CN102860205A - Van-type no-tillage improved high-yield cultivation method of cold mud field - Google Patents
Van-type no-tillage improved high-yield cultivation method of cold mud field Download PDFInfo
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- CN102860205A CN102860205A CN2012103529234A CN201210352923A CN102860205A CN 102860205 A CN102860205 A CN 102860205A CN 2012103529234 A CN2012103529234 A CN 2012103529234A CN 201210352923 A CN201210352923 A CN 201210352923A CN 102860205 A CN102860205 A CN 102860205A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a van-type no-tillage improved high-yield cultivation method of cold mud field. According to the method, the van width of the gully field with serious gleying can be about 3.0m; the van width of the field with light gleying can be 4.0-5.0m or more; the van length can be determined according to the field shape; the width of the van ditch is 30cm and the depth is 20-30cm; the ditch penetrates through the whole rice field; the rice plantation rule adopts wide and narrow row spacing plantation, namely, the narrow row is 20-23cm and the wide row is 43.33-50.00cm; a drainage ditch is formed between two vans in order to drain water; the dug soil can be uniformly paved on the whole van along the length direction of the van in order to ensure that the van is 15-20cm higher than the water level; the fertilizer application method is as follows: based on the application of proper nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 100kg of silicon-calcium fertilizer applied in per mu is used as a modifier in order to regulate pH value and redox potential of the soil in winter paddy field. With the adoption of the cultivation method, rice yield in one season can be improved by more than 5%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Rice Cropping technical field, in particular the no-tillage improvement high-yield cultivating method of a kind of cold mud field van-type.
Background technology
Cold mud field is hills and the mountain region rice district scientific utilization natural precipitation that lacks river construction and supporting irrigation conditions, guarantees a kind of effective cropping system that paddy rice is broadcast smoothly cultivation and gives stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging, and has science, economic utilization natural precipitation resource; Fallow soil, culture fertility; Crops for rotation are alleviated the nervous and water contradiction of labour ahead of time; Prevent erosion, improve the ecological environment; Geological disaster is reduced in the recharge of groundwater source; Comprehensive utilization improves the outstanding roles such as arable land benefit.Cold mud field paddy soil low yield restraining factors have that soil structure is poor, paddy rice water and soil temperature in early stage all low, soil nutrient availability is low, tiller slow, paddy rice middle and later periods redox potential is low, poisonous and harmful substance is many, rice root early ageing, the percentage of earbearing tiller are low etc., because cold mud water in field rice local products amount barrier factors is more, paddy rice average annual output is not high all the time, if but solved its restraining factors, cold mud field paddy soil yield potential would be huge.
Recent two decades comes, at engineering, agronomy, chemistry, the cold mud water in field of biological treating rice earthwork mask certain single technology deposit is arranged, but there are the shortcomings such as cost is high, workload is large in these technology, demand a kind ofly having operability urgently, method easy and that can significantly improve rice yield solves the problems that cold mud field exists, and the cold mud field no-tillage improvement high-yield cultivating method of van-type has the advantages such as improved effect is good, rice yield is high, easy and simple to handle and practical, popularizing area is larger in the rice district, cold mud field of southwest, has obtained good economic and social benefit.
The rice field-upland field rotation technology is behind Rice Cropping water to be drained, and with cold mud Tian Yiji crop change crop of two season, carries out the crop rotation of paddy rice and wheat, rape or other winter crops.After cold mud field drains, changed the soil environment of long-term waterflooding, great changes will take place to make soil profile configuration and soil structures.The upper grain that originally disperses because of accumulated water under the dehydration condition and adhered to one another, forms the solid tillage pan that hardens through farming repeatedly.Simultaneously, the soil body acutely shrinks, and produces larger crack.After cold mud field drained, soil was in the state of oxidation, and ferrous iron is oxidized to high ferro, formed insoluble high ferric phosphate salt with phosphoric acid, had reduced the validity of soil phophorus.The precondition of rice field-upland field rotation is the source of irrigation water guarantee that the certain tool in this area will have paddy rice.Therefore, be changed to the area of rice field-upland field rotation in cold mud field, general water condition is better, has all built supporting water conservancy projects, such as reservoir or rivers pumping irrigation station, guarantees the paddy rice water demand in season.Rice field-upland field rotation becomes that crop 1 year is ripe to be two crops a year, and crop yield is multiplied, for the Food Production in zone has been made significant contribution.In present zone, cold mud field, generally all without the source of irrigation water guarantee, area and the transformation potentiality that can implement the rice field-upland field rotation technology are very little, and cold mud field is still main Farmland Landscape and farming pattern.As long as radical change does not occur the regional irrigation water condition, the history of cold mud field kind rice will continue.
Paddy rice semi dry ridge planting technology is the technology that the famous pedologist's Prof. Hou Guangjiong of China is summed up a solution south low-yield paddy field production difficult problem that proposes, mainly be on paddy field minimum tillage or no-tillage basis, ridge (furrow) is done in waterflooding, paddy rice is planted in the ridge face, carries out a kind of tillage method of irrigation by infiltration.It is flat as furrow infiltration cultivation that early formula farming of rice field half becomes waterflooding, the low certain mima type microrelief that rises and falls of field face that forms of the high ditch in ridge, be conducive to improve soil solid, liquid, gas three-phase ratio, coordinate the contradiction between the soil water, fertilizer, gas, the heat, provide and satisfied the essential good ecological condition of high crop yield physiology.Ridging also helps and thickens active soil stratum, concentrates fertilizer, and the relative reduce phreatic table is got rid of the harm of cold, mashed, rust, poison, improves soil physical and chemical property: strengthen microbial activities, acceleration organic matter decomposition, the release of increase available nutrient.Furrow is alternate, forms wide-and narrow-row, is conducive to improve field microclimate, improves Efficiency of energy conversion photosynthesis potency, alleviates or prevent the harm of disease worm generation.Artificial ridging labour intensity is large, and general ridging is wanted just can finish for twice or three times, also wants the ditch cleaning support ridger after the rice transplanting 1～2 time, takes a lot of work the specification requirement height.Because these shortcomings and deficiencies that this technology exists, particularly the existing present national price of labour power skyrockets, so that the promotion and application of this technology are very difficult.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of cold mud field van-type no-tillage improvement high-yield cultivating method for the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The no-tillage improvement high-yield cultivating method of a kind of cold mud field van-type, the coombe field that Soil gleyization is heavier is about the face width degree 3.0m of railway carriage or compartment; Soil gleyization is lighter is close to the field, and railway carriage or compartment face width degree can be at 4.0～5.0m or wider, and railway carriage or compartment face length degree can be decided according to the field shape; Railway carriage or compartment furrow width 30cm, the degree of depth 20～30cm, the railway carriage or compartment ditch runs through whole rice field; The Rice Cropping specification adopts wide-narrow row planting, i.e. narrow row 20～23cm, and wide row 43.33～50.00cm, the ditch draining begins to rehearse between the wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house; The mud that trench digging is dug out evenly is tiled in whole railway carriage or compartment face along the length direction of railway carriage or compartment face, guarantees that the railway carriage or compartment face exceeds water surface 15-20cm; The Term Fertilization aspect is being used on the suitable azophoska basis, uses the 100kg calcium silicate fertilizer as modifying agent for every mu, is used for regulating paddy field with ponded water in winter soil pH value and redox potential.
The beneficial effect that the present invention brings is, after the no-tillage measure of conventional paddy field with ponded water in winter employing van-type, can effectively thicken soil layer 15-25cm, reduce water level 15-20cm, be conducive to increase paddy field with ponded water in winter topsoil temperature, open after the railway carriage or compartment does the ridge through monitoring, the more conventional tillage control measure of 0-15cm soil temperature improves about 0.3 degree centigrade, if can improve 0.5 degree centigrade by more conventional tillage control measure at railway carriage or compartment face overlay film, the temperature raising is conducive to promote Rice Seedlings to be tillered, and the more conventional tillage method of rice tillering number improves about 20%.Therefore, adopt the methods of cultivation of the present invention, season rice yield raising is more than 5%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the no-tillage railway carriage or compartment schematic diagram of opening of cold mud field van-type;
1---the railway carriage or compartment face; 2---railway carriage or compartment face width degree, 3-5m or wider; 3---railway carriage or compartment face length degree, decide on field shape; 4---railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 30cm, dark 20cm; 5---drain ditch, wide 30cm, dark 30cm; 6---Rice Cropping specification narrow row, 20～23cm; 7---the wide row of Rice Cropping specification, 43.33～50cm.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
On the conventional flat basis of doing, cold mud field, the front rice field of rice transplanting forms the rational railway carriage or compartment of specification face 1 by the ditch of opening one fixed width and the degree of depth, and paddy rice is realized zero tillage, and the rice cropping specification is carried out the wide-and narrow-row cultivation.At first, determine out width and the ditching depth in railway carriage or compartment according to residing Soil gleyization in cold mud field etc., the coombe field that Soil gleyization is heavier is about the face width degree 3.0m of railway carriage or compartment; Soil gleyization is lighter is close to the field, and railway carriage or compartment face width degree can be at 4.0～5.0m or wider, and railway carriage or compartment face length degree can be decided according to the field shape.About railway carriage or compartment ditch 4 wide general 30cm, the degree of depth 20～30cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch 4 runs through whole rice field.Secondly, the Rice Cropping specification adopts wide-narrow row planting, i.e. narrow row 20～23cm, and wide row 43.33～50.00cm, ditch 5 drainings begin to rehearse between the wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house.The trench digging mode adopts artificial trench digging or ditching machine (XL1K22 type rice field ditching machine) trench digging, the mud that trench digging is dug out evenly is tiled in whole railway carriage or compartment face along the length direction of railway carriage or compartment face, different according to soil property, can repeat to spread 2-3 time, guarantee that railway carriage or compartment face 1 exceeds water surface 15-20cm.The Term Fertilization aspect is being used on the suitable azophoska basis, uses the 100kg calcium silicate fertilizer as modifying agent for every mu, is used for regulating paddy field with ponded water in winter soil pH value and redox potential.
The present invention adopts van-type no-tillage, thickens soil layer, reduces water level, is conducive to increase soil temperature, and is remarkable to increasing the rice tillering effect seedling stage, and simultaneously water level decline is conducive to reduce reducing substances content, avoids paddy rice to be poisoned impact, thereby improves rice yield.
Embodiment
Present embodiment is take the shallow mound of In The Southeast of Sichuan Basin paddy field with ponded water in winter as example: open the railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face width degree 3m, long 8m take the mud face in field, Yuanping City as the railway carriage or compartment face; Railway carriage or compartment ditch 4 wide 30cm, dark 20cm, drain ditch 5 wide 30cm, dark 30cm.The mud that trench digging is dug out evenly is tiled in whole railway carriage or compartment face along the length direction in railway carriage or compartment, and is different according to soil property, can repeat to spread 2-3 time, and assurance railway carriage or compartment face exceeds water surface 15-20cm.The Rice Cropping specification adopts wide-narrow row planting, i.e. narrow row 20cm, and wide row 50cm adopts conventional fertilizer application, and other adds 100kg/ mu calcium silicate fertilizer as modifying agent.
By field experiment, van-type is no-tillage per mu yield paddy rice 568.62kg, thousand kernel weight 28.4g, plant height 124.73cm, spike length 29.32cm, the several 193.67/fringes of real grain; Conventional tillage method per mu yield paddy rice 520.81kg, thousand kernel weight 27.3g, plant height 123.73cm, spike length 29.2cm, the several 118.75/fringes of real grain.Above-mentioned data can find out that the per mu yield of van-type rice of no-tillage can improve rice yield 9.17%.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the no-tillage improvement high-yield cultivating method of cold mud field van-type is characterized in that, the coombe field that Soil gleyization is heavier is about the face width degree 3.0m of railway carriage or compartment; Soil gleyization is lighter is close to the field, and railway carriage or compartment face width degree can be at 4.0～5.0m or wider, and railway carriage or compartment face length degree can be decided according to the field shape; Railway carriage or compartment furrow width 30cm, the degree of depth 20～30cm, the railway carriage or compartment ditch runs through whole rice field; The Rice Cropping specification adopts wide-narrow row planting, i.e. narrow row 20～23cm, and wide row 43.33～50.00cm, the ditch draining begins to rehearse between the wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house; The mud that trench digging is dug out evenly is tiled in whole railway carriage or compartment face along the length direction of railway carriage or compartment face, guarantees that the railway carriage or compartment face exceeds water surface 15-20cm; The Term Fertilization aspect is being used on the suitable azophoska basis, uses the 100kg calcium silicate fertilizer as modifying agent for every mu, is used for regulating paddy field with ponded water in winter soil pH value and redox potential.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN103548632A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-05 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method |
| CN103749228A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Double-cropping rice based ecological ditch direct-seeding cultivation method for triple-cropping late rice |
| CN103947494A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-30 | 中国水稻研究所 | Cultivation method for oxygenation, drainage and irrigation to gleyed paddy fields |
| CN104584966A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-05-06 | 湖南农业大学 | Triple cropping late rice ecological ditch transplanting cultivating method based on double cropping rice |
| CN104938267A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-30 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Rice planting method for efficiently applying nitrogenous fertilizer in quantity reducing mode |
| CN105580679A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-05-18 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | No-tillage yield increase cultivation method for winter paddy field rice |
| CN110150064A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-23 | 吴忠市伊禾农机作业服务有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice planting method based on Beidou Navigation System |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103548632A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-05 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method |
| CN103749228A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Double-cropping rice based ecological ditch direct-seeding cultivation method for triple-cropping late rice |
| CN103749228B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-05-06 | 湖南农业大学 | Double-cropping rice based ecological ditch direct-seeding cultivation method for triple-cropping late rice |
| CN104584966A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-05-06 | 湖南农业大学 | Triple cropping late rice ecological ditch transplanting cultivating method based on double cropping rice |
| CN103947494A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-30 | 中国水稻研究所 | Cultivation method for oxygenation, drainage and irrigation to gleyed paddy fields |
| CN103947494B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-10-28 | 中国水稻研究所 | Gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation |
| CN104938267A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-30 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Rice planting method for efficiently applying nitrogenous fertilizer in quantity reducing mode |
| CN104938267B (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-11-17 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Nitrogenous fertilizer decrement, which is efficiently applied, plants rice method |
| CN105580679A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-05-18 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | No-tillage yield increase cultivation method for winter paddy field rice |
| CN110150064A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-23 | 吴忠市伊禾农机作业服务有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice planting method based on Beidou Navigation System |
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Application publication date: 20130109 |