CN115250846A - Water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress - Google Patents
Water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress. After harvesting spring buckwheat, rush planting 1 crop of cress, and planting autumn buckwheat after harvesting the cress, so as to achieve the purposes of washing salt, pressing salt and drowning and killing pests and weeds of the tartary buckwheat through water logging, and also effectively treat the continuous cropping obstacle of the tartary buckwheat in autumn. The autumn tartary buckwheat planted by the technology can effectively reduce continuous cropping damage and promote tartary buckwheat growth, and compared with local conventional empty stubbles, the autumn tartary buckwheat yield can be increased by 1.51 times, the yield value of 1 crop of cress per mu is increased by about 5591.5 yuan, the economic benefit is good, and the mode is worth being popularized and utilized in a large area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a paddy-upland rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress.
Background
Buckwheat (Buckwheat) belongs to Polygonaceae (Polygonaceae) Genus Fagopyrum (A)Fagopyrum) Is an annual or perennial root plant, is an important traditional coarse cereal crop in China, and has high nutritional value and medicinal health-care valueThe value is obtained. In China, buckwheat, oat, edible beans, black rice, millet, corn, wheat bran, rice bran and the like are called eight major health-care foods. Buckwheat has two cultivars, one is common buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) (buckwheat)F.esculentum) I.e. common buckwheat, and another is tartary buckwheat (A)F.tataricum). Wherein the radix Et rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici has high medicinal health promotion value, and has effects of keeping cardiovascular system normal, reducing cholesterol, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood lipid, etc. At present, the tartary buckwheat is in short supply from domestic markets to foreign trade outlets, and the tartary buckwheat industry is considered to have good development prospect.
Continuous cropping obstacles refer to the phenomenon that after the same or a nearby plant is continuously cultivated in the same soil, the growth vigor becomes weak, diseases become severe, and the yield and quality decrease even under normal cultivation and management conditions. In recent years, researchers have generally considered that continuous cropping obstacles are the result of interaction between two systems of soil environment and plants through researches on physical and chemical properties of soil, soil nutrient content, soil microbial community structure, soil enzyme activity, secretion and accumulation of autotoxic substances, agronomic properties of plants, physiological and biochemical properties and other changes of crops such as forests, bulk food crops and pasture and grass after continuous cropping.
Continuous cropping is one of the main reasons for restricting the high yield of the tartary buckwheat, and because the tartary buckwheat is planted and fertilized rarely, the soil fertility is reduced due to the continuous cropping of the tartary buckwheat, and pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs of the tartary buckwheat are gradually accumulated, so that the disease and pest of the tartary buckwheat are aggravated to reduce the yield. The farm Han nationality is that the Chinese buckwheat seeds have no arrises for three years and the Chinese buckwheat seeds are continuously planted and become goat huhu, that is, the continuous cropping can be cancelled to cause serious yield reduction. At present, an effective regulation and control method for the continuous cropping obstacle of tartary buckwheat is lacked at home and abroad.
The harvesting time of spring buckwheat in the main tartary buckwheat production area of Guizhou province is generally the first ten days of 6 months every year, the sowing time of autumn buckwheat is generally the middle and last ten days of 8 months, the period is about 2.5 months of empty stubble, and Guizhou province mainly selects the empty stubble, namely nothing is planted until the autumn buckwheat is sowed. How to reasonably arrange crop rotation has important influence on the yield of the next-crop tartary buckwheat.
(Water fennel)Oenanthe javanica (Bl.)DC.) plant of Umbelliferae, with erect stem or creeping baseChina, india, myanmar, vietnam, malaysia, indonesia and Philippines. They prefer moist, fertile soil. Strong waterlogging resistance and cold resistance. The cress is generally propagated asexually. Can be eaten as vegetable, has fresh and delicious taste, and can be used as medicine in folk.
The invention carries out the first crop of cress after the spring buckwheat is harvested, achieves the purposes of washing salt, pressing salt and killing pests and weeds which are harmful to the buckwheat by water logging, and can effectively treat the continuous cropping obstacle of the buckwheat. At present, no related report of the tartary buckwheat and water fennel dry crop rotation cultivation technology is adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for the water-dry rotation of tartary buckwheat and cress. The method carries out the first crop of cress after the spring buckwheat is harvested, achieves the purposes of washing salt, pressing salt and killing pests and weeds which are harmful to the buckwheat through water logging, and can effectively treat the continuous cropping obstacle of the buckwheat in autumn. The autumn tartary buckwheat planted by the technology can effectively reduce continuous cropping damage and promote tartary buckwheat growth, and compared with local conventional empty stubbles, the autumn tartary buckwheat yield can be increased by 1.51 times, the yield value of 1 crop of cress per mu is increased by about 5591.5 yuan, the economic benefit is good, and the mode is worthy of large-area popularization and utilization.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a water-upland rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) After the tartary buckwheat is harvested in the first ten days of 6 months, soil preparation is carried out, cress are planted after seed selection, fertilization and field management are carried out in the period, and cress are harvested in the middle and last ten days of 8 months;
(2) After harvesting cress in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, performing land preparation again, performing seed soaking treatment after tartary buckwheat seeds are selected in autumn, then performing tartary buckwheat planting in autumn, applying fertilizer and performing field management during the period, and harvesting after tartary buckwheat seeds are mature.
The water-drought rotation cultivation technology of the tartary buckwheat and the cress comprises the following steps of (1): the land preparation method comprises the following steps: in the first ten days of 6 months, after the tartary buckwheat is harvested in spring, turning the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is preferably 25-30cm, and circumferential ditches with the width and the depth of 30cm are formed around the field; injecting water, keeping a water layer with the depth of 3cm, leveling the mud surface, removing weeds, dividing cells, wherein the area of each cell is 10m multiplied by 2m, the interval between the cells is 30cm, and waiting for standby sowing.
According to the paddy-upland rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress, in the step (1): the cress selection and planting method comprises the following steps: selecting cress seedlings with the plant height of about 15cm and intact leaves without plant diseases and insect pests from a seed reserving field, slightly pulling out the cress seedlings to ensure the completeness of root systems as much as possible, and sowing the cress seedlings in a land to be sowed by adopting a single-plant field planting mode, wherein the planting density is 6cm multiplied by 6cm; clamping the root of the cress seedling by using a thumb and an index finger, slightly pressing the cress seedling into the soil with the depth of about 4cm, pulling out the thumb and the index finger, harvesting the cress according to the actual cress rhizosphere soil in the middle and last ten days of 8 months when the height of the cress is 30-35cm, and harvesting products on the upper part of the ground from the ground by using a sickle.
The water-drought rotation cultivation technology of the tartary buckwheat and the cress comprises the following steps of (1): the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: 700kg/hm of ternary compound fertilizer is applied before the cress is planted2And 400kg/hm of organic fertilizer2As a base fertilizer, the total nutrient of the ternary compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ternary compound fertilizer is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: p is2O5：K2O =15:15: 15; transplanting cress to survive, and after new leaves are pumped out, scattering 100kg/hm & lt 2 & gt of urea and 200kg/hm & lt 2 & gt of organic fertilizer as top dressing.
The water-drought rotation cultivation technology of the tartary buckwheat and the cress comprises the following steps of (1): the field management method of cress comprises the following steps: timely replanting seedlings when the transplanting condition of the cress is not ideal, and keeping the density of 6cm multiplied by 6cm; keeping the soil in a water layer with the depth of 5cm in 15d at the early growth stage of cress, keeping the water layer with the depth of 1 cm in other periods, and cutting off water 2 weeks before harvesting; 1 time of spraying l000 times of liquid of 50 percent of pirimiphos wettable powder and l000 times of liquid of 40 percent of dimethoate missible oil alternately for deinsectization, wherein each time interval is 7 days; the weeds are manually pulled out in combination with field operation.
The water-dry rotation cultivation technology of the tartary buckwheat and the cress comprises the following steps of (2): the land preparation method comprises the following steps: the depth of a furrow is 10-15cm, a drilling mode is adopted, the row spacing is 30cm, the residue and weeds of the previous crops are removed, the soil surface is loose, each ridge is 2m, furrows are formed among the ridges for drainage, and the sowing is waited for;
the water-dry rotation cultivation technology of the tartary buckwheat and the cress comprises the following steps of (2): the method for selecting and soaking seeds of tartary buckwheat in autumn comprises the following steps: removing seeds with empty seeds, broken seeds, grass seeds and impurities, selecting relatively full fine seeds, elutriating the seeds for 3 times by using clear water at 28 ℃, wherein the seed soaking water amount is 3 times of the seed volume, the water is changed for 2 times in the seed soaking process, gently rubbing the seeds, rinsing off mucus on the seed coats, and preparing for sowing after 1d of seed drying.
The water-dry rotation cultivation technology of the tartary buckwheat and the cress comprises the following steps of (2): the sowing method of tartary buckwheat in autumn comprises the following steps: sowing the tartary buckwheat seeds to be sowed on the land to be sowed in a drilling sowing mode, wherein the sowing quantity of the seeds is 38.0kg/hm & lt 2 & gt.
The paddy-upland rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress comprises the following steps of (2): the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied before the tartary buckwheat is planted in autumn, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is N: p: k =15:15:15 ) in an amount of 300kg/hm2; the top dressing time is the filling period of the tartary buckwheat, and the dosage of the inorganic fertilizer is 200kg/hm & lt 2 & gt.
The water-dry rotation cultivation technology of the tartary buckwheat and the cress comprises the following steps of (2): a field management method of tartary buckwheat in autumn comprises the following steps: timely replanting seedlings is not needed in the seedling emergence condition, and about 100 basic seedlings per square meter are maintained; weeding when the tartary buckwheat grows to the seedling stage; after sowing, water is poured thoroughly the same day, and rainfall falls naturally in the rest period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the conventional local cultivation mode (i.e. no crop rotation), the cress is adopted as the crop rotation of the previous crop, the paddy-upland rotation cultivation mode can obviously improve the SOD and POD activity of the tartary buckwheat leaves, and the SOD of the cress-autumn buckwheat paddy-upland rotation mode reaches 351.78 U.g-1·h -1POD reaches 460.57 U.g-1·h -1The content of the malonaldehyde is reduced, and the content of the malonaldehyde is only 1.22 mu mol g-1It is demonstrated that the paddy-upland rotation can reduce the continuous cropping injury of autumn buckwheat of the latter crop.
2. Compared with the conventional local cultivation mode (i.e. no crop rotation), the cress is adopted as the crop rotation of the former crop, and the cultivation mode of the paddy-upland crop rotation can obviously promote the roots of the tartary buckwheat of the later cropThe growth of the line is shown as the increase of the root length, the root surface area, the root volume and the average diameter, the root length reaches 90.08 cm in a cress-autumn buckwheat paddy-dry rotation mode, and the surface area reaches 13.48 cm2Volume up to 0.354 cm3The average diameter was 0.551 mm.
3. Compared with the local conventional cultivation mode (namely no crop rotation), the cress is adopted as the crop rotation of the previous crop, the paddy-upland rotation cultivation mode can obviously promote the growth and development of the upper part of the succeeding tartary buckwheat field, which is shown as the obvious increase of the plant height, the main stem node number and the main stem branch number, and the yield of the cress-autumn buckwheat paddy-upland rotation mode reaches 1872.6 kg/hm2The yield of the local conventional cultivation mode is only 1238.1 kg/hm at most2The yield is improved by 1.51 times.
4. In the idle stubble period of about 2.5 months after spring buckwheat, cress with shorter growing period can be planted, the yield per mu is 6091.5 yuan, the cost is deducted by about 500 yuan/mu, the net income increase can be 5591.5 yuan/mu, and the yield value of cress is calculated according to the lowest price of 2.5 yuan/kg in the market, so that the net income of the whole year is increased.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. Cress cultivation
(1) Land preparation: after harvesting spring buckwheat for 5 days in 6 months, turning over the land by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and circumferential ditches with the width and depth of 30cm are formed around the field block; injecting water, keeping a water layer with the depth of 3cm, raking the mud surface, and removing weeds; and dividing cells, wherein the area of each cell is 10m multiplied by 2m, and the interval between the cells is 30cm.
(2) Fertilizer dosage and period: applying a ternary compound fertilizer (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, N: P) before field planting of cress2O5：K2The weight ratio of O is 15:15:15 700kg/hm2And 400kg/hm of organic fertilizer2As a base fertilizer; transplanting Oenanthe Javanica to survival, and spreading 100kg/hm after new leaves are extracted2Urea and 200kg/hm2Organic fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer.
(3) Selecting seedlings: selecting cress seedlings with the plant height of about 15cm and leaves kept complete and free of plant diseases and insect pests from a seed reserving field, and slightly pulling out the cress seedlings to ensure the completeness of root systems as much as possible.
(4) Transplanting: transplanting time is that after the spring buckwheat is harvested, a single plant is planted, and the planting density is 6cm multiplied by 6cm; clamping the root of the cress seedling by using a thumb and an index finger, lightly pressing the cress seedling into the soil with the depth of 4cm, pulling out the cress seedling by using the thumb and the index finger, and pressing the cress rhizosphere soil.
(5) Field management: (1) and (3) seedling preservation: if the transplanting condition is not ideal, timely replanting the seedlings, and keeping the density of 6cm multiplied by 6cm; (2) water content management: keeping the soil in a water layer with the depth of 5cm in 15d at the early growth stage of cress, keeping the water layer with the depth of 1 cm in other periods, and cutting off water 2 weeks before harvesting; (3) pest control: the insect pest of cress is mainly aphids, 50% of pirimiphos wettable powder l000 times liquid and 40% of dimethoate missible oil l000 times liquid are applied to spray for 1 time alternately at intervals of 7d; (4) and (3) controlling weeds: the weeds are preferably manually removed by combining field operation.
(6) Harvesting: and (5) harvesting after 8 months and 20 days when the height of the field cress is 33 cm. And harvesting the products on the upper part of the ground from the ground by using a sickle.
2. Planting later-cropping autumn buckwheat
(1) Fine land preparation: the depth of the furrows is 10-15cm, a drilling mode is adopted, the row spacing is 30cm, the residue and weeds of the previous crops are removed, the soil surface is loose, each ridge is 2m, and furrowing and drainage are carried out among the ridges.
(2) And (3) reasonable fertilization: (1) applying enough base fertilizer: the base fertilizer is mainly inorganic fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%, weight ratio of N to P to K is 152(ii) a (2) Topdressing: the topdressing time is the filling period of the tartary buckwheat, and the dosage of the topdressing inorganic fertilizer is 200kg/hm2。
(3) Seed selection: selecting fine seeds, namely seeds without empty grains, broken grains, grass grains and impurities, selecting relatively full seeds, and performing sun planting 1d in advance.
(4) Seed soaking: washing seeds with 28 deg.C clear water for 3 times in the seeding period, soaking seed in water 3 times more than the seed volume, changing water for 2 times in the soaking process, slightly rubbing, rinsing off mucilage on the seed coat, preventing damage to the seed coat, and air drying after washing.
(5) Sowing: after harvesting cress within 8 months and 20 days, sowing tartary buckwheat in a drill sowing mode, wherein the sowing quantity of seeds is 38.0kg/hm2。
(6) Field management: (1) and (3) seedling preservation: if the seedling emergence situation is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings is needed, and 100 basic seedlings per square meter are maintained; (2) intertillage weeding: weeding when the tartary buckwheat grows to the seedling stage; (3) water content management: watering once the day after sowing, and making rainfall naturally in other periods; (3) and (3) pest control: the disease and insect damage of the tartary buckwheat are less, and the control is not needed.
(7) Harvesting: and harvesting when 75% of tartary buckwheat seeds in the field are mature.
Example 2
1. Cultivation of cress
(1) Land preparation: after harvesting spring buckwheat for 10 days after 6 months, turning over the land by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and circumferential ditches with the width and depth of 30cm are formed around the field block; injecting water, keeping a water layer with the depth of 3cm, raking the mud surface, and removing weeds; and dividing cells, wherein the area of each cell is 10m multiplied by 2m, and the interval between the cells is 30cm.
(2) Fertilizer dosage and period: applying a ternary compound fertilizer (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, N: P) before field planting of cress2O5：K2The weight ratio of O is 10:15:20 600kg/hm2And 450kg/hm of organic fertilizer2As a base fertilizer; transplanting cress to survive, and broadcasting 120kg/hm after new leaves are extracted2Urea and 180kg/hm2Organic fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer.
(3) Selecting seedlings: selecting cress seedlings with the plant height of about 14cm from the seed reserving field, keeping leaves intact and free of plant diseases and insect pests, and slightly pulling out the cress seedlings to ensure the integrity of root systems as much as possible.
(4) Transplanting: transplanting time is that after the spring buckwheat is harvested, a single plant is planted, and planting density is 6cm multiplied by 6cm; clamping the root of the cress seedling by using a thumb and an index finger, lightly pressing the cress seedling into the soil with the depth of 4cm, pulling out the cress seedling by using the thumb and the index finger, and pressing the cress rhizosphere soil.
(5) And (3) field management: (1) and (3) seedling preservation: if the transplanting condition is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings, and keeping the density of 6cm multiplied by 6cm; (2) water content management: keeping the soil in a water layer with the depth of 4cm in 15 days at the early growth stage of the cress, keeping the water layer with the depth of 1.5cm in other periods, and cutting off water 2 weeks before harvesting; (3) pest control: the insect pest of cress is mainly aphid, and l000 times of solution of 40% pirimiphos wettable powder and l000 times of solution of 30% dimethoate missible oil are applied for alternate spraying for 1 time at intervals of 7d; (4) and (3) controlling weeds: the weeds are preferably manually pulled out by combining field operation.
(6) Harvesting: and harvesting after 8 months and 20 days when the height of the field cress is 30cm. And harvesting the products on the upper part of the ground from the ground by using a sickle.
2. Planting later-cropping autumn buckwheat
(1) Fine land preparation: the depth of the furrows is 10-15cm, the row spacing is 30cm by adopting a drilling mode, the residue and the weeds of the previous crops are removed, the soil surface is loose, each ridge is 2m, and furrows are formed among the ridges for drainage.
(2) And (3) reasonable fertilization: (1) applying enough base fertilizer: the base fertilizer is mainly inorganic fertilizer (nitrogen phosphorus potassium ternary compound fertilizer, total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%, weight ratio of N to P to K is 10: 20) and the dosage is 330kg/hm2(ii) a (2) Topdressing: the topdressing time is the filling period of the tartary buckwheat, and the dosage of the topdressing inorganic fertilizer is 180kg/hm2。
(3) Seed selection: selecting fine seeds, namely seeds without empty grains, broken grains, grass grains and impurities, selecting relatively full seeds, and performing sun planting 1d in advance.
(4) Seed soaking: washing seeds with 28 deg.C clear water for 3 times in the seeding period, soaking seed in water 3 times more than the seed volume, changing water for 2 times in the soaking process, slightly rubbing, rinsing off mucilage on the seed coat, preventing damage to the seed coat, and air drying after washing.
(5) Sowing: after harvesting cress for 20 days in 8 months, sowing tartary buckwheat in a drill sowing mode, wherein the seed sowing quantity is 35.0kg/hm2。
(6) And (3) field management: (1) and (3) seedling preservation: if the seedling emergence condition is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings is needed, and 90 basic seedlings per square meter are maintained; (2) intertillage weeding: weeding when the tartary buckwheat grows to the seedling stage; (3) water content management: watering once the day after sowing, and making rainfall naturally in other periods; (3) and (3) pest control: the disease and insect damage of the tartary buckwheat are less, and the control is not needed.
(7) Harvesting: and harvesting when 75% of tartary buckwheat seeds in the field are mature.
Example 3
1. Cress cultivation
(1) Land preparation: after harvesting spring buckwheat in 5 days after 6 months, turning the land by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and circumferential ditches with the width and the depth of 30cm are formed around the field; injecting water, keeping a water layer with the depth of 3cm, raking the mud surface, and removing weeds; and dividing cells, wherein the area of each cell is 10m multiplied by 2m, and the interval between the cells is 30cm.
(2) Fertilizer dosage and period: applying a ternary compound fertilizer (total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, N: P) before field planting of cress2O5：K2The weight ratio of O is 15:20:10 800kg/hm2And 350kg/hm of organic fertilizer2As a base fertilizer; transplanting Oenanthe Javanica to survival, spraying 80kg/hm2 urea and 220kg/hm after new leaves are extracted2Organic fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer.
(3) Selecting seedlings: selecting cress seedlings with the plant height of about 16cm from the seed reserving field, keeping the leaves intact and free of plant diseases and insect pests, and slightly pulling out the cress seedlings to ensure the integrity of the root system as much as possible.
(4) Transplanting: transplanting time is that after the spring buckwheat is harvested, a single plant is planted, and planting density is 6cm multiplied by 6cm; clamping the root of the cress seedling by using a thumb and an index finger, lightly pressing the cress seedling into the soil with the depth of 6cm, pulling out the cress seedling by using the thumb and the index finger, and pressing the cress rhizosphere soil.
(5) Field management: (1) and (3) seedling preservation: if the transplanting condition is not ideal, timely replanting the seedlings, and keeping the density of 6cm multiplied by 6cm; (2) water content management: keeping the soil in a water layer with the depth of 5cm in 15d of the early growth stage of the cress, keeping the water layer with the depth of 1 cm in other periods, and cutting off water 2 weeks before harvesting; (3) pest control: the insect pest of cress is mainly aphids, 60% of pirimicarb wettable powder l000 times liquid and 50% of dimethoate missible oil l000 times liquid are applied to spray for 1 time alternately at intervals of 7d; (4) controlling the weeds: the weeds are preferably manually removed by combining field operation.
(6) Harvesting: and (5) harvesting after 8 months and 20 days when the height of field cress is 35 cm. And harvesting the products on the upper part of the ground from the ground by using a sickle.
2. Planting later-cropping autumn buckwheat
(1) Fine land preparation: the depth of the furrows is 10-15cm, the row spacing is 30cm by adopting a drilling mode, the residue and the weeds of the previous crops are removed, the soil surface is loose, each ridge is 2m, and furrows are formed among the ridges for drainage.
(2) And (3) reasonable fertilization: (1) applying enough base fertilizer: the base fertilizer mainly uses inorganic fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, total nutrient)Not less than 45%, N: p: the weight ratio of K is 15:20:10 In an amount of 350kg/hm2(ii) a (2) Topdressing: the additional fertilizer is applied in the filling period of tartary buckwheat, and the amount of the inorganic fertilizer applied is 180kg/hm2。
(3) Seed selection: selecting fine seeds, namely seeds without empty grains, broken grains, grass grains and impurities, selecting relatively full seeds, and performing sun planting 1d in advance.
(4) Seed soaking: washing seeds with clear water of 28 deg.C for 2 times in the seeding period, soaking seeds in water in an amount 3 times larger than the seed volume, changing water for 1 time in the seed soaking process, gently scrubbing, rinsing off mucus on the seed coat, and drying after washing.
(5) Sowing: after harvesting cress for 20 days in 8 months, sowing tartary buckwheat in a drill sowing mode, wherein the sowing quantity of seeds is 40.0kg/hm2。
(6) Field management: (1) and (3) seedling preservation: if the seedling emergence situation is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings is needed, and 110 basic seedlings per square meter are maintained; (2) intertillage weeding: weeding when the tartary buckwheat grows to the seedling stage; (3) water content management: after sowing, watering once the day, and making rainfall naturally in the rest period; (3) and (3) pest control: the disease and insect damage of the tartary buckwheat are less, and the control is not needed.
(7) Harvesting: and harvesting when 75% of tartary buckwheat seeds in the field are ripe.
The experimental scheme is as follows:
1. influence of antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content of autumn buckwheat leaves of later-harvest
1.1 test materials and reagent instrumentation
1.1.1 test materials
The leaf of the later-stubble buckwheat main stem is from the top to the bottom on the 3 rd section.
Test reagent
Disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, methionine, EDTA-Na2Riboflavin, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), 2-methoxyphenol, 30% H2O2、Trichloroacetic acid, thiobarbituric acid, ceramic small mortar, 10ml glass test tube, 5ml centrifuge tube, 2ml centrifuge tube, 10ml centrifuge tube
1.1.3 test apparatus
Spectrophotometer, bench centrifuge.
Test method
1.2.1 SOD enzyme activity assay
1.2.1.1 Enzyme liquid extraction
Weighing 0.2g (optionally adjusted) sample (fresh leaves), cleaning, placing in a precooled mortar, adding 1.6ml (0.6 ml, 0.5 ml) of 50mmol/L precooled phosphate buffer (pH7.8) in three times, grinding in an ice bath to homogenate, transferring into a centrifuge tube, centrifuging at 4 ℃ and 12000g for 20min, and obtaining supernatant as SOD crude extract.
1.2.1.2 Enzyme Activity assay
(1) Preparing a reaction mixed solution: 162ml of the prepared Met solution is taken respectively26ml of solution, 6ml of NBT solution and 6ml of riboflavin solution are mixed and fully shaken up;
(2) 3ml of the reaction mixture and 40. Mu.l of the enzyme solution (which can be adjusted as appropriate) were taken out of the vial; two control tubes were simultaneously prepared, wherein 3ml of the reaction mixture and 40. Mu.l of PBS (without enzyme solution) were added to 1 tube as the maximum photoreduction tube, and 3ml of the reaction mixture and 40. Mu.l of PBS were added to 1 tube while the tube was wrapped with tinfoil paper and shielded from light for zero adjustment during measurement.
(3) Placing the test tube in a light incubator to react for 20min under 4000 lux illumination at 25 ℃;
(4) After completion of the reaction, the absorbance (OD) at 560nm of each tube was measured by zeroing the tube with an unirradiated control tube560）
1.2.1.3. The result of the calculation
The SOD activity unit is known to be an enzyme activity unit (U) of 50% inhibition of photochemical reduction of NBT, and the activity is calculated as follows
n=[(ODmax-OD560)/ODmax]/2
SOD total activity = [ (a)ck-AE )×V]/（1/2Ack×W×Vt）
SOD specific activity = SOD total activity/protein content
Total SOD activity is expressed as fresh weight enzyme units per gram (μ/g FW); specific activity units are expressed as enzyme units per milligram of protein; a. TheckThe absorbance of the irradiation control tube; a. TheEIs the absorbance of the sample tube; v is the total amount of the sample solutionVolume (ml); vt is the amount (ml) of enzyme solution used in the measurement; w is the sample fresh weight (g); the protein content is in mg/g.
1.2.2 POD enzyme Activity assay
1.2.2.1. Enzyme liquid extraction
Weighing 0.2g (optionally adjusted) of sample (fresh leaves), cleaning, placing in a precooled mortar, adding 1.6ml (0.6 ml, 0.5 ml) of 50mmol/L precooled phosphate buffer (pH7.8) in three times, grinding in an ice bath to homogenate, transferring into a centrifuge tube, and centrifuging at 4 ℃ and 12000g for 20min, wherein the supernatant is the enzyme crude extract.
1.2.2.2. Enzyme activity assay
(1) Preparing a reaction mixed solution: adding 50ml PBS (pH6.0, 0.2M) buffer solution into beaker, adding 28 μ l guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) on magnetic stirrer, heating and stirring until dissolved guaiacol is dissolved, cooling solution, adding 19 μ l30% H2O2And mixing, and storing in refrigerator.
(2) And (3) enzyme activity determination: 3ml of the reaction solution was taken and 40. Mu.l of the enzyme solution was added thereto to measure OD470The value was changed at 40 seconds. The PBS is used for replacing enzyme liquid as contrast for zero adjustment,
1.2.2.3. the result of the calculation
The OD value (rise) per min was 0.01 as 1 enzyme activity unit (. Mu.). The activity was calculated as follows
POD activity = (Δ a470 × Vt)/(W × Vs × 0.01 × t) (μ/g FW)
Δ A470: is the change in absorbance over the reaction time; w is the sample fresh weight (g); t is reaction time (min); vt is total volume (ml) of the extracted enzyme solution; vs is the volume of enzyme solution (ml) taken up at the time of the assay.
1.2.3 Determination of malondialdehyde content
Cutting 0.5g sample (fresh leaves) into pieces, placing into a mortar, adding 5ml 5% TCA solution, grinding into homogenate, transferring into a centrifuge tube, and centrifuging at 3000r/min for 20min;
taking 2ml of the supernatant, adding equal volume of 0.67% TBA (thiobarbituric acid) into a centrifuge tube, mixing, boiling in a boiling water bath at 100 deg.C for 30min, rapidly cooling with cold water, and centrifuging at 3000r/min for 10min;
measuring OD value of the supernatant at 450nm, 532nm and 600nm (zeroing with deionized water);
calculating the MDA content in the tissue:
MDA concentration C (umol/L) =6.45 (OD)532-OD600)-0.56OD450
MDA content (umol/g FW) = CxV/W
Wherein V is the volume of the extract (1.8 ml) and W is the fresh weight of the sample (0.5 g).
2. The conclusions are given in Table 4 below:
TABLE 1 influence of different rotation ways on the antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content of autumn buckwheat leaves of later generations
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the local conventional cultivation mode (i.e., no crop rotation), the water-drought crop rotation mode adopted by using cress as the crop rotation of the previous crop can obviously improve the SOD and POD activities of the tartary buckwheat leaves and reduce the content of malondialdehyde, which indicates that the water-drought crop rotation can reduce the continuous cropping damage of the autumn tartary buckwheat of the later crop.
2. Compared with the local conventional cultivation mode
1. Compared with the conventional local cultivation mode (i.e. crop rotation-free crop), the cress is adopted as the crop rotation of the previous crop, the development of the root system of the tartary buckwheat of the later crop can be obviously promoted by adopting the water and drought crop rotation cultivation mode, and the growth is represented by the increase of the length, the surface area, the volume and the average diameter of the root system, which can be seen in table 1.
TABLE 2 influence of different rotation ways on root morphology of autumn buckwheat in later period
| Treatment of | Length/cm | Surface area/cm 2 | Volume/cm 3 | Average diameter/mm |
| Crop rotation-free previous crop (CK, local conventional) | 71.40 | 9.89 | 0.207 | 0.405 |
| Cress-autumn buckwheat paddy-upland rotation mode | 90.08 | 13.48 | 0.354 | 0.551 |
2. Compared with the local conventional cultivation mode (i.e. no crop rotation), the cress is adopted as the previous crop rotation crop, the paddy-upland rotation cultivation mode can obviously promote the growth and development of the upper part of the succeeding tartary buckwheat field, and the growth and development are shown as the obvious increase of the plant height, the main stem node number and the main stem branch number, and the yield is improved by 1.51 times, which is shown in table 2.
TABLE 3 influence of different rotation ways on agronomic characters and yield of autumn buckwheat of later crops
| Treatment of | Plant height (cm) | Number of main stem nodes | Number of main stem branches | Yield (kg/hm)2） |
| Crop rotation-free previous crop (CK, local conventional) | 62.05 | 9.25 | 4.43 | 1238.1 |
| Cress-autumn buckwheat paddy-upland rotation mode | 85.52 | 14.63 | 7.05 | 1872.6 |
3. In the empty stubble period of about 2.5 months after spring buckwheat, cress with shorter growth period can be planted in a rush mode, the yield per mu is 6091.5 yuan, the cost is reduced by about 500 yuan/mu, the net income can be increased by 5591.5 yuan/mu, and the table 3 can be seen.
TABLE 4 analysis of economic benefits after paddy-upland rotation
| Treatment of | Yield of cress (kg/mu) | Yield value of cress (yuan) |
| Crop rotation without previous crop (CK, local conventional) | 0 | 0 |
| Cress-autumn buckwheat paddy-upland rotation mode | 2436.6 | 6091.5 |
Note: the yield value of cress is calculated according to the lowest price of 2.5 yuan/kg in the market.
Claims (10)
1. A paddy-upland rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress is characterized in that: the cultivation technology is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) After the tartary buckwheat is harvested in the first ten days of 6 months, soil preparation is carried out, cress are planted after seed selection, fertilization and field management are carried out in the period, and cress are harvested in the middle and last ten days of 8 months;
(2) After harvesting cress in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, performing land preparation again, performing seed soaking treatment after tartary buckwheat seeds are selected in autumn, then performing tartary buckwheat planting in autumn, applying fertilizer and performing field management during the period, and harvesting after tartary buckwheat seeds are mature.
2. The rice-upland field rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1): the land preparation method comprises the following steps: in the last 6 th month, after the tartary buckwheat is harvested in spring, turning the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and circumferential ditches with the width and depth of 30cm are formed around the field; injecting water, keeping a water layer with the depth of 3cm, raking the mud surface, removing weeds, dividing cells, wherein the area of each cell is 10m multiplied by 2m, the interval between the cells is 30cm, and waiting for standby sowing.
3. The water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1): the cress selection and planting method comprises the following steps: selecting cress seedlings with plant height of 14-16cm and intact leaves without plant diseases and insect pests from a seed reserving field, slightly pulling out the cress seedlings to ensure the completeness of root systems as much as possible, and sowing the cress seedlings in a land to be sowed by adopting a single-plant field planting mode, wherein the planting density is 6cm multiplied by 6cm; clamping the root of the cress seedling by using a thumb and an index finger, slightly pressing the cress seedling into the soil with the depth of 3.5-4.5cm, pulling out the thumb and the index finger, pressing the cress rhizosphere soil in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, harvesting when the height of the cress is 30-35cm, and harvesting the upper product of the ground from the ground by using a sickle.
4. The water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1): the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying 600-800kg/hm of ternary compound fertilizer before cress planting2And 350-450kg/hm of organic fertilizer2As a base fertilizer, the total nutrient of the ternary compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ternary compound fertilizer is prepared from N: p2O5：K2O =10-20:10-20:10-20 parts of a composition; transplanting Oenanthe stolonifera to survive, and broadcasting 80-120kg/hm after new leaves are extracted2Urea and 150-250kg/hm2Organic fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer.
5. The water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1): the field management method of cress comprises the following steps: the transplanting condition of the cress is not reasonable, the seedlings are supplemented in time, and the density of 6cm multiplied by 6cm is kept; keeping the soil in a water layer with the depth of 4-6cm in 15d of the early growth stage of the cress, keeping the water layer with the depth of 0.5-1.5cm in other periods, and cutting off water 2 weeks before harvesting; spraying 1000 times of solution of 40-60% pirimiphos wettable powder and 1000 times of solution of 30-40% dimethoate emulsifiable solution alternately for 1 time for deinsectization, wherein each time is 7d; the weeds are manually pulled out in combination with field operation.
6. The water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2): the land preparation method comprises the following steps: the depth of the furrows is 10-15cm, the row spacing is 30cm by adopting a drilling mode, the residue and the weeds of the previous crops are removed, the soil surface is loose, the furrows are dug and drained between every two ridges, and the sowing is waited for.
7. The rice-upland field rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (2): the method for selecting and soaking seeds of tartary buckwheat in autumn comprises the following steps: removing empty seeds, broken seeds, grass seeds and impurities, selecting relatively full fine seeds, washing the seeds for 1d in the sun, washing the seeds for 2-4 times by using clear water at 28 ℃, adding water for soaking the seeds, wherein the water soaking amount is more than 3 times of the seed volume, changing the water for 1-3 times in the seed soaking process, slightly rubbing and washing, rinsing off mucus on seed coats, preventing the seed coats from being damaged, cleaning and airing, and preparing for sowing.
8. The rice-upland field rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (2): the sowing method of tartary buckwheat in autumn comprises the following steps: sowing seeds of Fagopyrum tataricum to be sowed to the land to be sowed by drill sowing with the seed sowing amount of 35.0-40.0kg/hm2。
9. The water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2): the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied before the tartary buckwheat is planted in autumn, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is N according to the weight ratio: p: k =10-20:10-20:10-20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, 250-350kg/hm2(ii) a The top dressing time is the filling period of the tartary buckwheat, and the dosage of the inorganic fertilizer is 150-250kg/hm & lt 2 & gt.
10. The water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2): a field management method of tartary buckwheat in autumn comprises the following steps: timely replanting seedlings in case of emergence of seedlings, and maintaining 90-110 basic seedlings per square meter; weeding when the tartary buckwheat grows to the seedling stage; after sowing, water is poured thoroughly the same day, and the water falls naturally in the rest period.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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