CN103875499B - A kind of cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit with parthenocarpy characteristic - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit with parthenocarpy characteristic.It by selecting field, build orchard, planting stock, set up support, pruning, the rational application of fertilizer, in good time fruit thinning, the technical combinations such as fruit picking in good time, realize without seed kiwi fruit new varieties high yield and high quality, make high yield period average yield per mu reach 1000-1500 kilogram, and effectively ensure fruit quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit with parthenocarpy characteristic.
Background technology
Kiwi fruit is generally acknowledged " king of fruit ", has the effects such as nutrition, health care, beauty treatment.Kiwi fruit is dioecian plant, and its artificial cultivation generally all needs to plant staminiferous plant could result to female plant pollination.According to the seminar of the 6th kiwi fruit branch of International Society for Horticultural Science of New Zealand in 2006, Japan's scientific and technical personnel seed selection without seed kiwi fruit female plant, single fruit weight 20 ~ 30 grams, needs to join staminiferous plant pollen and pollinates, just can bear stenospermocarpy (embryo development abortion), female plant does not have parthenocarpy characteristic.
With the seminar that Hunan University Of Jishou retired professor professor Pei Changjun is host, through the hard research and discovery of more than ten years, successfully select have parthenocarpy characteristic without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong "." Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " finds that from West Hunan wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis resource investigation Kiwifruit and Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia Lindl) are without seed strain, through for many years observe with meticulous seed selection without seed kiwi fruit new varieties (national the first kiwi fruit is female educates type kind).These two kinds all have parthenocarpy characteristic (Genetic Function), do not need to plant staminiferous plant to carry out pollination and can bear stenospermocarpy, single fruit weight 60 ~ 80 grams, this is the proterties claiming monkey Peach cultivars not have both at home and abroad, can save kiwi fruit industry development cost, this is also innovative point place and the research and development value place of these two kinds.Obtain " Xiang Ji " on May 1st, 2011 authorize in National agricultural portion New species right in plant certificate (kind power number: CNA20080767.6), obtain on March 20th, 2012 card of trademark registration that State Administration for Industry & Commerce trademark office authorizes (
*zC8601716ZC
*)." Xiang Jihong " on June 10th, 2010 submits kind power application to Plant new variety protection office of the Ministry of Agriculture; the plant protection of acquisition on June 18th, 2010 Ministry of Agriculture is done the application of kind power and is accepted book; obtain Ministry of Agriculture's plant protection on August 10th, 2010 and do kind power application preliminary inquiry Qualified letter of notice, Ministry of Agriculture's plant protection is done to draft and is sent in August, 2014 auditor to carry out site inspection to " Xiang Jihong " kind.The appearance of " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " kind, the blank of domestic and international kiwi fruit research field has been filled up in practice, broken the traditional concept of gardening circle long-standing " kiwi fruit does not have parthenocarpy characteristic " in theory, its scientific achievement is reached the international leading level.
Without seed kiwi fruit new varieties flower and fruit protecting and avoid other staminiferous plants florescence pollen to meet pollination and cause kiwi fruit to have seed to become key problem in technology without seed kiwi fruit high yield and high quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit with parthenocarpy characteristic.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
1, select field: select average annual temperature 11.3 ~ 16.9 DEG C, annual precipitation 800 ~ 1000mm soil layer deep, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leewardly face south, have a good transport service, pollution-free source, ecotope are good, be applicable to the area that Kiwi growth grows requirement builds garden.Garden should not be built in mountain top head, air port place and low-lying valley floor.
2, build orchard: moat of raising of ditching, mountain region is built garden and is built the standard determination ditch spacing of garden by line-spacing 4 ~ 4.5 meters by line-spacing 3 ~ 3.5 meters, level land, ditch depth 0.8 ~ 1 meter, furrow width 0.9 ~ 1 meter, the table dug out soil and subsoil pile up separately; First tamp 0.3 ~ 0.4 meter of thick green manure (weeds, dry branches and fallen leaves etc.) in ditch, soil of then filling in a form, finally fills out subsoil to exceeding 0.20 ~ 0.3 meter, face peripherally, forms field planting ditch; Planting pit is dug by the standard on 3 meters, spacing in the rows mountain region, 2 meters, level land in the face, ridge of field planting ditch, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, often to spread manuer in holes 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, cake fertilizer, 0.2 ~ 0.3 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, composite fertilizer special 0.3 ~ 0.5 kilogram, mix with farmyard manure, prevent fertilizer to ferment burn shoot root.
Build the preferred version in orchard:
Mountain region is built garden and is built the standard determination ditch spacing of garden by line-spacing 4 meters by line-spacing 3 meters, level land, ditch depth 0.8 meter, furrow width 1 meter, the table dug out soil and subsoil pile up separately; First tamp 0.3 meter of thick green manure (weeds, dry branches and fallen leaves etc.) in ditch, soil of then filling in a form, finally fills out subsoil to exceeding 0.3 meter, face peripherally, forms field planting ditch; Planting pit is dug by the standard on 3 meters, spacing in the rows mountain region, 2 meters, level land in the face, ridge of field planting ditch, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, 0.5 kilogram, cake fertilizer of often spreading manuer in holes, 0.2 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, composite fertilizer special 0.3 kilogram, mix with farmyard manure, prevents fertilizer fermentation burn shoot root.
3, planting stock: in solar calendar late Febuary planting stock; First soak 3 ~ 5 minutes with root-growing agent before seedling planting, then by mountain region nursery stock strain, line-spacing 3 meters × 3 meters (74 plants/acre), level land nursery stock strains, line-spacing 2 meters × 4 meters (83 plants/acre) standard field planting; Seedling planting is sprouted raw branch and is removed grafting film in time afterwards; Select strong, a upright shoot to be cultivated as trunk, all the other buds are all erased; Adopt the bamboo pole oblique cutting of length 2 meters, rugosity 0.03 meter on nursery stock side, tied up by nursery stock base portion in bamboo pole bottom, nursery stock end of the branch is tied up at bamboo pole top, cultivates upright trunk, prevents distortion; The heavy pinching when shoot grows to 1.5 ~ 1.6 meters (" disconnected mountain peak ", wipes out sub-fraction branch), make it sprout pumping 4 major branches gradually, interval 0.15 ~ 0.20 meter, female branch is cultivated as a result; Bearing basal shoot evenly configures multiple fruit bearing shoot every 0.15 ~ 0.2 meter; By demand configuration vegetative shoot; Annual fertilising 3 ~ 6 times, based on foliage fertilizer.
4, set up support: then or draw the support (concrete column) that branch is set up next year, be strapped on support in time by shoot, shoot upwards grows in traction.
5, pruning: begin really without the field planting of seed kiwi fruit new varieties, be main by winter pruning, summer pruning is auxiliary principle, adopts the method for " cultivating a trunk, four bearing basal shoots and multiple fruit bearing shoot " to carry out pruning.
Winter pruning, carry out to the resting stage (mid-November is to late December then) before the bleeding phase after fallen leaves, adopt and shortly cut (annual branch cuts off a part), contracting is cut (perennial branch of more than 2 years carries out cutting back), pruned (annual branch or perennial branch are wiped out from base portion) method off.Excessive growth vegetative shoot stays that 5 ~ 6 buds are short to be cut, excessive growth fruit bearing shoot stays on setting fruit position that 4 ~ 5 buds are short to be cut, and long fruit branch stays that 3 ~ 4 buds are short to be cut, and medium fruit branch stays that 2 ~ 3 buds are short to be cut, shortly to cut or the stub staying 3 ~ 4 centimetres when cutting above clip bud that contracts, in case clip bud is withered; Fruit spur and cripetura fruit branch are not pruned; The own result healthy and strong bearing basal shoot of 3 years, healthy and strong position is cut in contracting, and thin and weak bearing basal shoot is wiped out from base portion; Other position raw thin and delicate branch, withered branch, intersect the insufficient developmental branch of branch, Mi Shengzhi, overlapping branch, sick branch, growth and rhizosphere sprouts Tiller branch, wipes out from base portion.
Summer pruning, carried out in annual mid-May to mid-August, adopted bud picking, pinching, short shear method, carried out several times.On stock, the rudiment of trunk base portion erases in time; The second branch sprouted after excessive growth sexual development branch and fruit bearing shoot pinching stays 2 ~ 3 leaf pinching; Excessive growth fruit bearing shoot and long fruit branch, upwards count reservation 5 ~ 6 bud pinching from last fruit or shortly to cut; The excessive growth sexual development branch that permanent major branch or bearing basal shoot are sprouted, wipes out without exception except giving over to preparation branch from base portion.
6, the rational application of fertilizer:
Execute rhizosphere base manure, late January in late December after annual fruit picking to next year carries out: 1 ~ 1.2 kilogram, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer special 0.5 ~ 0.7 kilogram, 0.2 ~ 0.3 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 0.3 ~ 0.4 kilogram are mixed with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6 ~ 0.70 meter of, dig an annular groove, dark 0.4 ~ 0.45 meter, wide 0.3 ~ 0.35 meter, apply the fertilizer mixed thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
Execute rhizosphere fruit-promoting fertilizer, carry out in annual late May: by 0.5 ~ 0.7 kilogram, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer special 0.5 ~ 0.7 kilogram, mixes with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6 ~ 0.7 meter of, a cave is respectively dug symmetrically, cave diameter 0.3 ~ 0.35 meter, dark 0.4 ~ 0.45 meter in the peripheral four directions of trunk, apply the fertilizer mixed thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
Execute foliage fertilizer (micro fertilizer special, bio-bacterial manure etc.), before flowering, each spray 2 ~ 3 times before at 9 in Xie Huahou morning and after at 4 in afternoon, in order to flower and fruit protecting, improve percentage of fertile fruit; Fruit growth period (5 ~ August) sprays 3 ~ 4 times, in order to fruit retention and strong fruit; Spray 1 ~ 2 time before fruit picking, in order to fruit retention and recovery tree vigo(u)r.
In addition, green manuring (safflower grass seed, orchid grass seed, common vetch, Radish etc.) is adhered to annual autumn; Plant other crop (soya bean, peanut, Chinese herbal medicine etc.) between adhering to summer, maintain park by park, increase soil fertility.
Execute the preferred version of rhizosphere base manure: 1 kilogram, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer special 0.5 kilogram, 0.2 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 0.3 kilogram are mixed with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6 meter of, dig an annular groove, dark 0.4 meter, wide 0.3 meter, apply the fertilizer mixed thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
Execute the preferred version of rhizosphere fruit-promoting fertilizer: by 0.5 kilogram, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer special 0.5 kilogram, mixes with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6 meter of, respectively dig a cave symmetrically, cave diameter 0.3 meter in the peripheral four directions of trunk, dark 0.4 meter, apply the fertilizer mixed thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
7, in good time fruit thinning: carry out in annual mid-May, offside fruit (fruit ear has 3 fruits, stay top fruit, dredge side really), malformed fruit, small and weak fruit, sick wormed fruit remove in good time, and keep result even, fruit 400 ~ 500 fruits are stayed in every strain.
8, in good time fruit picking: annual late September to early October, in good time fruit picking when fruit soluble solids content reaches 6.2% ~ 7.2%.
According to cultivation method of the present invention, high yield period average yield per mu can reach 1000 ~ 1500 kilograms, and effectively can ensure fruit quality.
go through without the annual operation of seed kiwi fruit new varieties high yield and quality cultivation method
Claims (5)
1. there is the cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit of parthenocarpy characteristic, it is characterized in that:
1. field is selected: select average annual temperature 11.3 ~ 16.9 DEG C, the area of annual precipitation 800 ~ 1000mm builds garden;
2. build orchard: moat of raising of ditching, mountain region is built garden and is built the standard determination ditch spacing of garden by line-spacing 4 ~ 4.5 meters by line-spacing 3 ~ 3.5 meters, level land, ditch depth 0.8 ~ 1 meter, furrow width 0.9 ~ 1 meter, the table dug out soil and subsoil pile up separately; First tamp 0.3 ~ 0.4 meter of thick green manure in ditch, soil of then filling in a form, finally fills out subsoil to exceeding 0.20 ~ 0.3 meter, face peripherally, forms field planting ditch; Planting pit is dug by the standard on 3 meters, spacing in the rows mountain region, 2 meters, level land in the face, ridge of field planting ditch, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, often to spread manuer in holes 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, cake fertilizer, 0.2 ~ 0.3 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, composite fertilizer special 0.3 ~ 0.5 kilogram, mix with farmyard manure, prevent fertilizer to ferment burn shoot root;
3. planting stock: in solar calendar late Febuary planting stock; First soak 3 ~ 5 minutes with root-growing agent before seedling planting, then by mountain region nursery stock strain, line-spacing 3 meters × 3 meters, level land nursery stock strain, line-spacing 2 meters × 4 meters standard field planting; Seedling planting is sprouted raw branch and is removed grafting film in time afterwards; Select strong, a upright shoot to be cultivated as trunk, all the other buds are all erased; Adopt bamboo pole oblique cutting on nursery stock side, tied up by nursery stock base portion in bamboo pole bottom, nursery stock end of the branch is tied up at bamboo pole top, cultivates upright trunk, prevents distortion; The heavy pinching when shoot grows to 1.5 ~ 1.6 meters, makes it sprout pumping 4 major branches gradually, interval 0.15 ~ 0.20 meter, and female branch is cultivated as a result; Bearing basal shoot evenly configures multiple fruit bearing shoot every 0.15 ~ 0.2 meter; By demand configuration vegetative shoot; Annual fertilising 3 ~ 6 times, based on foliage fertilizer;
4. set up support: then or draw the support that branch is set up next year, be strapped on support in time by shoot, shoot upwards grows in traction;
5. pruning: begin really without the field planting of seed kiwi fruit new varieties, be main by winter pruning, summer pruning is auxiliary principle, adopts the method for " cultivating a trunk, four bearing basal shoots and multiple fruit bearing shoot " to carry out pruning;
Winter pruning, carries out to the resting stage before the bleeding phase after fallen leaves, adopts shortly to cut, contract and cut, prune method off; Excessive growth vegetative shoot stays that 5 ~ 6 buds are short to be cut, excessive growth fruit bearing shoot stays on setting fruit position that 4 ~ 5 buds are short to be cut, and long fruit branch stays that 3 ~ 4 buds are short to be cut, and medium fruit branch stays that 2 ~ 3 buds are short to be cut, shortly to cut or the stub staying 3 ~ 4 centimetres when cutting above clip bud that contracts, in case clip bud is withered; Fruit spur and cripetura fruit branch are not pruned; The own result healthy and strong bearing basal shoot of 3 years, healthy and strong position is cut in contracting, and thin and weak bearing basal shoot is wiped out from base portion; Other position raw thin and delicate branch, withered branch, intersect the insufficient developmental branch of branch, Mi Shengzhi, overlapping branch, sick branch, growth and rhizosphere sprouts Tiller branch, wipes out from base portion;
Summer pruning, carried out in annual mid-May to mid-August, adopted bud picking, pinching, short shear method, carried out several times; On stock, the rudiment of trunk base portion erases in time; The second branch sprouted after excessive growth sexual development branch and fruit bearing shoot pinching stays 2 ~ 3 leaf pinching; Excessive growth fruit bearing shoot and long fruit branch, upwards count reservation 5 ~ 6 bud pinching from last fruit or shortly to cut; The excessive growth sexual development branch that permanent major branch or bearing basal shoot are sprouted, wipes out without exception except giving over to preparation branch from base portion;
6. the rational application of fertilizer:
Execute rhizosphere base manure, late January in late December after annual fruit picking to next year carries out: 1 ~ 1.2 kilogram, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer special 0.5 ~ 0.7 kilogram, 0.2 ~ 0.3 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 0.3 ~ 0.4 kilogram are mixed with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6 ~ 0.70 meter of, dig an annular groove, dark 0.4 ~ 0.45 meter, wide 0.3 ~ 0.35 meter, apply the fertilizer mixed thoroughly, execute rear earthing;
Execute rhizosphere fruit-promoting fertilizer, carry out in annual late May: by 0.5 ~ 0.7 kilogram, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer special 0.5 ~ 0.7 kilogram, mixes with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6 ~ 0.7 meter of, a cave is respectively dug symmetrically, cave diameter 0.3 ~ 0.35 meter, dark 0.4 ~ 0.45 meter in the peripheral four directions of trunk, apply the fertilizer mixed thoroughly, execute rear earthing;
Execute foliage fertilizer, before flowering, each spray 2 ~ 3 times before at 9 in Xie Huahou morning and after at 4 in afternoon, fruit growth period spray 3 ~ 4 times, spray 1 ~ 2 time before fruit picking;
7. in good time fruit thinning: carry out in annual mid-May, offside fruit, malformed fruit, small and weak fruit, sick wormed fruit remove in good time, keeps result even, and fruit 400 ~ 500 fruits are stayed in every strain;
8. in good time fruit picking: annual late September to early October, in good time fruit picking when fruit soluble solids content reaches 6.2% ~ 7.2%.
2. the cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit with parthenocarpy characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the 2. step build the preferred version in orchard: mountain region is built garden by line-spacing 3 meters, level land and is built the standard determination ditch spacing of garden by line-spacing 4 meters, ditch depth 0.8 meter, furrow width 1 meter, the table dug out soil and subsoil pile up separately; First tamp 0.3 meter of thick green manure in ditch, soil of then filling in a form, finally fills out subsoil to exceeding 0.3 meter, face peripherally, forms field planting ditch; Planting pit is dug by the standard on 3 meters, spacing in the rows mountain region, 2 meters, level land in the face, ridge of field planting ditch, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, 0.5 kilogram, cake fertilizer of often spreading manuer in holes, 0.2 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, composite fertilizer special 0.3 kilogram, mix with farmyard manure, prevents fertilizer fermentation burn shoot root.
3. a kind of cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit with parthenocarpy characteristic according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bamboo pole length 2 meters, rugosity 0.03 meter adopted when 3. walking planting stock.
4. a kind of cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit with parthenocarpy characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the 6. step execute the preferred version of rhizosphere base manure: 1 kilogram, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer special 0.5 kilogram, 0.2 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 0.3 kilogram are mixed with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6 meter of, dig an annular groove, dark 0.4 meter, wide 0.3 meter, apply the fertilizer mixed thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
5. a kind of cultivation method without seed kiwi fruit with parthenocarpy characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the 6. step execute the preferred version of rhizosphere fruit-promoting fertilizer: by 0.5 kilogram, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer special 0.5 kilogram, mixes with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6 meter of, a cave is respectively dug symmetrically, cave diameter 0.3 meter, dark 0.4 meter in the peripheral four directions of trunk, apply the fertilizer mixed thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
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| CN105875316A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆市万盛经开区通越猕猴桃种植园 | Planting method of kiwi trees |
| CN104584972B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2017-01-18 | 张端瑛 | Cultivation technique for vitamin C selenium-rich kiwi fruit |
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| CN106212071A (en) * | 2016-06-19 | 2016-12-14 | 崔丽红 | A kind of method that induction Fructus actinidiae chinensis " summer millet " kind parthenocarpy produces stenospermocarpy |
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| CN1093863A (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 1994-10-26 | 王见 | Cultivating technique for milk fruit tree |
| JP5415702B2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2014-02-12 | 協和発酵バイオ株式会社 | How to cultivate fruits that are less susceptible to wind damage |
| CN101278639B (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2011-04-06 | 吕秀兰 | Technique for cultivating seedless grape |
| CN102057824A (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-18 | 张聪明 | Improved cultivation method of three-red crystal grapefruit |
| JP2011010660A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-01-20 | Hanawa Teien Kk | Cultivation method for producing abundant flower and/or fruit |
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| CN103229692A (en) * | 2013-05-05 | 2013-08-07 | 安顺市西秀区胜学原生态种养植生态园 | Cultivation method for seedless roxburgh roses |
| CN103329694A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-10-02 | 王敏 | Cultivation method of seedless watermelon |
| CN103404401A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-11-27 | 重庆市善感农业开发有限公司 | Method for planting kiwi fruits |
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