CN103777359B - For the adhesive membrane of optical alignment film orientation process - Google Patents
For the adhesive membrane of optical alignment film orientation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN103777359B CN103777359B CN201410060000.0A CN201410060000A CN103777359B CN 103777359 B CN103777359 B CN 103777359B CN 201410060000 A CN201410060000 A CN 201410060000A CN 103777359 B CN103777359 B CN 103777359B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00634—Production of filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
- G02B30/32—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers characterised by the geometry of the parallax barriers, e.g. staggered barriers, slanted parallax arrays or parallax arrays of varying shape or size
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of adhesive membrane for optical alignment film orientation process, laminated film, the manufacture method of optical filter and optical filter or holographic display device.The present invention can provide a kind of make unoriented rigion minimize and can be formed high precision orientation pattern orientation process adhesive membrane, comprise the laminated film of described orientation process adhesive membrane or use the manufacture method of optical filter of described orientation process adhesive membrane.Further, the present invention can provide a kind of optical filter or holographic display device.
Description
The application is divisional application, and the applying date of its original application is on January 24th, 2011, and application number is 201180006678.5, and name is called " adhesive membrane for optical alignment film orientation process ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adhesive membrane for optical alignment film orientation process, laminated film, the manufacture method of optical filter and optical filter or holographic display device.
The present invention on the January 22nd, 2010 of CLAIM OF PRIORITY on the korean patent application 2010-0005907 basis of Korean application, and includes in herein in full.
Background technology
Holographic display device is the display device that can represent the image with depth perception.Existing image display can only in image display surface performance information, therefore there is the limitation of losing the target depth information that all will show.
Due to holographic display device can in space three-dimensionally display-object, therefore, it is possible to the three-dimensional information of object itself is intactly passed to observer, therefore make the display with vivid effect become possibility.
Stereopsis display technique is divided into spectacle and bore hole formula substantially.Further, spectacle can be divided into polarization type and LC shutter (LCshutterglass), and bore hole formula can be divided into two eye/multiple views binocular parallax formula, volume type (volumetrictype) or holographic formula etc.
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
The object of the present invention is to provide the manufacture method of a kind of adhesive membrane for optical alignment film orientation process, laminated film, optical filter and optical filter or holographic display device.
Solve the method for problem
The present invention relates to a kind of adhesive membrane for optical alignment film orientation process with the base material (substrate) comprising photic zone and shading region.
Below, adhesive membrane of the present invention is described in detail.
Adhesive membrane of the present invention may be used for such as irradiating light to carry out the process of orientation process to optical alignment film.In illustrating at one, above-mentioned adhesive membrane can carry out using in the process of orientation process on optical alignment film, and wherein this orientation process is for the formation of the pattern of the second orientation area of the first orientation area and second direction of orientation different from above-mentioned first direction of orientation that at least comprise the first direction of orientation or the mutually different two or more orientation area of direction of orientation.In above-mentioned orientation process process, the base material being formed with photic zone and shading region can play a kind of mask effect.Particularly, owing to being in adhesive membrane state, therefore, it is possible to carry out orientation process under the state that namely there is not in fact interval under the state that above-mentioned base material is attached at optical alignment film between optical alignment film and base material, thus there is not unoriented rigion, and then high-precision orientation pattern can be formed.
Term " optical alignment film " can comprise as this area use by illumination penetrate comprised molecule can be induced towards the alignment films of all kinds of certain orientation orientation.In illustrating at one, above-mentioned optical alignment film can be following alignment films: carry out induced orientation by the irradiation of polarized ultraviolet such as linear polarization ultraviolet light, and when being formed with liquid-crystal compounds at an upper portion thereof, by inducing the orientation of above-mentioned liquid-crystal compounds with the interaction of liquid-crystal compounds.
In illustrating at one of the present invention, above-mentioned optical alignment film can be the optical filter optical alignment film of holographic display device.Example as the optical filter for holographic display device can enumerate the retardation element (patternedretarder) of patterning.
In the present invention, term " photic zone " refers to the light transmission that can make from base material top or bottom incidence and from the region of opposition side injection, and term " shading region " refers to absorb or to cover and makes it cannot from the region of opposition side injection from the light of base material top or bottom incidence.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the base material 10 that exemplary expression adhesive membrane of the present invention comprises.As shown in Figure 1, adhesive membrane base material 10 comprise the light (representing with arrow in the accompanying drawings) that thickness direction can be made to irradiate through photic zone T and can cover or absorb the shading region B of above-mentioned light.Base material can form more than one above-mentioned photic zone and shading region respectively.
The above-mentioned shading region that base material of the present invention is formed and the shape of photic zone are also not particularly limited, and can decide according to the orientation pattern of target light alignment films.
In illustrating at one of the present invention, above-mentioned photic zone and shading region can have striped (stripe) shape respectively, and can adjacent to each otherly alternately be formed.Fig. 2 is that model utility represents from top and observes the figure that the present invention one illustrates base material.In the base material 10 of figure, photic zone T and shading region B is alternately formed with striated.
When photic zone and shading region are alternately formed with striated, be not specially limited the spacing of above-mentioned zone, the interval (V of Fig. 2) of the interval sum (P of Fig. 2) namely between the live width of a shading region and the shading region be adjacent and adjacent shading region.Further, above-mentioned interval can be decided according to optical alignment film use.
Such as, when above-mentioned optical alignment film is the optical filter optical alignment film of holographic display device, photic zone can be the twice forming the left eye image of above-mentioned holographic display device display part or unit picture element (pixel) width of right eye image with the spacing of the shading region be adjacent.As shown in Figure 6, usual holographic display device such as can comprise the display part as display board 62 and the optical filter 63 as patterning retardation element.Further, as shown in Figure 3, for generating the unit picture element (left eye unit picture element, the UL of Fig. 3) of left eye image and the unit picture element (right eye unit picture element, the UR of Fig. 3) for generating right eye image can alternately be configured at above-mentioned display part with striated.In the present invention, when the optical alignment film being applicable to adhesive membrane is applicable to the optical filter of above-mentioned holographic display device, preferred above-mentioned spacing P has and is worth identical numerical value with the twice of the unit picture element of above-mentioned display part (UR or UL) width (W1 or W2 of Fig. 3).
In the present invention, term " identical " refers to that the essence in the scope not destroying effect of the present invention is identical, such as, comprise the error considering foozle (error) or deviation (variation) etc.
Such as, above-mentioned spacing is identical with the twice of unit picture element width refers to the error comprised within about ± 60 μm, preferably comprises the error within about ± 40 μm, more preferably comprises the error within about ± 20 μm.
By regulating above-mentioned spacing in the manner as described above, after orientation process can be prevented, in alignment films, produce unoriented rigion, and can be formed there is high-precision orientation pattern.Therefore, when the optical filter with above-mentioned alignment films is applicable to holographic display device, the generation of so-called crosstalk (crosstalk) etc. can be prevented.
Further, adjacent in above-mentioned interval, shading region (V of Fig. 2) preferably has the value identical with the width (such as, W1 or W2 of Fig. 3) of the left eye unit picture element of holographic display device display part or right eye unit picture element.Value identical with unit picture element width in above-mentioned refer to aforementioned in essence identical, such as comprise ± 30 μm within error, preferably comprise the error within about ± 20 μm, more preferably comprise the error within about ± 10 μm.Set identical with the width of unit picture element for above-mentioned interval, thus the generation of unoriented rigion when preventing orientation process, and then the orientation pattern with more excellent precision can be formed.Further, when optical filter is used for display device, each polarization conversion section can be effectively corresponding with the unit picture element in left eye use and right eye video generation portion, thus can prevent the generation of crosstalk etc.
The photic zone of base material of the present invention and the shape of shading region are not limited to above-mentioned striated, can change according to other purposes of the form in the video generation portion of holographic display device or applicable optical alignment film of the present invention.
Such as, when optical alignment film of the present invention be used in the optical filter of holographic display device and left eye with and right eye unit picture element is formed as chequer in display part time, above-mentioned shading region still can be configured to chequer in the mode corresponding with above-mentioned pixel with photic zone.Now, the spacing in each region and interval can specify with above-mentioned same way, such as, photic zone in fact can be identical with the twice of the left eye use or right eye unit picture element width that are formed as above-mentioned chequer with the spacing of the shading region be adjacent, and the interval between adjacent shading region in fact can be identical with the width of above-mentioned unit picture element.Above-mentioned spacing and interval can refer to spacing vertical or horizontal in the photic zone arranged with chequer and shading region and interval, and the width of unit picture element can refer to the vertical or horizontal width of above-mentioned pixel.
The base material of adhesive membrane of the present invention such as can comprise light transmission thin plate and on described thin plate, form light-proofness or the light absorptive ink of shading region.
That is, print light-proofness or light absorptive ink according to target pattern at light transmission thin sheet surface, form shading region thus, thus manufacture above-mentioned base material.
Above-mentioned " light transmission thin plate " refer to the light that can make to use in light orientation process such as ultraviolet effectively through thin plate, above-mentioned effectively through the amount that can refer to through the orientation process degree of functioning to optical alignment film.Such as, above-mentioned light transmission thin plate as at the low thin plate of ultraviolet (UV) region absorptance, can be the thin plate of less than 10% to the absorptivity of about below 320nm wavelength light.Such thin plate can exemplify out the cellulose-based thin plate as cellulose triacetate etc. or the alkylene thin plate etc. as norbornene derivative thin plate etc., as long as thin plate can show suitable light transmission be just not limited to above-mentioned thin plate.Above-mentioned light transmission gauge of sheet is not particularly limited, and can suitably select considering in the situations such as object, purposes and penetrability.
Usually, above-mentioned thin plate uses as the base material of diaphragm, in order to prevent the pollution of alignment films and improve orientation in the manufacture process of optical filter.In illustrating at one of the present invention; the base material of said protection film directly forms shading region; to make said protection film, there is while there is defencive function mask function; and pass through the method for irradiation light before or after the attaching of this film; even if do not use extras etc., also high-precision optical filter can be manufactured by simple, large-duty method.
On the one hand, above-mentioned thin plate is formed the ink type of shading region and is not particularly limited, known light-proofness or light absorptive ink can be used.Can enumerate as such ink example comprises as the inorganic pigments such as carbon black (carbonblack), graphite or iron oxide or the ink as organic pigments such as azo group pigment or phthalocyanine base pigment, and above-mentioned ink and bonding agent (binder) and/or solvent (solvent) suitably coordinate and can be used in typography.
Printing process for the formation of above-mentioned shading region is not particularly limited, such as, can use the selectivity injection method of the common printing process such as screen printing or intaglio printing or ink-jetting style.
In the present invention, the printing height of above-mentioned ink can be about 0.1 μm to 4 μm, preferably about 0.5 μm to 2.0 μm.But printing height of the present invention is not subject to the above restrictions.Such as, if above-mentioned printing height is too low, then may reducing shaded effect, if contrary too high, being then difficult to, by adhesive membrane of the present invention for the protection of film, therefore suitably to select printing height when considering these problems.
Adhesive membrane of the present invention can comprise the adhesion layer of at least one side being formed in above-mentioned base material further, and this adhesion layer for being adjacent to above-mentioned base material on optical alignment film.Describedly be adjacent to the meaning referring to as described above and there is not in fact interval between optical alignment film and base material.Fig. 4 is an illustrative sectional view of adhesive membrane of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, adhesive membrane of the present invention can comprise the base material 10 being formed with photic zone T and shading region B and the adhesion layer 20 formed in its base material one side.
Be not particularly limited at the material of the adhesion layer of above-mentioned middle use and its thickness etc., can suitably select in the situations such as orientation process condition considering.Such as above-mentioned adhesion layer as light transmission sticker can be such as acrylic compounds sticker, polyurethanes sticker, polyisobutylene class sticker, as SBR(Styrene-butadienerubber: styrene-butadiene rubber) etc. rubber-like sticker, glymes sticker, epoxy resin sticker, melamine class sticker, polyesters sticker, phenol sticker or silicon class sticker or wherein two or more mixing stickers.
Further, the present invention relates to a kind of optical filter manufacture laminated film, comprising: substrate; Optical alignment film, it is formed on aforesaid substrate; Adhesive membrane of the present invention, it is attached on above-mentioned optical alignment film.
The kind being applicable to the above-mentioned laminated film substrate of the present invention is not particularly limited, such as, can use the usual substrate being applicable to optical filter.Example as this substrate can enumerate common glass substrate or plastic base.Example as above-mentioned plastic base can enumerate TAC(triacetylcellulose: triacetyl cellulose), COP(cycloolefincopolymer: cyclenes copolymer), Pac(Polyacrylate: polyacrylate), PES(polyethersulfone: polyethersulfone), PC(polycarbonate: polycarbonate), PEEK(polyetheretherketon: polyetheretherketone), PMMA(polymethylmethaacrylate: polymethylmethacrylate), PEI(polyetherimide: polyetherimide), PEN(polyethylenemaphthatlate: PEN), PET(polyethyleneterephtalate: polyethylene terephthalate), PI(polyimide: polyimide), PSF(polysulfone: polysulfones), PVA(polyvinylalcohol: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), PAR(polyarylate: poly-aromatic ester) or the substrate etc. of amorphous fluororesin material, but be not limited to this.
In illustrating at one of the present invention, when above-mentioned optical filter is the retardation element of patterning, preferably uses as above-mentioned plastic base and form substrate as follows: there is (-) c plate performance (plateproperty); R
eabout below 10nm, preferably about below 5nm; R
thabout below 300nm, preferably about below 100nm, more preferably from about at below 60nm, more more preferably from about at below 15nm; Refractive index is about 1.33 to 1.53.
Using the slow-axis direction refractive index in base plan as N
x, using the quick shaft direction refractive index in plane as N
y, using thickness direction refractive index as N
zwhen, above-mentioned (-) c plate performance refers to that above-mentioned refractive index meets " N
x=N
y>N
z" performance of relation, Re represents use " (N
x-N
y) × d " value that calculates, R
threpresent with " { (N
x+ N
y/ 2-N
z} × d " value (above-mentioned d is the thickness of substrate) that calculates.
In the present invention, by using, there is above-mentioned optically anisotropic plastic base, such as when optical filter is the retardation element of patterning, its maximizing performance can be made and the crosstalk etc. of display device is minimized, and there is the refractive index of regulation, also can keep good brightness etc. thus.Particularly use and there is the plastic base of this performance, a kind of more light weight, filming and have the filtrator of the performances such as excellent flexibility can be provided.
Usually, when the substrate as optical filter adopts plastic base, the performance of plastic base is subject to the impact of forming temperature or solvent etc. in manufacture process to a great extent, the contraction or expansion etc. had because of oriented layer etc. is difficult to the shortcoming forming high precision orientation pattern, but the orientation process of the above-mentioned adhesive membrane of the application of the invention can overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and can make the maximum advantage of employing plastic base.
The kind being formed at the optical alignment film of aforesaid substrate in laminated film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can use the optical alignment film of all kinds well known in the art.In illustrating at one of the present invention, above-mentioned optical alignment film can comprise following compound: the cis-trans isomerization (cis-transisomerization) of being induced by the irradiation of rectilinearly polarized light, Fries rearrangement (friesrearrangement) or dimerization reaction (dimerization) decide orientation, and can the compound of induced orientation according to the adjacent liquid crystal layer that is oriented in determined.Such as, above-mentioned optical alignment film can comprise monomer, oligomer and the macromolecular compound with more than one functional group or the residue (moietyselected) being selected from the cohort be made up of azobenzene (azobenzene), styrene benzene (styrylbenzene), cumarin (cumarine), chalcone (chalcone), fluorine and cinnamate (cinnamate), preferably can comprise the norbornene resin etc. of fluorine or cinnamate residue.
The mode forming above-mentioned optical alignment film in the present invention on substrate is not particularly limited, such as, it can form optical alignment film with the following methods: diluted by the suitable solvent etc. of described compound, and is coated with on substrate with known rubbing methods such as print roll coating, rotary coating or bar types coating (barcoating).Further, the coating thickness of alignment films is now not specially limited.
In laminated film of the present invention, above-mentioned optical alignment film can be the optical alignment film carrying out an orientation process.Such as, an above-mentioned orientation process is by carrying out with under type: before attaching adhesive membrane, preferably irradiates linear polarization ultraviolet light to whole of optical alignment film with certain orientation to optical alignment film.
For making optical alignment film orientation, such as by linear polarization UV-irradiation once more than, then the orientation of above-mentioned alignment films is decided by the light finally irradiated.Therefore, after an orientation is carried out with certain orientation irradiation linear polarization ultraviolet light to the optical alignment film being contained in above-mentioned laminated film, as described as follows, under the state attaching adhesive membrane of the present invention, when irradiation carries out secondary orientation with the rectilinearly polarized light of the rectilinearly polarized light different directions of an above-mentioned orientation, effectively can carry out orientation process, wherein this orientation process is for the formation of the pattern of the second orientation area of the first orientation area and second direction of orientation different from above-mentioned first direction of orientation that at least comprise the first direction of orientation or the mutually different two or more orientation area of direction of orientation.
In illustrating at one of the present invention, linear polarization ultraviolet light is adopted to carry out an above-mentioned orientation, the polarization angle of above-mentioned linear polarization ultraviolet light can be with the angle of the mode polarization of the angular cross beyond intersecting vertically with the boundary line of the shading region and photic zone that are formed at above-mentioned adhesive membrane, more preferably, can be the angle of the mode polarization intersected with miter angle degree with above-mentioned boundary line.Below, when specifying angle of the present invention, it comprises the error of less than about ± 10 degree, preferably comprises the error of less than about ± 5 degree, more preferably comprises the error of less than about ± 3 degree.In these cases, secondary orientation after attaching adhesive membrane adopts linear polarization ultraviolet light to carry out, the polarization angle of the linear polarization ultraviolet light of secondary orientation still can be with the angle of the mode polarization of the angular cross beyond intersecting vertically with the boundary line of the shading region and photic zone that are formed at above-mentioned adhesive membrane, in this case, the polarization angle of the linear polarization of preferred above-mentioned secondary orientation and the polarization angle of an above-mentioned orientation can be orthogonal.Control by this way once with the polarization angle of secondary orientation, the optical filter with more excellent properties can be manufactured thus.
Adhesive membrane of the present invention is attached to manufacture laminated film of the present invention by non-oriented optical alignment film after an above-mentioned orientation or before an orientation.In this case, when adhesive membrane comprises adhesion layer, optical alignment film is attached at using adhesion layer as medium.In this laminated film, above-mentioned adhesive membrane and above-mentioned optical alignment film is preferably made to be adjacent to.In the present invention, adhesive membrane and optical alignment film are adjacent to the meaning referring to and there is not in fact interval between optical alignment film and adhesive membrane.Adhesive membrane and optical alignment film are adjacent to as described above, following situation can be prevented thus: the light of irradiation spreads in communication process between film and optical alignment film, thus the light of uniform strength needed for being difficult to irradiate, and the generation of the indefinite or unoriented rigion of boundary between orientation area.
And, the present invention relates to a kind of the invention described above laminated film that adopts to manufacture the method for optical filter, be about a kind of manufacture method comprising the optical filter of following steps, that is: irradiate the step of light using the adhesive membrane base material of above-mentioned laminated film as medium to the optical alignment film of above-mentioned laminated film.
As mentioned above, when carrying out orientation with adhesive membrane as medium, the light of irradiation, only through the photic zone of adhesive membrane, only has the region corresponding with photic zone of optical alignment film to be oriented because of the irradiation of light.That is, because of secondary orientation, the direction of an orientation is changed in the part corresponding with photic zone of optical alignment film or the alignment films of non-oriented state is oriented.
In illustrating at one of the present invention, as mentioned above, the optical alignment film of above-mentioned laminated film can carry out an orientation by the irradiation of linear polarization ultraviolet light, particularly, can by irradiating with the shading region of base material and the boundary line of photic zone with the linear polarization ultraviolet light of the angular cross beyond intersecting vertically, more preferably to irradiate and linear polarization ultraviolet light that above-mentioned boundary line intersects with miter angle degree carries out an orientation.In this case, the light irradiation step of the manufacture method of above-mentioned optical thin film can be that the illumination for carrying out secondary orientation is penetrated, as mentioned above, the illumination of above-mentioned secondary orientation is penetrated as linear polarization UV-irradiation, its polarization angle namely with the boundary line of the shading region and photic zone that are formed at above-mentioned adhesive membrane with the mode polarization of the angular cross beyond intersecting vertically, and can be orthogonal with a linear polarization angle during orientation.
Fig. 5 is the figure that model utility represents the manufacture method of the illustrative optical filter of the present invention one.As shown in Fig. 5 (a) to (d), manufacture method of the present invention can comprise following steps: form optical alignment film 2(Fig. 5 (a) on substrate 1), polarized light (arrow) is irradiated to carry out an orientation (Fig. 5 (b)) at above-mentioned optical alignment film 2, afterwards adhesive membrane 3 of the present invention is attached at optical alignment film 2(Fig. 5 (c)), irradiate and carry out secondary orientation (Fig. 5 (d)) with the ultraviolet light of different angles polarization (arrow) compared with during an orientation.Form the mutually different region 21,22 of direction of orientation thus.
Further, as shown in Fig. 5 (e) He (f), manufacture method of the present invention can be further comprising the steps: peel adhesion film 3 after irradiation light, and form liquid crystal layer 4 on optical alignment film 2.
The method forming above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 4 is not particularly limited, such as can comprise the following steps: photocrosslinking reaction or optical polymerism liquid-crystal compounds to be coated on optical alignment film and carried out orientation process by (a), and (b) also carries out photo-crosslinking or photopolymerization to above-mentioned liquid-crystal compounds.Through above-mentioned steps, the two or more regions 41,42 that the direction of orientation of liquid-crystal compounds is different can be formed.
The kind coating the liquid-crystal compounds on above-mentioned optical alignment film is not particularly limited, and the purposes according to optical filter can suitably be selected.Such as, when above-mentioned optical filter is the retardation element of patterning, above-mentioned liquid-crystal compounds can be following liquid-crystal compounds: can carry out orientation according to the orientation pattern of the alignment films being positioned at bottom, and can form the polymer liquid crystal layer being demonstrated λ/4 phase difference characteristics by photo-crosslinking or photopolymerization.By using such liquid-crystal compounds, such as, can manufacture the retardation element of patterning incident light being divided into left circularly polarized light and right-circularly polarized light.Be well known in the art and can use plurality of liquid crystals compound according to the purposes of required optical filter, the present invention can carry out suitably selecting to use to all above-mentioned liquid-crystal compoundss.
On the one hand, in above-mentioned steps, coating of liquid crystalline compound also carries out the mode that namely orientation process carry out correcting according to the orientation pattern of bottom alignment films and is not particularly limited, and can adopt proper method well known in the art.
In above-mentioned steps, carrying out being cross-linked or being polymerized to the liquid-crystal compounds being oriented process by irradiating suitable light, liquid crystal layer such as phase delay layer can be formed thus.
Further, the present invention relates to a kind of optical filter, comprising: substrate; Optical alignment film, it is formed on aforesaid substrate, and have with the first orientation area of first direction orientation process with the second orientation area of second direction orientation process, and account for less than 10% of whole optical alignment film area at the non-oriented area of above-mentioned optical alignment film.
Optical filter of the present invention can be such as the retardation element of the patterning for holographic display device.
Identical content as above can be suitable for as the substrate of optical filter used in the present invention and optical alignment film.
In optical filter of the present invention, optical alignment film is formed with orientation pattern, particularly, be formed and have with the first orientation area of certain first direction orientation with the orientation pattern of the second orientation area with above-mentioned first direction different directions orientation, such as, as described above, above-mentioned first and second orientation pattern can with shape of stripes alternately configuration on optical alignment film.In the present invention, particularly in above-mentioned orientation pattern, unoriented rigion accounts for less than 10% of alignment films entire area, preferably accounts for less than 5%, more preferably accounts for less than 2%.Above-mentioned unoriented rigion such as occurs due to following phenomenon: result from the prior art light orientation process time the interval that exists between optical alignment film and mask, incident light is via diffusion while above-mentioned interval etc.Such unoriented rigion makes the boundary between orientation area indefinite, and becomes the reason for causing crosstalk during display device.
But, in the present invention, use and above-mentionedly there is the adhesive membrane of feature and carry out orientation process under the state that above-mentioned adhesive membrane is closely attached on optical alignment film, the generation of above-mentioned unoriented rigion can be made thus minimum.
With regard to above-mentioned unoriented rigion, between two polarizers absorbing the orthogonal configuration of axle, suitably configuration optical filter corresponds to above-mentioned absorption axle to make direction of orientation, with the above-mentioned polarizing plate of light source irradiation, then only just can cause light leak in non-oriented part.Thus, in the above-described state, the area ratio of above-mentioned unoriented rigion can by measuring by the mode in polarized light microscope observing generation light leak region.
Optical filter of the present invention can make with the crosstalk ratio of following general formula 1 calculating below 5%, preferably below 2%.
General formula 1
X
T=(X
TL+X
TR)/2
In above-mentioned general formula 1, X
tthe crosstalk ratio representing the holographic display device being provided with above-mentioned optical filter, X
tLrepresent the crosstalk ratio being provided with the holographic display device of above-mentioned optical filter with left eye observation, X
tRrepresent the crosstalk ratio being provided with the holographic display device of above-mentioned optical filter with right eye sees.
X in above-mentioned general formula 1
tLand X
tRcan be calculated by following general formula 2 and 3 respectively.
General formula 2
X
TL={(L(
LB-RW)-L(
LB-RB)/(L(
LW-RB)-L(
LB-RB))}×100
General formula 3
X
TR={(L(
LW-RB)-L(
LB-RB)/(L(
LB-RW)-L(
LB-RB))}×100
In above-mentioned general formula, L(
lB-RW) represent employ left eye unit picture element in the holographic display device display part of above-mentioned optical filter be black and right eye unit picture element is white time brightness, L(
lB-RB) represent brightness when left eye unit picture element and right eye unit picture element are black in above-mentioned display part, L(
lW-RB) represent that left eye unit picture element in above-mentioned display part is white and right eye unit picture element is black time brightness.
The method that the above-mentioned middle state according to constituent parts pixel measures brightness is not particularly limited, and can measure according to approach well known.
The present invention forms alignment films by described method, the unoriented rigion scope of alignment films is minimized, thus can provide the optical filter with above-mentioned excellent crosstalk ratio.
Optical filter of the present invention can comprise the liquid crystal layer being formed at above-mentioned optical alignment film top further, as described above, when above-mentioned optical filter is the retardation element of patterning, above-mentioned liquid crystal layer can be phase delay layer, particularly, can for having the phase delay layer of λ/4 wavelength phase difference characteristic.Such phase delay layer can form the orientation pattern according to the optical alignment film of bottom and formed and have the pattern of the first area of first direction slow axis and the second area with the slow axis of above-mentioned first direction different directions, such as, above-mentioned first and second regions and the pattern shown in Fig. 2 similarly, to form shape of stripes in the mode that each pixel with stereo video apparatus display part is corresponding respectively and alternately formed.
In these cases, the slow axis of first area is formed along the direction of the angular cross of the angle such as about 45 degree beyond intersecting vertically with the boundary line in the first and second regions.Further, the slow axis of second area is also formed along the direction of the angular cross beyond intersecting vertically with above-mentioned boundary line, and can be formed to form vertical angle with the slow axis of above-mentioned first area.The phase delay layer with λ/4 wavelength characteristic being formed with such slow axis relation is for generating left circularly polarized light and right-circularly polarized light respectively during holographic display device.
Further, the present invention relates to a kind of holographic display device comprising optical filter of the present invention.
In illustrating at one of the present invention, above-mentioned optical filter can be the retardation element of patterning, and above-mentioned holographic display device can be polarization type glasses holographic display devices.
As long as holographic display device of the present invention comprises the invention described above optical filter, would not be particularly limited other structures or working method, the structure in general holographic display device and working method can be adopted.
Fig. 6 is the figure of the cross-section structure representing the illustrative holographic display device of the present invention one.
Above-mentioned display device 60 can be the polarization type glasses display device to the observer wearing polaroid glasses (not shown) display stereopsis.The display boards 62 such as back light unit 61, LCD panel and retardation element 63 can be pressed said sequence configuration and form by this display device 60, and in this case, above-mentioned retardation element 63 can comprise as optical filter of the present invention: substrate 631; Optical alignment film (omitting its diagram), it is formed on aforesaid substrate; Liquid crystal layer 632 i.e. phase delay layer, it is formed and has described first area 632A and second area 632B on above-mentioned optical alignment film.In this display device 60, the surface of retardation element 63 becomes image display surface towards observer side.Further, in the present embodiment, display device 60 configures to make the image display surface mode parallel with vertical plane (the y-z plane in Fig. 6).Further, image display surface can be such as rectangle (rectangular), and vertical (longitudinal) of image display surface is to parallel with horizontal direction (the y-axis direction in figure).And observer just observes image display surface after wearing polaroid glasses.
Although specifically do not illustrate back light unit 61 in the accompanying drawings, back light unit 61 such as can possess reflecting plate, light source and optical sheet.Reflecting plate is used for the light penetrated from light source to reflex to optical sheet side, and has the functions such as reflection, scattering and/or diffusion.This reflecting plate such as can be made up of foaming PET (expandedpolyethyleneterephthalate) etc.Thereby, it is possible to effectively utilize the emergent light from light source injection.Light source is used for illumination display board 62 from behind, such as, plural linear light source can be configured side by side with same intervals and maybe multiple point source of light can be arranged in two dimensions.And, such as hot-cathode fluorescent lamp (HCFL can be used as linear light source, or cold-cathode fluorescence lamp (CCFL HotCathodeFluorescentLamp), ColdCathodeFluorescentLamp) etc., such as LED(LightEmittingDiode can be used as point source of light) etc.Optical sheet is used for homogenising from the light Luminance Distribution planar of light source or the angle of divergence of the light from light source or polarization state are adjusted to required state, such as, can comprise diffuser plate (diffusionplate), diffusion thin plate (diffusionsheet), prism thin plate (prismsheet), reflective polarizer element or phase difference board etc. and form.Further, light source can be the arbitrary form in marginal mode (edge-type) or direct-type (direct-type), and can comprise light guide plate or light-leading film etc. further as required.
LCD panel 62 is multiple pixels with the penetration display board of the two-dimensional approach arrangement of line direction and column direction, shows image by driving each pixel according to signal of video signal.As mentioned above, above-mentioned each pixel such as can comprise left eye image pixel as shown in Figure 3 and right eye image pixel.Such LCD panel 62 such as shown in Figure 6, can comprise transparency carrier 622, pixel electrode 623, alignment films 624, liquid crystal layer 625, alignment films 626, common electrode 627, colored filter 628 and transparency carrier (subtend substrate) 629 successively from back light unit 61 side.Further, in the present invention, the first polaroid 621A is attached at light incident side, the i.e. transparency carrier 622 of above-mentioned panel, and the second polarizing plate 621B is attached at opposition side, i.e. the transparency carrier 629(subtend substrate of above-mentioned light incident side).
The first polaroid 621A is the polarizing plate being configured at that side that the light from back light unit is injected to display board 62, and the second polarizing plate 621B is the polarizing plate being configured at that side that light penetrates from display board 62.Polarizing plate 621A, 621B, as a kind of optical shutter, only pass through the light of regulation direction of vibration.Such as, polarizing plate 621A, 621B can configure in the mode of the mutual different predetermined angular of their absorption axle (such as 90 degree), make thus from back light unit 61 penetrate light through liquid crystal layer through or cover.
Absorption axle (not shown) direction (direction) of the first polaroid 621A is set in and can makes from the scope of the light transmission of back light unit 61 injection.Such as, when the polarisation of light axle penetrated from back light unit 61 in vertical direction time, the absorption axle of polarizing plate 621A also towards vertical direction, when the polarisation of light axle penetrated from back light unit 61 in horizontal direction time, the absorption axle of the first polaroid 621A is also towards horizontal direction.Further, the light penetrated from back light unit 61 is not restricted to rectilinearly polarized light, can be circularly polarized light, elliptically polarized light or without polarized light.
The absorption direction of principal axis of the second polarizing plate 21B configures in the mode of the light transmission that can make transmission display plate 62.Such as, when the first polaroid 621A absorption direction of principal axis in horizontal direction time, the absorption axle of the second polarizing plate 621B can towards direction, the i.e. vertical direction intersected vertically with above-mentioned absorption axle, when the first polaroid 621A absorption direction of principal axis in vertical direction time, the absorption axle of the second polarizing plate 621B can towards direction, the i.e. horizontal direction intersected vertically with above-mentioned absorption axle.
Transparency carrier 622,629 be usually can make visible light through transparency carrier.And, transparency carrier in back light unit 61 side such as can be formed with source driving circuit (activedrivecircuit), and this active driving circuit comprises the TFT(ThinFilmTransistor be electrically connected with transparent pixels electrode as driving element: thin film transistor (TFT)) and distribution etc.Pixel electrode 623 is such as by ITO(IndiumTinOxide: indium tin oxide) form, play the function of the electrode of each pixel.Alignment films 624 is such as made up of macromolecular materials such as polyimide, carries out orientation process to liquid crystal.Liquid crystal layer 625 is such as by VA(VerticalAlignment: vertical alignment) pattern, TN(TwistedNematic: twisted nematic) pattern or STN(SuperTwistedNematic: supertwist is to row) liquid crystal of pattern forms.This liquid crystal layer 625 has following functions: the voltage applied by driving circuit, each pixel can through or cover from back light unit 61 penetrate light.Common electrode 627 is such as made up of ITO and plays the function of common counter electrode.Colored filter 628 can be formed by arrangement filter house 628A, and this filter house 628A is used for the light penetrated from back light unit 61 to be divided into respectively the three-primary colours of such as red (Red), green (Green) and blue (Blue).In this colored filter 628 like this, the part that filter house 628A boundary line between pixel is corresponding is provided with the black matrix portion 628B(blackmatrixsection with shade function).
Optical filter 63 of the present invention penetrates after the light penetrated from above-mentioned second polarizing plate 621B is such as divided into right-circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light again, can show stereopsis thus to the beholder wearing polaroid glasses.
Invention effect
The present invention can provide a kind of in light orientation process the minimizing and the orientation process adhesive membrane of high precision orientation pattern can be formed of unoriented rigion, and the manufacture method of a kind of laminated film comprising this orientation process adhesive membrane or the optical filter using this orientation process adhesive membrane can be provided.Further, the present invention can provide a kind of optical filter or the holographic display device with excellent properties.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1,2 and 4 is mode charts of exemplary expression adhesive membrane of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the pixel arrangement representing holographic display device display part illustratively.
Fig. 5 is the block diagram that model utility represents optical filter manufacture method of the present invention, and Fig. 6 is the mode chart representing holographic display device of the present invention illustratively.
Fig. 7 to 12 is the expansion photos representing optical alignment film or the liquid crystal layer formed in the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example.
Figure 13 represents the optical filter manufactured in embodiments of the present invention to be arranged on holographic display device and the figure observing the result of said apparatus with polaroid glasses.
Embodiment
Below, by the embodiment of the present invention with not according to comparative example of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail, but scope of the present invention is not restricted to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The manufacture of orientation process adhesive membrane
Print light-proofness ink on the surface at the cellulose acetate base material (manufacturing company: FUJI, trade name: UZ80) as light transmission thin plate thus form shading region.In this case, shading region forms striated as shown in Figure 2, and photic zone and shading region are alternately formed.
Now, the spacing (P of Fig. 2) of photic zone and shading region is about 1080 μm, and the interval (V of Fig. 2) of shading region is 540 μm, and above-mentioned print thickness is about 1.5 μm.Then, the opposing face in above-mentioned base material ink printing face adopts acrylic compounds sticker to form adhesion layer, manufactures the adhesive membrane being used for orientation process thus.The adhesive membrane full face manufactured like this is shown in the figure 7.
The manufacture of optical filter
Use the adhesive membrane of above-mentioned manufacture, manufacture optical filter with the method shown in Fig. 5.First, as substrate, forming dry thickness on cellulose acetate substrate 10 top that thickness is 80 μm is
poly-cinnamate (polycinnamate) class light redirecting layer 20.Above-mentioned light redirecting layer 20 is formed by the following method: light redirecting layer formed solution coating on the substrate 10 by print roll coating method, and at 80 DEG C dry two minutes, and remove solvent.Now, above-mentioned solution is by the polynorbornene (weight-average molecular weight (M of the cinnamate group by having following chemical formula 1
w)=150,000) and the potpourri of acrylic monomer mix with light trigger (Igacure907), and be dissolved in cyclohexanone solvent and obtained (polynorbornene: acrylic monomer: light trigger=2:1:0.25(weight ratio) for 2wt% to make the solids content concn of polynorbornene).
Chemical formula 1
Thereafter, above-mentioned optical alignment film 20 irradiates linear polarization ultraviolet light (300mW/cm
2) orientation has been carried out to optical alignment film 20.Now, consider the direction of the above-mentioned adhesive membrane attached after an above-mentioned orientation, the polarization direction controlling above-mentioned linear polarization ultraviolet light forms miter angle degree with the boundary line of the photic zone and shading region that make itself and adhesive membrane.After an above-mentioned orientation, adhesion layer is adjacent to as medium the adhesive membrane 30 adhering to above-mentioned manufacture by optical alignment film 20.Then, above-mentioned adhesive membrane 30 is irradiated the linear polarization ultraviolet light (300mW/cm identical with during an orientation as medium on above-mentioned optical alignment film 20
2), by this has been secondary orientation.But, when secondary orientation, the angle of rectilinearly polarized light when regulating the polarization direction of linear polarization ultraviolet light to make itself and an above-mentioned orientation is 90 degree.After above-mentioned orientation process terminates, peel adhesion film 30, above-mentioned optical alignment film is formed the phase delay layer 4 with λ/4 wavelength characteristic.Particularly, on above-mentioned optical alignment film with the dry thickness coating of liquid crystalline compound (LC242 of about 1 μm
tM, BASF(system)), and after carrying out orientation according to the orientation of bottom optical alignment film, irradiate the ultraviolet light (300mW/cm in about ten seconds
2), make liquid crystal cross linking and polymerization, and according to the orientation of bottom optical alignment film, manufacture the optical filter with slow-axis direction not same area.
Comparative example 1.
Optical filter is manufactured with the method identical with above-described embodiment 1, but in secondary orientation process, do not use above-mentioned adhesive membrane, the mask being generally used for generating optical alignment film pattern is arranged on the position apart from above-mentioned alignment films 0.7mm, and with above-mentioned mask for medium irradiates linear polarization ultraviolet light, thus manufacture optical filter.
Comparative example 2
Manufacture optical filter with the method identical with above-mentioned comparative example 1, but in secondary orientation process, mask is arranged on the position apart from above-mentioned alignment films 1.1mm, and with above-mentioned mask for medium irradiates linear polarization ultraviolet light, thus manufactured optical filter.
Confirm example 1: the confirmation of state of orientation
The pattern observing the phase delay layer of the optical filter manufactured in embodiment and comparative example respectively forms state.Fig. 8 is the expansion photo carrying out the optical alignment film of orientation process according to embodiment 1, and Fig. 9 is the expansion photo of the phase delay layer formed for medium with above-mentioned optical alignment film.Further, Figure 10 is the expansion photo carrying out the optical alignment film of orientation process according to comparative example 1, and Figure 11 is the expansion photo of the phase delay layer formed for medium with above-mentioned optical alignment film, and Figure 12 is the expansion photo of the optical alignment film formed according to comparative example 2.Can clearly know from figure: according to time of the present invention, clearly can observe the boundary line between each pattern, and in the phase delay layer of alignment films, also form meticulous orientation pattern, and in comparative example 1 and 2, can confirm to define the very unclear pattern in boundary line portion.
Confirm example 2: the ratio of unoriented rigion and crosstalk ratio
Measure the unoriented rigion ratio of the alignment films manufactured in embodiment and comparative example respectively, and use optical filter to measure crosstalk ratio.Measure unoriented rigion ratio in the following way: configure optical filter between two polarizing plates absorbing axle arranged perpendicular after, while carrying out throwing light on light source, adopt polarized light microscope observing light leakage radiation.In addition, crosstalk ratio is measured as follows: the optical filter of manufacture is arranged on general holographic display device, and use at change left eye and while right eye pixel intensity, be about the position measurement brightness of 1.8m in range image display surface centre, and this brightness is substituted into above-mentioned general formula 1 to 3.
The result of above-mentioned measurement is arranged and is recorded in following table 1.
Table 1
The area ratio (%) of unoriented rigion | Crosstalk ratio (%) | |
Embodiment 1 | About 0.9 | 0.5 |
Comparative example 1 | About 37 | 10 |
Comparative example 2 | About more than 93 | 20 |
Known from above-mentioned table 1: in an embodiment of the present invention, there is unoriented rigion hardly, and also hardly crosstalk occurs for during display device.
On the other hand, Figure 13 represents the photo by observing under the state wearing polaroid glasses after being installed on holographic display device according to the optical filter of embodiment of the present invention manufacture.Figure 13 (A) is photo when wearing right eye glasses, and Figure 13 (B) is situation when wearing left eye glasses.
As can be known from Fig. 13: had an X-rayed the left eye with mutual different polarization performance and eye image of releasing through optical filter of the present invention by side anaglyph spectacles, then be shown as black when the phase-contrast film of glasses is vertical with direction of orientation, be shown as white when level.Wear opposition side glasses when having an X-rayed, can confirm that distinct reverse change occurs the black and white of identical film.
Description of reference numerals
10: base material
B: shading region
T: photic zone
P: spacing
V: interval
30: the display part of holographic display device
UR: right eye unit picture element
UR: left eye unit picture element
W1, W2: the width of unit picture element
20: adhesion layer
1: base material
2: optical alignment film
3: adhesive membrane
21,22: orientation area
41,42: liquid crystal aligning region
4: liquid crystal layer
60: holographic display device
Claims (3)
1. an optical filter, its crosstalk ratio calculated by following general formula 1 below 5% and it comprise: substrate; Optical alignment film, formed on the substrate, and have and carry out the first orientation area of orientation process and second orientation area of carrying out orientation process with the second direction different from described first direction with first direction, the area that the non-oriented part of light leak occurs in described optical alignment film accounts for less than 10% of whole optical alignment film area:
General formula 1
X
T=(X
TL+X
TR)/2;
In described general formula 1, X
tthe crosstalk ratio representing the holographic display device being provided with described optical filter, X
tLrepresent the crosstalk ratio being provided with the holographic display device of described optical filter with left eye observation, X
tRit is the crosstalk ratio representing the holographic display device being provided with described optical filter with right eye sees.
2. optical filter according to claim 1, it comprises the phase delay layer be formed on optical alignment film further.
3. a holographic display device, it comprises optical filter according to claim 1.
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2011
- 2011-01-24 JP JP2012549948A patent/JP5995085B2/en active Active
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DE102011009281A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
KR20110086524A (en) | 2011-07-28 |
KR101064585B1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
TWI504935B (en) | 2015-10-21 |
CN102713726A (en) | 2012-10-03 |
JP5995085B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
JP2013518296A (en) | 2013-05-20 |
TWI468733B (en) | 2015-01-11 |
TW201140146A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
KR101266209B1 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
CN102713726B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
KR20110097753A (en) | 2011-08-31 |
DE102011009281B4 (en) | 2022-05-25 |
CN103777359A (en) | 2014-05-07 |
TW201418779A (en) | 2014-05-16 |
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