CN103782774B - The plantation of scale peppermint and peppermint oil extracting method - Google Patents
The plantation of scale peppermint and peppermint oil extracting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782774B CN103782774B CN201410041960.2A CN201410041960A CN103782774B CN 103782774 B CN103782774 B CN 103782774B CN 201410041960 A CN201410041960 A CN 201410041960A CN 103782774 B CN103782774 B CN 103782774B
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- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOMSMJKLGFBRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentazone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NS(=O)(=O)N(C(C)C)C(=O)C2=C1 ZOMSMJKLGFBRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- MFSWTRQUCLNFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl MFSWTRQUCLNFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000014749 Mentha crispa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000078639 Mentha spicata Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241001072983 Mentha Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001878 Mentha haplocalyx Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000280293 Mentha haplocalyx Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001183990 Mesosphaerum suaveolens Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001024099 Olla Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005591 Pendimethalin Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001771 mentha piperita Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pendimethalin Chemical compound CCC(CC)NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses the plantation of a kind of scale peppermint and peppermint oil extracting method, comprising: step one: cultivate peppermint seedling; Step 2: each strain seedling is cut into the little seedling of N section, guarantees that each section little seedling has bud above, continues to cultivate; Step 3: seedling is transplanted in green house; Step 4: carry out cuttage and seedling culture; Step 5: peppermint seedling is transplanted to large field; Step 6: the peppermint kind root in large field is all taken out; Step 7: peppermint kind root is seeded into the large Tanaka of open country; Step 8: peppermint is irrigated; Step 9: peppermint is applied fertilizer; Step 10: kill weeds; Step 11: after the little Hua on the spike of peppermint has and blooms, start to gather in; Step 12: carry out peppermint distillation work; Step 13: obtain peppermint oil.The inventive method can adapt to the plantation of extensive peppermint and the production of peppermint oil, and efficient high yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to peppermint field of planting, in particular, relate to the efficient high yield peppermint plantation of a kind of scale and peppermint oil extracting method.
Background technology
Several peppermint cultivated speciess conventional both at home and abroad at present, comprise American mint (formal name used at school is MenthapiperitaLinn.), asia peppermint (formal name used at school is MenthahaplocalyxBriq. or MenthaarvensisLinn.), spearmint (formal name used at school is MenthaspicataLinn.), the kinds such as Scotland spearmint (formal name used at school is MenthacardiacaLinn).They are the cultivars belonging to Labiatae Mentha, and owing to containing volatile terpenoid in its blade, therefore can therefrom extract Peppermint essential oil and spearmint essential oil, its essential oil is widely used in food, cosmetics, tobacco and medicine and other fields.China is among the people the cultivation of peppermint and the extraction history of peppermint oil very early, but logical product is all small-scale plantation in units of family and produces.The cultivated area of single family is little, generally about 10 mu of ground.Corresponding peppermint oil extracting mode is also more original, and the general olla being similar to white liquor distilling that adopts extracts.Such mode of production obviously cannot meet industrial age for this raw-material demand of peppermint oil.
The peppermint plantation carrying out scale is extracted with peppermint oil, needs the technical problem underlying solved to have sowing, field management, results and peppermint oil to distill this four processes.The first, the sowing of peppermint mainly relies on peppermint kind root.Be exactly specifically after the abnormal stem that peppermint is positioned at underground digs out, then be seeded into inside new soil and go.This species transformation stem, is commonly referred to as kind of a root because it is positioned at underground, form and root similar.In botany category, it is actually a species transformation form of peppermint stem.How in the short period of time, obtain sufficient amount, high-quality kind root, and planting in soil by these kind of root, is the subject matter that this link faces.The second, for the peppermint plantation of scale, the importance of field management is self-evident.How reasonably to carry out irrigating, applying fertilizer and weeding, being three central task of field management, is also the technical barrier that it faces.3rd, to the harvest season, how effective ground gets up peppermint ripe in soil grass results, and this relates to again the technical problems such as the time point of results, the mode of results and method.In addition, in peppermint process of growth, also containing a large amount of peppermint oils inside the peppermint leaf dropped on the ground, how to be collected by these peppermint blades is also a technical barrier.4th, as how lower cost, being distilled within the short time of regulation by the peppermint of gathering in the crops in enormous quantities grass, to obtain most high oil recovery and best peppermint oil quality, is the main difficult technical that this link faces.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the technical problem existed in above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of scale peppermint to plant and peppermint oil extracting method, extensive (more than the 500 mu cultivated areas) plantation of peppermint and the production of peppermint oil can be adapted to, and efficient high yield.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of scale peppermint plantation and peppermint oil extracting method, comprise step as follows:
Step one: cultivate the some strains of indoor culture peppermint seedling artificial;
Step 2: when peppermint seedling grows tall, is cut into the little seedling of N section by each strain seedling, guarantees that each section little seedling has bud above, continue to put into and manually cultivate indoor culture, through this step, original some strain seedlings can be increased to N doubly, wherein N >=3;
Step 3: seedling step 2 obtained is transplanted in green house according to certain spacing in the rows and line-spacing;
Step 4: the peppermint seedling obtained with step 3 is raw material, carries out cuttage and seedling culture, cultivates peppermint seedling;
Step 5: peppermint seedling step 4 cultivated is transplanted to large field according to certain spacing in the rows and line-spacing;
Step 6: after growth after a while, peppermint kind root is formed in underground, is at this moment all taken out by the peppermint kind root in large field;
Step 7: according to a line spacing, is seeded into the large Tanaka of open country to be sowed by the peppermint kind root taken out in step 6;
Step 8: peppermint is irrigated according to the water yield required in peppermint process of growth;
Step 9: peppermint is applied fertilizer according to fertilizing amount required in peppermint process of growth;
Step 10: kill the weeds in peppermint process of growth;
Step 11: after the little Hua on the spike of peppermint has and blooms, start to gather in;
Step 12: carry out peppermint distillation work;
Step 13: adopt peppermint oil stram condenser and peppermint oil separator, obtain peppermint oil.
The beneficial effect that the present invention brings is as follows:
One is scale, the main body that the present invention can make peppermint plant, and no matter is individual, unit or company, can carries out to scale plantation and the peppermint oil activity in production of peppermint, and the scale effect of managing is maximized;
Two is that cost is low, owing to have employed a large amount of new technology, the invention enables peppermint grower can no longer employ a large amount of labour to produce, but farthest carries out mechanized operation, greatly reduce production cost;
Three is efficient, the invention enables peppermint grower from nursery, rapidly cultivated area can be expanded to the scale of more than 500 mu, forms benefit, overcomes that agricultural production has high input, bring benefits slow shortcoming.
Embodiment
Below by way of specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail.
One embodiment of the invention illustrates to plant 500 mu of peppermints, implements according to following steps:
Step one: by the mode of tissue cultures, cultivates the strain of indoor culture peppermint high quality seedling about 2000 artificial;
Step 2: when peppermint seedling grows tall high to 6-9 centimetre, each strain seedling is cut into three sections of little seedlings, guarantee that each section little seedling has bud above, then each section little seedling is all transplanted in seedling-cultivating tray, transparent vinyl cover is covered again to seedling-cultivating tray, then continue to put into manually to cultivate indoor culture, through this step, original 2000 strain seedlings can be become 6000 strains;
Step 3: 6000 strain seedlings step 2 obtained are transplanted in about 400 square metres of green houses according to the spacing in the rows of 25 centimetres and the line-spacing of 25 centimetres;
Step 4: the peppermint seedling obtained with step 3 is raw material, carries out cuttage and seedling culture, cultivates about 380,000 strain peppermint seedlings;
Step 5: the large field 380,000 strain peppermint seedlings being transplanted to about 50 mu, line-spacing is 35 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 25 centimetres;
Step 6: after growth in 3-4 month, peppermint kind root is formed in underground, at this moment adopts peppermint kind root digging machine, is all taken out by the peppermint kind root in 50 mu of large fields of open country;
Step 7: 500 mu of large Tanakas of open country to be sowed, apply fertilizer to the subsoil according to the amount of every mu of application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 20 kilograms and potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer 5 kilograms, also to use weed killer herbicide Pendimethalin according to the consumption of every mu of 140 grams of active ingredients in addition, then peppermint kind root sower is adopted, according to 50 centimetres of line-spacings, peppermint kind root is seeded into 500 mu of large Tanakas of open country;
Step 8: according to the peppermint season of growth gross water requirement of 1000 cubic metres/mu, deduct the precipitation in local April to July, obtain the water yield needing man-made irrigation, be evenly distributed in the middle of peppermint Growing season in April 1 to about 100 days on the 10th July, irrigate according to every frequency of watering a water for 10 days, such as, inquiry obtains planting the precipitation in local April to July and is generally 525 millimeters, converting every mu of precipitation obtained is 350 cubic metres, the water yield then manually should irrigated is 1000 cubic metres and deducts 350 cubic metres, it is 650 cubic metres/mu, so, from April 1, a water is irrigated every 10 days, stopped to July 10, 10 times altogether, then each water yield of irrigating is 65 cubic metres/mu,
Step 9: peppermint grows to height of seedling 10 centimetres, first time should be carried out topdress, cultivator-fertilizer every mu is adopted to topdress 5 kilograms, urea, peppermint grows to height of seedling 30 centimetres, at this moment should carry out second time and topdress, and adopts cultivator-fertilizer every mu to topdress 7 kilograms, urea, peppermint grows to height of seedling 50 centimetres, at this moment should topdress for the last time, in conjunction with watering, 13 kilograms, urea is executed in every mu of punching;
Step 10: in peppermint two leaf stage, grassy weed 3 to 5 leaf phase, every mu of use 10.8% haloxyfop-methyl missible oil 90 milliliters prevents and kill off perennial grassy weed, be watered even spraying and kill grassy weed, 3 to the 4 leaf phases after broadleaf weed seedling, every mu of use 48% Bentazon liquor 250 milliliters, is watered spraying and kills broadleaf weed;
Step 11: before and after August 5, the little Hua on the spike of peppermint starts to gather in after having 30% to bloom, at this moment the peppermint grass gathered in has the peppermint oil of performance optimal, oil yield is also higher, adopts peppermint distillation car to carry out collecting and transporting, guarantee to have gathered in the crops in 20 days during harvesting;
Step 12: after normal harvest, adopts peppermint blade recycling machine to be reclaimed by the peppermint blade dropped on the ground, then carries out follow-up distillation work;
Step 13: the peppermint grass of results and the peppermint blade of recovery, distillation place is transported to immediately by peppermint distillation car, the steam adopting high-pressure boiler to produce passes in distillation railway carriage, then adopts vertical peppermint oil stram condenser and peppermint oil separator, obtains peppermint oil;
Step 14: poured into by the peppermint oil obtained at the bottom of peppermint oil stillpot, as a child, loaded in pail pack by the peppermint oil eliminating impurity and moisture, the production of peppermint oil terminates precipitation 24.
Above-described embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, but and is not used in the protection domain limiting claim.Every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the plantation of scale peppermint and a peppermint oil extracting method, is characterized in that, comprise step as follows:
Step one: cultivate the some strains of indoor culture peppermint seedling artificial;
Step 2: when peppermint seedling grows tall, is cut into the little seedling of N section by each strain seedling, guarantees that each section little seedling has bud above, continue to put into and manually cultivate indoor culture, through this step, original some strain seedlings can be increased to N doubly, wherein N >=3;
Step 3: seedling step 2 obtained is transplanted in green house according to certain spacing in the rows and line-spacing;
Step 4: the peppermint seedling obtained with step 3 is raw material, carries out cuttage and seedling culture, cultivates peppermint seedling;
Step 5: peppermint seedling step 4 cultivated is transplanted to large field according to certain spacing in the rows and line-spacing;
Step 6: after growth after a while, peppermint kind root is formed in underground, is at this moment taken out by the peppermint kind root in large field;
Step 7: according to a line spacing, is seeded into the large Tanaka of open country to be sowed by the peppermint kind root taken out in step 6;
Step 8: peppermint is irrigated according to the water yield required in peppermint process of growth;
Step 9: peppermint is applied fertilizer according to fertilizing amount required in peppermint process of growth;
Step 10: kill the weeds in peppermint process of growth;
Step 11: after the little Hua on the spike of peppermint has and blooms, start to gather in;
Step 12: carry out peppermint distillation work;
Step 13: adopt peppermint oil stram condenser and peppermint oil separator, obtain peppermint oil.
2. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method, is characterized in that, also comprise step 14: the peppermint oil obtained is removed impurity and moisture.
3. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method, is characterized in that, described step 7, adopts peppermint kind root sower that peppermint kind root is seeded into the large Tanaka of open country to be sowed.
4. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method, is characterized in that, described step 7, before peppermint kind root is seeded into open country land for growing field crops to be sowed, applies fertilizer to the subsoil to open country land for growing field crops and cut weeds.
5. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method; it is characterized in that; the concrete grammar of described step 8 is: according to the peppermint season of growth gross water requirement of 1000 cubic metres/mu; deduct the precipitation in local April to July; obtain the water yield needing man-made irrigation; be evenly distributed in the middle of peppermint Growing season in April 1 to about 100 days on the 10th July, irrigated according to every frequency of watering a water for 10 days.
6. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method; it is characterized in that, the concrete grammar of described step 9 is: peppermint grows to height of seedling 10 centimetres, carries out first time and topdresses; cultivator-fertilizer every mu is adopted to topdress 5 kilograms, urea; peppermint grows to height of seedling 30 centimetres, carries out second time and topdresses, and adopts cultivator-fertilizer every mu to topdress 7 kilograms, urea; peppermint grows to height of seedling 50 centimetres; topdress for the last time, in conjunction with watering, 13 kilograms, urea is executed in every mu of punching.
7. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method; it is characterized in that; the concrete grammar of described step 10 is: in peppermint two leaf stage, grassy weed 3 to 5 leaf phase; every mu of use 10.8% haloxyfop-methyl missible oil 90 milliliters prevents and kill off perennial grassy weed; be watered even spraying and kill grassy weed; 3 to the 4 leaf phases after broadleaf weed seedling, every mu of use 48% Bentazon liquor 250 milliliters, is watered spraying and kills broadleaf weed.
8. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method; it is characterized in that; the concrete grammar of described step 11 is: after the little Hua on the spike of peppermint has 30% to bloom; start to gather in; adopt peppermint distillation car to carry out collecting and transporting during harvesting, guarantee to have gathered in the crops in 20 days.
9. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method, it is characterized in that, the concrete grammar of described step 12 is: adopt peppermint blade recycling machine to be reclaimed by the peppermint blade dropped on the ground, then carry out follow-up distillation work.
10. scale peppermint plantation according to claim 1 and peppermint oil extracting method; it is characterized in that; the concrete grammar of described step 13 is: by the peppermint of results grass and the peppermint blade reclaimed; distillation place is transported to immediately by peppermint distillation car; the steam adopting high-pressure boiler to produce passes in distillation railway carriage; then adopt vertical peppermint oil stram condenser and peppermint oil separator, obtain peppermint oil.
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| CN104560400A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for extracting peppermint oil |
| CN105647646A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 安徽银丰药业股份有限公司 | Mint leaf extraction technology |
| CN107821048A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-23 | 界首市天艺农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for improving Herba Menthae Haplocalycis volatile oil content |
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| CN101455157A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-17 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Mint high-yield cultivation method |
| CN103385109A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-11-13 | 丹阳华都园艺有限公司 | Mint cultivation method |
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| CN101157880A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2008-04-09 | 上海交通大学 | Aromatic plant essential oil ecological processing method |
| CN101455157A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-17 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Mint high-yield cultivation method |
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