CN103740336A - Preparation method for fatty acid ester phase-change energy storage material - Google Patents
Preparation method for fatty acid ester phase-change energy storage material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for a fatty acid ester phase-change energy storage material. The preparation method comprises the following operation steps: (1) carrying out an ester exchange reaction: enabling grease containing triglyceride and alcohols to react under the effect of a catalyst to generate a fatty acid ester, wherein the adding mol ratio of the grease to the alcohols is 1 to 6 and the catalyst is metal hydroxide or metal alcoholate; (2) carrying out a hydrogenation reaction: carrying out the hydrogenation reaction on the fatty acid ester to generate a saturated fatty acid ester, wherein the catalyst of the hydrogenation reaction is palladium active carbon; the mass percent of palladium is 4%-6%; the reaction temperature is 55-65 DEG C; the reaction pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa. According to the preparation method, raw materials for preparing the fatty acid ester are renewable and environment-friendly oil and fat and are cheap and easy to obtain. The invention provides an effective method which adopts the current grease as the raw material to prepare the high-quality fatty acid ester phase-change material by using a small cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of phase-changing energy storage material, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material.
Background technology
Phase-changing energy storage material (Phase Change Materials, PCMs) refer in its thing phase change process, can absorb heat or emit heat to environment from environment, thereby reach the object of storage and the release of energy, solve energy supply and demand unmatched contradiction on time and space.Utilize this characteristic, PCMs gathers around and has wide practical use in the fields such as energy-conservation and food fresh keeping of " peak load shifting ", used heat and the remaining pick up the heat of sun power utilization, electric power, energy saving building material, air-conditioning.Temperature approximately constant during simultaneously due to its phase transformation, can control for adjustment the temperature of surrounding environment, and can be repeatedly used.
PCMs is divided into mineral-type, organic and complex class conventionally according to chemical composition.Organic phase-changing energy storage material comprises paraffin, acid esters and other organism.Wherein, fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material has higher melting heat, works as, and become excellent PCMs because of its high stability, low superfusibility with paraffin phase.Yet the current fatty acid ester that is applicable to PCMs is expensive, this has just restricted its application aspect PCMs, therefore, need to find a kind of effective ways of preparing high quality fatty acid ester phase change material with less cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is mainly the problem existing in above-mentioned technology, and a kind of preparation method of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material is provided, and adopting ready-made grease is that raw material is prepared high quality fatty acid ester phase change material with less cost.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention comprises following operation steps:
(1) transesterification reaction: the grease that contains tri-glyceride is reacted under the effect of catalyzer with alcohols and generate fatty acid ester, and described fatty acid ester is cleaned and neutralized, the molar ratio of wherein said grease and alcohols is 1:6, and the catalyzer of described transesterification reaction is metal hydroxides or metal alcoholate;
(2) hydrogenation: the fatty acid ester of preparation in step 1 is carried out to hydrogenation reaction and generate polyunsaturated fatty acid ester, the catalyzer of wherein said hydrogenation is palladium gac, in palladium gac, the massfraction of palladium is 4%～6%, and temperature of reaction is 55～65 ℃, and reaction pressure is 0.2～0.3MPa.
As preferably, described grease is that animal tallow, vegetables oil or both are with the mixture of arbitrary proportion.
Further, described animal tallow is butter.
Further, described vegetables oil is a kind of in plam oil, Oleum Cocois, rapeseed oil, mustard caul-fat, Trisun Oil R 80, soybean oil.
As preferably, described alcohols is rudimentary saturated monohydroxy alcohol.
Further, described rudimentary saturated monohydroxy alcohol is a kind of in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanols.
As preferably, described metal hydroxides is alkali metal hydroxide.
Further, described alkali metal hydroxide is a kind of in sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.
As preferably, described metal alcoholate is alkali metal alcoholate.
Further, described alkali metal alcoholate is a kind of in sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium propylate, sodium butylate.
Fatty acid ester is as organic phase change material, its advantage: the raw material that 1, is used for preparing fatty acid ester is reproducible, environmentally friendly oil & fat, cheap and easy to get; 2, compare with lipid acid, without smell; 3, high stability, low superfusibility.
The preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material provided by the invention, compared with prior art, has following remarkable advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) raw material that the present invention adopts is reproducible, environmentally friendly oil & fat, cheap and easy to get, prepares the effective ways of high quality fatty acid ester phase change material with less cost.
(2) the present invention does not need the starting material to containing tri-glyceride to carry out preliminary separation and purification, this types of procedures can cause the natural ratio of lipid acid in tri-glyceride to change, and affects follow-up hydrogenation and implements, therefore, technical process is simple, and cost is lower.
(3) the present invention does not need different fatty acid esters to carry out separation yet, if want to obtain the phase change material of a certain specified property, the fatty acid ester that different glyceride stocks can be prepared mixes by a certain percentage, or before esterification, glyceride stock is mixed by a certain percentage.
(4) the present invention adopts and first tri-glyceride is carried out to transesterification reaction, then fatty acid ester is carried out to the step of hydrogenation, can reach the effect that reduces energy consumption, raises the efficiency.Because oil is generally liquid at normal temperatures, after hydrogenation, become solid, this can make the energy consumption of follow-up esterification process raise and Efficiency Decreasing; In addition, with respect to tri-glyceride, the fusing point of fatty acid ester and viscosity are all lower, and hydriding process is easier.
(5) good characteristics such as hydrogenation process of the present invention adopts load type palladium C catalyst, and it has, and reaction pressure is low, temperature of reaction is low, activity is high, catalyzer nature is stable.
(6) esterification process of the present invention can carry out in existing biodiesel reactor, esterification products can be prepared phase change material according to the hydrotreatment of need to carrying out in market, or not hydrogenation directly as diesel oil fuel, all starting material that contain tri-glyceride can use, and have reduced waste.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the DSC curve of butter hydrogenation propyl ester;
Fig. 2 is respectively through the weightless analytic curve of the plasterboard of butter hydrogenation propyl ester and business paraffin RT21 dipping;
Fig. 3 is the vapour pressure contrast of octadecane and mixtures of methyl esters;
Fig. 4～Fig. 7 is the combustionproperty test to matrix material: Fig. 4 with taper calorimeter. the matrix material (without fire retardant) of butter hydrogenation propyl ester and high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE); Fig. 5. the matrix material (having fire retardant) of butter hydrogenation propyl ester and high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE); Fig. 6. the matrix material (without fire retardant) of paraffin RT21 and high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE); Fig. 7. the matrix material (having fire retardant) of paraffin RT21 and high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE);
Fig. 8～Fig. 9 is the DSC curve before and after the reaction of butter methyl ester hydrogenation: Fig. 8. before hydrogenation reaction; Fig. 9. after hydrogenation reaction;
Figure 10 is the DSC curve of butter hydrogenation butyl ester;
Figure 11 is the DSC curve of plam oil hydrogenation butyl ester;
Figure 12 is the DSC curve of the mixture of butter hydrogenation methyl esters and Oleum Cocois hydrogenation methyl esters (mass ratio is 0.76:0.24).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail, but the present embodiment only for being described, is not used in restriction the present invention in the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Transesterification reaction: first a certain amount of butter are heated at 100 ℃ to 30 minutes to deviate from residual water-content, be transferred in the reactor that is provided with baffle plate and stirring, then by containing 10wt%(massfraction) sodium propylate/propanol mixture of sodium propylate joins in butter, and wherein the molar ratio of butter and propyl alcohol feeds intake by 1:6.Reaction mixture reacts 45 minutes at 85 ℃, reacts after complete approximately 10 minutes, and mixture is divided into two-layer.Faint yellow upper strata is butter propyl ester, and deep yellow lower floor is glycerine.Gained butter propyl ester purifies for 3 times by washed with de-ionized water, simultaneously, in water washing process for the first time, adds several pure hydrochloric acids with neutralized reaction product.
Hydrogenation: butter propyl ester, after cleaning and neutralizing, joins in the borate glass container that contains 2wt% catalyzer, wherein load has the absorbent charcoal powder body of 5wt% palladium as the catalyzer of hydrogenation reaction.By Parr 3921 hydrogenation reaction devices, carry out hydrogenation reaction, reaction pressure is 0.28MPa, and temperature of reaction is 60 ℃, and Glass Containers keeps vibrating state by electric motor.In reaction process, hydrogen is consumed, and makes the pressure drop in borate glass container, correspondingly, hydrogen be again filled with to pressure be 0.28MPa, so that the motivating force that hydrogenation reaction is enough to be provided.When reaction vessel internal pressure no longer changes, hydrogenation reaction completes, and finally uses vacuum diatomite filter separating catalyst from product, obtains pure butter hydrogenation propyl ester.Wherein, utilize gas detector to guarantee that system is without any leakage, hydrogen is provided by hydrogen gas cylinder, and heating jacket and temperature regulator are for maintaining the required temperature of hydrogenation reaction.
By Japanese Shimadzu DSC-60 differential scanning calorimeter, test, all propyl ester are converted into saturated ester completely, and the latent heat of phase change of butter hydrogenation propyl ester is 137.49J/g, and melt temperature is 24.9 ℃.The test result of this embodiment as shown in Figure 1.
Phase transformation plasterboard oozes out Tachistoscope: business paraffin RT21 is used after 30 ℃ of baking ovens are preserved one month.By two fritter plasterboards, respectively through dipping, the addition that obtains business paraffin RT21 and butter hydrogenation propyl ester is respectively the phase transformation plasterboard of 30wt%, then phase transformation plasterboard is suspended in the baking oven of 30 ℃, and records the mass loss in sample one month.
Fig. 2 is the weightless analytic curve of phase transformation plasterboard.In figure, show that the RT21 on plasterboard continues to run off, and shows that it is not suitable for directly injecting plasterboard, needs encapsulation.Contrary, flooded the plasterboard of the ester class that the present invention produces, its quality not have loss substantially, illustrates that ester class can directly inject plasterboard, and nothing leaks into the danger in environment.
The mixture of plam oil methyl esters/methyl stearate and the vapour pressure of octadecane can prove this result, and Fig. 3 is the contrast of the vapour pressure of octadecane and mixtures of methyl esters.Under different probe temperatures, octadecane always approaches most the vapour pressure of paraffin RT21.The vapour pressure that shows mixtures of methyl esters in figure than paraffin almost low nearly three orders of magnitude.Propyl ester has lower vapour pressure.
Combustionproperty test: matrix material is carried out to combustionproperty test: Fig. 4 with taper calorimeter. the matrix material (without fire retardant) of butter hydrogenation propyl ester and high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE); Fig. 5. the matrix material (having fire retardant) of butter hydrogenation propyl ester and high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE); Fig. 6. the matrix material (without fire retardant) of paraffin RT21 and high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE); Fig. 7. the matrix material (having fire retardant) of paraffin RT21 and high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE).
As shown in Figure 4 to 7, when there is no fire retardant, the heat release rate peak value (PHRR) of above-mentioned ester class in HDPE is 1109kW/m
2(with the PHRR of RT21 be 1507kW/m
2contrast).When there is fire retardant, the PHRR of above-mentioned ester class in HDPE is 783kW/m
2(under same flame retardants condition, the PHRR of RT21 is 1107kW/m
2).Can reach a conclusion: according to the fatty acid ester that the present invention is prepared, compare with RT21, because it becomes compared with low PHRR the PCMs that fire line is higher.
Embodiment 2:
Transesterification reaction: first a certain amount of butter are heated at 100 ℃ to 30 minutes to deviate from residual water-content, be transferred in the reactor that is provided with baffle plate and stirring, then the mixture of methyl alcohol and sodium hydroxide is joined in butter, wherein the molar ratio of butter and methyl alcohol feeds intake by 1:6, and sodium hydroxide is the 0.5wt% of butter quality.Reaction mixture reacts 45 minutes at 65 ℃, reacts after complete approximately 10 minutes, and mixture is divided into two-layer.Faint yellow upper strata is butter methyl esters, and deep yellow lower floor is glycerine.Gained butter methyl esters purifies for 3 times by washed with de-ionized water, simultaneously, in water washing process for the first time, adds several pure hydrochloric acids with neutralized reaction product.
Hydrogenation: butter methyl esters, after cleaning and neutralizing, joins in the borate glass container that contains 2wt% catalyzer, wherein load has the absorbent charcoal powder body of 6wt% palladium as the catalyzer of hydrogenation reaction.By Parr 3921 hydrogenation reaction devices, carry out hydrogenation reaction, reaction pressure is 0.23MPa, and temperature of reaction is 65 ℃, and Glass Containers keeps vibrating state by electric motor.In reaction process, hydrogen is consumed, and makes the pressure drop in borate glass container, correspondingly, hydrogen be again filled with to pressure be 0.23MPa, so that the motivating force that hydrogenation reaction is enough to be provided.When reaction vessel internal pressure no longer changes, hydrogenation reaction completes, and finally uses vacuum diatomite filter separating catalyst from product, obtains pure butter hydrogenation methyl esters.Wherein, utilize gas detector to guarantee that system is without any leakage, hydrogen is provided by hydrogen gas cylinder, and heating jacket and temperature regulator are for maintaining the required temperature of hydrogenation reaction.
By Japanese Shimadzu DSC-60 differential scanning calorimeter, test, all methyl esters are converted into saturated ester completely, and the latent heat of phase change of butter hydrogenation methyl esters is 187.93J/g, and melt temperature is 31.46 ℃.The test result of this embodiment is as shown in Fig. 8～Fig. 9.
Embodiment 3:
Transesterification reaction: except catalyzer and service temperature, experimentation is identical with embodiment 1.By sodium, be dissolved in butanols and make catalyzer sodium butylate, form the butanols mixture containing catalyzer 10%.The boiling point of depressing butanols because of standard atmosphere is about 118 ℃, and temperature of reaction is made as 115 ℃.
Hydrogenation: experimentation is identical with embodiment 1.
By Japanese Shimadzu DSC-60 differential scanning calorimeter, test, all butyl esters are converted into saturated ester completely, and the latent heat of phase change of butter hydrogenation butyl ester is 124.47J/g, and melt temperature is 22 ℃.The test result of this embodiment as shown in figure 10.
Embodiment 4:
Transesterification reaction: the glyceride stock that contains tri-glyceride adopts plam oil, and except catalyzer and service temperature, experimentation is identical with embodiment 1.By sodium, be dissolved in butanols and make catalyzer sodium butylate, form the butanols mixture containing catalyzer 10%.The boiling point of depressing butanols because of standard atmosphere is about 118 ℃, and temperature of reaction is made as 115 ℃.
Hydrogenation: experimentation is identical with embodiment 1.
By Japanese Shimadzu DSC-60 differential scanning calorimeter, test, all butyl esters are converted into saturated ester completely, and the latent heat of phase change of plam oil hydrogenation butyl ester is 106.23J/g, and melt temperature is 22 ℃.The test result of this embodiment as shown in figure 11.
Embodiment 5:
Transesterification reaction: first a certain amount of butter/Oleum Cocois (mass ratio is 0.76:0.24) mixture is heated to 30 minutes to deviate from residual water-content at 100 ℃, be transferred in the reactor that is provided with baffle plate and stirring, then the mixture of methyl alcohol and sodium methylate is joined in butter/coconut oil blend, wherein the molar ratio of butter/coconut oil blend and methyl alcohol feeds intake by 1:6, and sodium methylate is the 0.5wt% of butter/coconut oil blend quality.Reaction mixture reacts 45 minutes at 65 ℃, reacts after complete approximately 10 minutes, and mixture is divided into two-layer.Faint yellow upper strata is butter methyl esters/coconut oil methyl ester mixture, and deep yellow lower floor is glycerine.Gained butter methyl esters/coconut oil methyl ester mixture purifies for 3 times by washed with de-ionized water, simultaneously, in water washing process for the first time, adds several pure hydrochloric acids with neutralized reaction product.
Hydrogenation: butter methyl esters/coconut oil methyl ester mixture, after cleaning and neutralizing, joins in the borate glass container that contains 2wt% catalyzer, wherein load has the absorbent charcoal powder body of 4wt% palladium as the catalyzer of hydrogenation reaction.By Parr 3921 hydrogenation reaction devices, carry out hydrogenation reaction, reaction pressure is 0.25MPa, and temperature of reaction is 55 ℃, and Glass Containers keeps vibrating state by electric motor.In reaction process, hydrogen is consumed, and makes the pressure drop in borate glass container, correspondingly, hydrogen be again filled with to pressure be 0.25MPa, so that the motivating force that hydrogenation reaction is enough to be provided.When reaction vessel internal pressure no longer changes, hydrogenation reaction completes, and finally uses vacuum diatomite filter separating catalyst from product, obtains pure butter methyl esters/coconut oil methyl ester mixture.Wherein, utilize gas detector to guarantee that system is without any leakage, hydrogen is provided by hydrogen gas cylinder, and heating jacket and temperature regulator are for maintaining the required temperature of hydrogenation reaction.
By Japanese Shimadzu DSC-60 differential scanning calorimeter, test, all methyl esters are converted into saturated ester completely, and the latent heat of phase change of butter hydrogenation methyl esters and Oleum Cocois hydrogenation methyl esters (mass ratio is 0.76:0.24) mixture is 130J/g, and melt temperature is 27 ℃.The test result of this embodiment as shown in figure 12.
The above embodiment of the present invention is to explanation of the present invention and can not be for limiting the present invention, and the implication suitable with claims of the present invention and any change in scope, all should think to be included in the scope of claims.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material, is characterized in that, comprises following operation steps:
(1) transesterification reaction: the grease that contains tri-glyceride is reacted under the effect of catalyzer with alcohols and generate fatty acid ester, and described fatty acid ester is cleaned and neutralized, the molar ratio of wherein said grease and alcohols is 1:6, and the catalyzer of described transesterification reaction is metal hydroxides or metal alcoholate;
(2) hydrogenation: the fatty acid ester of preparation in step 1 is carried out to hydrogenation reaction and generate polyunsaturated fatty acid ester, the catalyzer of wherein said hydrogenation is palladium gac, in palladium gac, the massfraction of palladium is 4～6%, and temperature of reaction is 55～65 ℃, and reaction pressure is 0.2～0.3MPa.
2. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described grease is that animal tallow, vegetables oil or both are with the mixture of arbitrary proportion.
3. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described animal tallow is butter.
4. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described vegetables oil is a kind of in plam oil, Oleum Cocois, rapeseed oil, mustard caul-fat, Trisun Oil R 80, soybean oil.
5. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described alcohols is saturated monohydroxy alcohol.
6. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described saturated monohydroxy alcohol is a kind of in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanols.
7. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal hydroxides is alkali metal hydroxide.
8. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described alkali metal hydroxide is a kind of in sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.
9. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal alcoholate is alkali metal alcoholate.
10. the preparation method of a kind of fatty acid ester phase-changing energy storage material according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described alkali metal alcoholate is a kind of in sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium propylate, sodium butylate.
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Application publication date: 20140423 |