer 8～10kg, 5～7kg and 2～3kg that potassium weight proportion is 33:14:6 at flowering stage, seed;
Step 5, the water and fertilizer management before results: ripening stage soil moisture content remain on 60～70% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m
2water consumption is controlled at 30m
3below; After full ripening stage, soil moisture content is controlled at below 65% of maxmun field capacity.
Step 6, when bract jaundice, seed hardening, there is black layer in seed embryo back side base portion, milk-line disappears, and when seed hardening, selects suitable reaping machine to gather in the crops; Before results, by mechanical harvest dropper band, recycle; Corn stem is by also field of mechanical crushing.
The water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield as above, preferred, step 1, selects water dropper on drip irrigation belt to refer to according to the soil texture: it is the water dropper of 2.8～3.2L/H that sandy loam should be selected flow; It is the water dropper of 2.4～2.8L/H that loam should be selected flow; It is the water dropper of 1.8～2.4L/H that clay should be selected flow.
The water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield as above, preferred, step 1, avoids synoptic process and refers to that avoiding low temperature, heavy showers etc. affects the synoptic process that corn is grown; The Best Times of corn seeding is that soil 5cm ground temperature is while reaching 12 DEG C.
The water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield as above, preferred, the water consumption in step 3 and 4 refers to the amount of irrigation water and the summation of rainfall.
The water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield as above, preferably, in step 5, gather in the crops whole ground: use straw baler that earth's surface first crop crops straw bundling is reclaimed, then with heavy-duty disc harrow, earth's surface is remained to first crop crops straw and roll to cut and pulverize and mix with table soil; Or, first with heavy-duty disc harrow, earth's surface first crop crops straw is tentatively rolled and cut and dryness in the sun, then with heavy-duty disc harrow, the first crop crops straw of dryness in the sun is fully rolled to cut and pulverize and mix with table soil.
In the present invention, maximum maxmun field capacity refers to: the water yield that the whole holes of soil keep while being full of water, and the maximum that soil can hold is held (containing) water yield, general clay 25%～30%, glutinous loam 23%～27%, loam 23%～25%, sandy loam 20%～22%, sandy soil 7%～14%.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Management method of the present invention adopts wide-narrow row planting to reduce irrigated area; Emerge by dripping and solve the inconsistent problem of growing way; Adopt and postpone the first water (except the water of emerging) irrigation time, promote drip irrigation Maize Roots, solve lodging problem; Adopt drip irrigation special fertilizer to solve nitrogen phosphorus potassium imbalance problem; Solve the different problem of each nutritional need breeding time by different nitrogen phosphorus potassium proportionings; Finally realize the object of high yield, high-quality, water saving, joint fertilizer and the liquid manure resource high-efficiency of Maize Production under drip irrigation-Fertigation condition.
1, water and fertilizer management method of the present invention adopts the mode of wide-and narrow-row phase configuration, can improve water use efficiency.The every 667m of flood irrigation planting patterns
2water consumption is 600～800m
3, the every 667m of conventional drip irrigation planting patterns
2water consumption is 500～600m
3, and the every 667m of water management method of the present invention
2water consumption is only 300～360m
3.
2, water and fertilizer management method of the present invention adopts wide-and narrow-row phase configuration and the mode of supplying by breeding time, and the nutrient migration of solution and the problem of loss, can improve nutrientuse efficiency.The every 667m of conventional drip irrigation planting patterns
2fertilising is 60～80kg, and the every 667m of water and fertilizer management method of the present invention
2formula fertilizer input amount is only 37～49kg.
3, water and fertilizer management method different growing of the present invention adopts different formulations, and fertility adopts nitrogen in earlier stage: phosphorus: the corn drip irrigation fertilizer that potassium weight proportion is different, has overcome the unbalanced problem of conventional fertilizer application method corn nutrient supply.
4, the soil moisture content of harvest corn phase is controlled at below 65% of maxmun field capacity by the present invention, can improve the dewatering efficiency of ripe rear corn kernel.
5, water and fertilizer management method of the present invention realizes omnidistance water-fertilizer integral, reaches the object of saving of labor, province's fertilizer, water saving, high yield, stable yields.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the money narrow row over-over mode sowing schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.
The water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield of the present invention has been carried out production test in 2012 and 2013 in agriculture examination hall, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions academy of agricultural sciences, and 2012 front stubbles are cotton, and 2013 front stubbles are corn.Before winter, carried out Arable Land Consolidation.This district's survey region belongs to typical temperate continental climate, 6.5～7.2 DEG C of average annual temperature, average annual rainfall 115mm and skewness, evaporation discharge 1942mm, steaming is fallen than 16.9 > 10, and soil is ploughed grey desert soil for filling with, and the soil texture is loam, for irrigation farming, be applicable to the enforcement of the inventive method.
In addition, 105 in Wujiaqu City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions of the water and fertilizer management methods of corn of the present invention water saving high yield 2013 are produced, and front stubble is cotton, carries out Arable Land Consolidation before the winter.This district's survey region belongs to typical temperate continental climate, 6～7 DEG C of average annual temperature, average annual rainfall 120mm and skewness, evaporation discharge 1900mm, steaming is fallen than 16 > 10, and soil is ploughed grey desert soil for filling with, and the soil texture is clay loam, for irrigation farming, be applicable to the enforcement of the inventive method.
The present embodiment material therefor is selected as follows:
Corn variety: Zheng Dan 958.
Mulch film: selecting thickness is the common polythene film of 0.008mm.
Dropper band: select single-blade labyrinth type drip irrigation tape, specification 300-3.2; Internal diameter 16mm; Wall thickness 0.18mm; Drip pitch of holes 300mm; Agriculture examination hall, nominal flow rate 2.8L/h(academy of agricultural sciences) and 2.4L/h(105 group).
Arm: PE (polyethylene) the clarinet water band of selecting 75 ﹟.
Fertilizer: the corn drip irrigation special fertilizer I type (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is 36:8:6) of selecting Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation &. Cultivation to produce; Corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is 32:15:6.5); Corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is 33:14:6).
Embodiment 1
Step 1, sows with the water of emerging and irrigates: corn adopts narrow row 30 and loose row 90cm interval to sow (as shown in Figure 1); The centre of narrow row is used for laying irrigate band, pipe two row, dropper band flow 2.8L/h; After having sowed on April 28th, 2012, unification on May 1 oozes Miao Shui, irrigation quantity 18m
3, wetting front exceedes the capable 15cm of corn seeding, May 6 emergence of corn.
Step 2, the irrigation of the first water and regulation and control after emerging: June 21, until corn shoot upper blade is rolled, soil moisture content, lower than 60% of maxmun field capacity, is irrigated, according to the every 667m of soil moisture content
232m drips
3; Drip clear water after two hours, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 8kg with water droplet.
Step 3, fertility Term Fertilization in mid-term and irrigation regulation and control: at every 667m on July 2
233m pours water
2; July 12 every 667m
238m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 7kg with water droplet; July 26 every 667m
236m pours water
3, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 9kg with water droplet.Be kept above 70% of maxmun field capacity by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m in typhon mouth phase and heading stage always
2107m altogether pours water
3, precipitation 14m
3, use corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 16kg.
Step 4, fertility middle and later periods Term Fertilization and irrigation regulation and control: at every 667m on August 6
230m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 5kg with water droplet; August 15 every 667m
232m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 8kg with water droplet; August 22 every 667m
240m pours water
3, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 3kg with water droplet.Be kept above 80% of maxmun field capacity in flowering stage to milk ripe stage by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m always
2102m altogether pours water
3, precipitation 11m
3, use corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 16kg.
Step 5, the water and fertilizer management before results: September 5 every 667m
222m pours water
2, before September 10, soil moisture content remains on 65% left and right of maxmun field capacity, and September 10 forbade pouring water later, and soil moisture content remains on always and is controlled at below 60% of maxmun field capacity.
Step 6, October 1 was regained dropper band by dropper band recycling machine; October 6, when corn is when bract jaundice, seed hardening, seed embryo back side base portion occurs selecting suitable maize harvesting machine to gather in the crops after black layer, and moisture content of kernels 19% after results, converts every 667m according to corn content 12%
2output is 1076kg; Used straw baler that earth's surface first crop crops straw bundling is reclaimed on October 8, with heavy-duty disc harrow, earth's surface was remained to first crop crops straw October 16 and roll to cut and pulverize and mix also field with table soil.
Embodiment 2
Step 1, sow and the water of emerging is irrigated: corn adopt 30+90cm not etc. between-line spacing sow; In the middle of narrow row, be used for laying irrigate band, pipe two row, dropper band flow 2.8L/h; After having sowed on May 1st, 2013, unification on May 7 oozes Miao Shui, irrigation quantity 20m
3, wetting front exceedes the capable 16cm of corn seeding, May 15 emergence of corn.
Step 2, the irrigation of the first water and regulation and control after emerging: June 23, until corn shoot top partial blade is rolled, soil moisture content, lower than 58% of maxmun field capacity, is irrigated, according to the every 667m of soil moisture content
236m drips
3; Drip clear water after two hours, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 9kg with water droplet.
Step 3, fertility Term Fertilization in mid-term and irrigation regulation and control: at every 667m on July 3
232m pours water
2; July 14 every 667m
235m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type, 8kg with water droplet; July 25 every 667m
234m pours water
3, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 8kg with water droplet.Be kept above 70% of maxmun field capacity by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m in typhon mouth phase and heading stage always
2101m altogether pours water
3, precipitation 22m
3, use corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 16kg.
Step 4, fertility middle and later periods Term Fertilization and irrigation regulation and control: at every 667m on August 8
230m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 5.5kg with water droplet; August 15 every 667m
235m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 7.5kg with water droplet; August 22 every 667m
238m pours water
3, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 2.5kg with water droplet.Be kept above 80% of maxmun field capacity in flowering stage to milk ripe stage by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m always
2103m altogether pours water
3, precipitation 16m
3, use corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 15.5kg.
Step 5, the water and fertilizer management before results: September 8 every 667m
225m pours water
2, before September 15, soil moisture content remains on 65% left and right of maxmun field capacity, and September 15 forbade pouring water later, and soil moisture content remains on always and is controlled at below 60% of maxmun field capacity.
Step 6, October 10 was regained dropper band by dropper band recycling machine; October 17, when corn is when bract jaundice, seed hardening, seed embryo back side base portion occurs selecting suitable maize harvesting machine to gather in the crops after black layer, and moisture content of kernels 20% after results, converts every 667m according to corn content 12%
2output is 1272kg; Used straw baler that earth's surface first crop crops straw bundling is reclaimed on October 18, with heavy-duty disc harrow, earth's surface was remained to first crop crops straw October 20 and roll to cut and pulverize and mix also field with table soil.
Adopt the water and fertilizer management method in embodiment 1 and 2, the unified inconsistent problem of solution growing way of emerging of dripping; Adopt and postpone the first water (except the water of emerging) irrigation time, promote drip irrigation Maize Roots, solve lodging problem; Nitrogen phosphorus potassium imbalance problem and the different problem of each nutritional need breeding time are solved by drip irrigation special fertilizer and different nitrogen phosphorus potassium proportioning; The high yield, high-quality, water saving, joint fertilizer of finally realizing Maize Production under drip irrigation-Fertigation condition with object.
Embodiment 3
Step 1, sow and the water of emerging is irrigated: corn adopt 40+80cm not etc. between-line spacing sow; In the middle of narrow row, be used for laying irrigate band, pipe two row, dropper band flow 2.4L/h; After having sowed on April 20th, 2013, unification on April 24 oozes Miao Shui, irrigation quantity 16m
3, wetting front exceedes the capable 18cm of corn seeding, May 4 emergence of corn.
Step 2, the irrigation of the first water and regulation and control after emerging: June 13, until corn shoot top partial blade is rolled, soil moisture content, lower than 62% of maxmun field capacity, is irrigated, according to the every 667m of soil moisture content
235m drips
3; Drip clear water after two hours, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 10kg with water droplet.
Step 3, fertility Term Fertilization in mid-term and irrigation regulation and control: at every 667m on June 25
233m pours water
2; July 4 every 667m
236m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type, 7.5kg with water droplet; July 15 every 667m
236m pours water
3, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 9kg with water droplet.Be kept above 70% of maxmun field capacity by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m in typhon mouth phase and heading stage always
2105m altogether pours water
3, precipitation 19m
3, use corn drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 16.5kg.
Step 4, fertility middle and later periods Term Fertilization and irrigation regulation and control: at every 667m on July 27
232m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 5kg with water droplet; August 6 every 667m
236m pours water
2, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 8kg with water droplet; August 13 every 667m
236m pours water
3, execute corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 3kg with water droplet.Be kept above 80% of maxmun field capacity in flowering stage to milk ripe stage by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m always
2104m altogether pours water
3, precipitation 15m
3, use corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III type 16kg.
Step 5, the water and fertilizer management before results: August 26 every 667m
222m pours water
2, before September 5, soil moisture content remains on 65% left and right of maxmun field capacity, and September 5 forbade pouring water later, and soil moisture content remains on always and is controlled at below 60% of maxmun field capacity.
Step 6, September 25 was regained dropper band by dropper band recycling machine; October 1, when corn is when bract jaundice, seed hardening, seed embryo back side base portion occurs selecting suitable maize harvesting machine to gather in the crops after black layer, and moisture content of kernels 18% after results, converts every 667m according to corn content 12%
2output is 1083kg; Heavy-duty disc harrow tentatively rolled earth's surface first crop crops straw and cut and dryness in the sun October 3, October 15 with heavy-duty disc harrow, the first crop crops straw of dryness in the sun was fully rolled to cut and pulverized and mix also field with table soil.
Adopt the water and fertilizer management method in embodiment 3, the unified inconsistent problem of solution growing way of emerging of dripping; Adopt and postpone the first water (except the water of emerging) irrigation time, promote drip irrigation Maize Roots, solve lodging problem; Cotton region maize culture nitrogen phosphorus potassium imbalance problem and the different problem of each nutritional need breeding time are solved by drip irrigation special fertilizer and different nitrogen phosphorus potassium proportioning; The high yield, high-quality, water saving, joint fertilizer of finally realizing Maize Production under drip irrigation-Fertigation condition with object.Wide-and narrow-row cultivation in addition, can use the self-propelled type high-stalk crop spraying boom spraying machine pest control of spraying insecticide, reduce the impact of natural calamity on corn growth, overcome corn borer after corn jointing, cotton bollworm, aphid, leafhopper and two spotted spider mite the heavier impact on output occurs.
Above embodiment is only exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is not used in restriction the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art can, in essence of the present invention and protection domain, make various amendments or be equal to replacement the present invention, this amendment or be equal to replacement and also should be considered as dropping in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a water and fertilizer management method for corn water saving high yield, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Step 1, sows with the water of emerging and irrigates: corn adopts the sowing of wide-and narrow-row over-over mode, and wide line width is 60～90cm, and narrow row width is 20～40cm, is used for laying irrigate band in the middle of narrow row; Select the water dropper of irrigate band according to the soil texture; After having sowed, avoid oozing Miao Shui after synoptic process, irrigation quantity is every 667m
2drip 13m
3～25m
3;
Step 2, the irrigation of the first water and regulation and control after emerging: until corn shoot upper blade is irrigated the first water, every 667m while rolling
230～35m drips
3; After dripping two hours, execute nitrogen with water droplet: phosphorus: corn drip irrigation fertilizer 8～10kg that potassium weight proportion is 36:8:6;
Step 3, fertility fertilizing and irrigating regulation and control in mid-term: in the toy trumpet mouth phase to heading stage, by drip irrigation irrigates maintenance soil moisture content maxmun field capacity 70～80% between, every 667m
2water consumption is controlled at 120～150m
3between; Execute nitrogen with water droplet respectively in typhon mouth phase and heading stage: phosphorus: corn drip irrigation fertilizer 7～9kg, 8-10kg that potassium weight proportion is 32:15:6.5;
Step 4, fertility middle and later periods fertilizing and irrigating regulation and control: in flowering stage to milk ripe stage, by drip irrigation irrigates maintenance soil moisture content maxmun field capacity 80～90% between, every 667m
2water consumption is controlled at 110～130m
3between; Build up the phase and milk ripe stage is executed nitrogen with water droplet respectively: phosphorus: corn drip irrigation fertilizer 8～10kg, 5～7kg and 2～3kg that potassium weight proportion is 33:14:6 at flowering stage, seed;
Step 5, the water and fertilizer management before results: ripening stage soil moisture content remain on 60～70% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m
2water consumption is controlled at 30m
3below; After full ripening stage, soil moisture content is controlled at below 65% of maxmun field capacity;
Step 6, when bract jaundice, seed hardening, there is black layer in seed embryo back side base portion, milk-line disappears, and when seed hardening, selects suitable reaping machine to gather in the crops; Before results, by mechanical harvest dropper band, recycle; Corn stem is by also field of mechanical crushing.
2. the water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1 selects water dropper on drip irrigation belt to refer to according to the soil texture: it is the water dropper of 2.8～3.2L/H that sandy loam should be selected flow; It is the water dropper of 2.4～2.8L/H that loam should be selected flow; It is the water dropper of 1.8～2.4L/H that clay should be selected flow.
3. the water and fertilizer management method of corn according to claim 1 water saving high yield, is characterized in that, step 1 is avoided synoptic process and referred to and avoid low temperature, heavy showers; The Best Times of corn seeding is that soil 5cm ground temperature is while reaching 12 DEG C.
4. the water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the water consumption in step 3 and 4 refers to the amount of irrigation water and the summation of rainfall.
5. the water and fertilizer management method of corn water saving high yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 5, gather in the crops whole ground: use straw baler that earth's surface first crop crops straw bundling is reclaimed, then with heavy-duty disc harrow, earth's surface is remained to first crop crops straw and roll to cut and pulverize and mix with table soil; Or,
First with heavy-duty disc harrow, earth's surface first crop crops straw is tentatively rolled and cut and dryness in the sun, then with heavy-duty disc harrow, the first crop crops straw of dryness in the sun is fully rolled to cut and pulverize and mix with table soil.
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| CN104115728A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-29 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Irrigation method enabling soil moisture content to be appropriate for mangos |
| CN104350930A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Water-saving high-yield water-fertilizer management method for use in drip irrigation of spring wheat |
| CN104521521A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-22 | 吴中区金庭小美华家庭农场 | Tillering reproduction method for sago cycas |
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| CN109438019A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of corn drip irrigation soluble nitrogen potash fertilizer and its method of administration |
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