CN103734095B - Indoor artificial reproduction method of monoparasitism apanteles ruficrus haliday - Google Patents
Indoor artificial reproduction method of monoparasitism apanteles ruficrus haliday Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is an indoor artificial reproduction method of monoparasitism apanteles ruficrus haliday. The method includes the steps of host breeding and bee breeding; host breeding refers to taking prodenia litura larvae of two to three years old as reproduction hosts, transferring part of the larvae into an environment of 6 DEG C for breeding to be old larvae for pupation, and forming generation overlapping of host larvae; bee breeding includes bee inoculating, cocoon management, adult bee management the like, bee inoculating refers to placing leaves with traces formed by gnawing of the host larvae and five healthy prodenia litura larvae of two to three years old in a flat-bottom test tube of 2x10cm for inoculating for 2 hours, and cocoon and adult bee management needs to be performed under relatively proper conditions and needs to be matched with corresponding management technology. The indoor artificial reproduction method is easy to get in materials, high in reproduction rate and high in stability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture and forestry injurious insect field of biological control, relate to a kind of indoor artificial propagation method of natural enemy insect dominant population, be specifically related to the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee.
Background technology
Along with the improvement of social development and economic technology condition, the administering method of insect, from traditional Natural control and cultural control method, arrives the chemical control method of employing decades after World War II, then the integrated pest management after 20 century 70s, form theoretical system gradually, and obtain extensive approval.
In integrated pest management thought, biological control is an indispensable part, it makes full use of natural controlling factors (as natural enemy etc.), coordinates various prophylactico-therapeutic measures, integrated control is brought up to a kind of control of insect means of carrying out integrated management in units of the ecosystem.
In recent years, utilize ecological method to prevent and treat the focus that agriculture and forestry injurious insect disaster is pest control, and to utilize parasitic wasp to control pest population be also an important component part of integrated pest management.
The research of parasitic wasp for a long time relative to other agriculture and forestry injurious insects research be also in the level relatively fallen behind, this may be the use due to a large amount of chemical agent, while controlling insect, also jeopardize the growth and breeding of parasitic wasp, made parasitic wasp population be in reduced levels always.Certainly, current many new chemical medicaments have done very large improvement on controlling object, and injured by the previous large area to all insects and become present insect selectivity preventive and therapeutic effect, adequately protected natural enemy.But at occurring in nature, parasitic wasp and its insect host originally interdependence, the large area of pest population withers away and the minimizing of parasitic wasp population also can be caused even to be destroyed.Therefore insect natural enemy is protected also need to start with from multiple angle.
The measure of Protect natural enemies has a lot, but in the region of Long-Time Service chemical control means, or when the natural enemy populations that occurring in nature exists originally is relatively less, parasitic wasp population is protected more effective by artificial safeguard measure.Artificial safeguard measure must be based upon on indoor artificial propagation parasitic wasp technology, also will fully take into account the correlation of the seasonality of pest activity, cyclically-varying and parasitic wasp population.Parasitic wasp population and pest population are in the process of long-run development, and can balance by formative dynamics, the parasitic wasp population of artificial propagation can play good supplementary function.The indoor artificial propagation of parasitic wasp can ensure the continuity of control of insect, and namely in the season that insect occurs in a large number, the parasitic wasp of artificial propagation can be rendered to field and go, and cooperatively interacts, reach the object of insect protected with parasitic wasp population under natural conditions; The effect playing protection its population quantity levels less season can be there is again insect.
Current China reaches its maturity for the research of parasitic wasp indoor artificial propagation technology.At occurring in nature, the breeding of parasitic wasp relies on its natural host, and parasitic wasp indoor artificial propagation also should fully take into account this characteristic of parasitic wasp, and therefore, the breeding of parasitic wasp also be unable to do without the cultivation of host.Due to this to the dependence of host, the artificial propagation of parasitic wasp faces a following difficult problem: the first, and whether the breeding of host has continuity; The second, parasitic wasp is small, and translational speed is fast, is difficult to find propagating materials that is suitable, convenient management to breed.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the two problems that the artificial propagation for above-mentioned prior art parasitic wasp faces, so that the prodenia litura in many generations indoorly can be raised continuously for host, be propagating materials with flat based tubes, and the artificial fecundation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee is provided.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee, and the method step is as follows:
Host cultivates: be host egg with prodenia litura, comprises larva cultivation, adult cultivation and ovum and hatches (those processes are all prior art).Getting prodenia litura pieces of an egg is placed on fresh vegetable leaf, in 25-29 DEG C, relative moisture is the Spodoptera litura larvae of raising into for two or three ages in the climatic cabinate of 70%; Wherein, part larva is used to the breeding of cocoon honeybee, another part larva is transferred to raising in 6 DEG C of environment and to pupate, forms the generation overlap of host larva to aged (five or six age) larva with the vegetative period of this larva of staggering, and ensure all has suitable worm to supply the breeding of cocoon honeybee age in any period.
Educate honeybee: the management comprising the inoculation of honeybee, the management of cocoon and honeybee, wherein,
The inoculation of honeybee: in 22-30 DEG C, getting 5 above-mentioned Spodoptera litura larvae is placed on fresh vegetable leaf, after taking food 10min, blade is put into breeding bee tube together with larva, then a queen bee through mating is accessed, by breeding bee tube with being placed horizontally in climatic cabinate after double-deck hospital gauze sealing; After 2h, queen bee is drawn, continue to access to place in the breeding bee tube of larva and blade to carry out next round breeding; Connect the breeding bee tube absorbent cotton after honeybee to seal, and use artificial feed nursing larva instead, in climatic cabinate, be cultured to out cocoon, within every three days, add time foodstuff.Wherein, breeding bee tube is 2 × 10cm flat based tubes; Temperature in climatic cabinate is 25-29 DEG C, relative moisture is 70%.The pipe number connecing honeybee number of times and each inoculation can be determined as the case may be.
The management of cocoon: after going out cocoon, removes the larva in breeding bee tube and remaining foodstuff, cleaning larva ight soil, then breeding bee tube is stored in temperature is 25-29 DEG C, relative moisture is wait for bee eclosion in the climatic cabinate of 70%.
The management of honeybee: hero (female) honeybee that need not be used for breeding takes different way to manages with needs for hero (female) honeybee bred.
After bee eclosion, soaked by the hydromel of cotton balls by 40% volumetric concentration, by cotton balls adherent be fixed on hide honeybee pipe bottom after extracting surplus liquid with tweezers, when hiding honeybee pipe to be inverted, no liquid flows down, cotton balls do not fall and be as the criterion; Again breeding bee tube is docked with the Tibetan honeybee pipe mouth of pipe, utilize honeybee to the detected by scent of honey and the upper property that becomes, the honeybee of emergence (is adopted single head location mode by being incorporated in breeding bee tube to hide in honeybee pipe, namely only fills a drone or queen bee in a Tibetan honeybee pipe), then will hide honeybee channel closure with double gauze; For hero (female) honeybee bred, in dissection Microscopic observation honeybee belly sexual organ form, after distinguishing male and female, often will prop up Tibetan honeybee pipe and supply male and female mating by sex ration 1:1 preservation queen bee and drone, after 24h, be used for breeding through the queen bee of mating; And the honeybee being temporarily not used in breeding is left in separately in the honeybee pipe of Tibetan, be placed in 6 DEG C of environment, honey cotton balls (being generally change once for 24 hours) is changed in timing every day.When changing honey cotton balls, honeybee pipe handstand in Tibetans is made on honeybee becomes, from bottom to top fill in flat tube wall with the cotton balls that the hydromel that new use 40% volumetric concentration clamped by tweezers soaks from the mouth of pipe.Wherein, hiding honeybee pipe is 2 × 10cm flat based tubes.
The prodenia litura host larva that the present invention selects, a kind of omnivorousness pest, 109 section, 389 kinds of host plants can be taken food, tool has the following advantages in the present invention: the cultivation of host larva is simple and easy, survival rate is high, and fertility is strong, and generation overlap is obvious, the of the right age larva that parasitic wasp can be provided to lay eggs in each period, make parasitic wasp raise stable, continuity is strong.
The host density connecing honeybee time and 5 larvas for 2 hours that the present invention adopts, coordinate 2 × 10cm flat based tubes and by host larva gnaw vestige blade formed connect honeybee environment, prove through lot of experiments, in the method, parasitic wasp can gnaw vestige by blade and host larva ight soil carries out high efficiency searching parasitic behavior and lays eggs, ensure that the fertilized egg in the internal excited state nature lower body of a day can effectively discharge, ensure that the efficient breeding of parasitic wasp.
The present invention has fully taken into account the biological habit of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee, and as the upper property that becomes of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee, in the present invention, the horizontal positioned of breeding bee tube is exactly the upper property that becomes avoiding cocoon honeybee, cocoon honeybee fully can be contacted with host larva, complete and lay eggs; Tradition test tube is all with absorbent cotton sealing, and the present invention seals with double-deck hospital gauze, avoids the habit that cocoon honeybee bores seam, prevents cocoon honeybee dead because creeping into the absorbent cotton seam of filling in the mouth of pipe; The cotton ball that the hydromel of 40% volumetric concentration soaks effectively can provide nutrition required in cocoon honeybee one day, and prove through test, the hydromel of 40% volumetric concentration feed under honeybee longest-lived, utilize cocoon honeybee become on habit the replacing of hydromel cotton balls can also be made simple.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the artificial fecundation method flow chart of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee of the present invention.
Embodiment
Propagation method of the present invention is illustrated below, in conjunction with reference to figure 1 with embodiment.
1, the breeding of prodenia litura:
Get 3-4d(be about to hatching) some (each pieces of an egg 1cm of prodenia litura pieces of an egg
2, about have 150 ovum), be placed on fresh cotton leaf, in 27 ± 2 DEG C, wait for hatching in the climatic cabinate of relative moisture 70%.After hatching one age Spodoptera litura larvae troop on cotton leaf and gnaw, routine observation change the blade that jaundice becomes withered, cultivated after 7 days, about Spodoptera litura larvae grew to for two or three ages, may be used for inoculation parasitic wasp every day.Get the Spodoptera litura larvae of about 100, be sub-packed in some insect box containing artificial feed, raise in 6 DEG C of refrigerators, and every day add foodstuff, remaining Spodoptera litura larvae is still fed for numerous honeybee with fresh cotton leaf.
2, the breeding of honeybee:
At 22-30 DEG C, get prodenia litura third-instar larvae some, be positioned on fresh blade, take food after 10min until it, picking 5 larvas, cut the blade that it is gnawed, put into 2 × 10cm breeding bee tube (flat based tubes) together with these 5 larvas, prepare the breeding bee tube that 30 pipes place larva and blade altogether.Then access a queen bee through mating in first breeding bee tube, double-deck hospital gauze sealing, is placed horizontally in climatic cabinate.After 2h, taken out by this breeding bee tube, queen bee is introduced second breeding bee tube, carry out next round breeding, carry out according to this, complete until all breeding bee tubes all connect honeybee, if this queen bee is dead, interchangeable another proceeds through the queen bee of mating.The breeding bee tube absorbent cotton having connect honeybee seals, and changes and feeds larva with artificial feed, cultivates in climatic cabinate (temperature be 25-29 DEG C, relative moisture be 70%), within every 3 days, adds a foodstuff, and records larva and go out cocoon situation.Started cocoon after 7d by the Spodoptera litura larvae of parasitism, 8-9d reaches cocoon peak.When going out cocoon, larva of bee gets out in last two uromeres of host and starts to weave silk, and forms honeybee cocoon after 15min.
Every day connects honeybee 3-4 time, and each 5-10 pipe, determines as the case may be.
3, the management of cocoon:
After going out cocoon, the larva in breeding bee tube and residue foodstuff are removed, cleaning larva ight soil, then breeding bee tube is stored in 27 ± 2 DEG C, waits for bee eclosion in the climatic cabinate of relative moisture 70%.
4, the management of honeybee:
Go out the 7-9d after cocoon, honeybee sprouts wings in a large number.The cotton balls that the hydromel preparing some 40% volumetric concentrations soaks, extracts surplus liquid with tweezers, be fixed on hide honeybee pipe (2 × 10cm flat based tubes) bottom adherent till, during to be inverted test tube, no liquid flows down, cotton balls do not fall and be as the criterion.Breeding bee tube is docked with the Tibetan honeybee pipe mouth of pipe, utilizes honeybee to the detected by scent of honey and the upper property that becomes, the honeybee of emergence being hidden in honeybee pipe by being incorporated in breeding bee tube, hiding in honeybee pipe for one and only filling a drone or queen bee, then will hide honeybee channel closure with double gauze.For hero (female) honeybee bred, in dissection Microscopic observation honeybee belly sexual organ form, after distinguishing male and female, often prop up Tibetan honeybee pipe and supply male and female mating by sex ration 1:1 preservation queen bee and drone, after 24h, can be used for breeding through the queen bee of mating.The honeybee that temporarily there is no need for breeding is left in separately and hides in honeybee pipe, is placed in 6 DEG C of environment and preserves, and changes honey cotton balls every 24 hours.Only flat based tubes need be stood upside down when changing honey cotton balls and make on honeybee becomes, from bottom to top to fill in flat tube wall with the cotton balls that the hydromel that new use 40% volumetric concentration clamped by tweezers soaks from the mouth of pipe.
Experiment proves, carry out the breeding of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee by the inventive method, material easily obtains, and reproduction rate is high, and the breeding cycle is short, and stability is strong, is not subject to seasonal restrictions.
In order to prove effectively can to breed with the present invention and maintain cocoon honeybee population, applicant maintains successful cocoon honeybee population algebraically and quantity is added up to the cocoon honeybee of first generation field acquisition to indoor propagation, and related biological index is analyzed, result is as shown in table 1 below.As can be seen from the table, the cocoon honeybee of the negligible amounts of field acquisition, can carry out expansion by the inventive method numerous and maintain indoor population, be not subject to seasonal restrictions, population quantity is stablized.
The cocoon honeybee quantity after 4 generations bred continuously by table 1 from field acquisition to indoor
Note: 3 honeybees in the 0th generation are that 3 prodenia litura host larva endobiosis larva of bees of field acquisition go out cocoon and sprout wings, and 1st generation was the 0th institute's generation in postpartum generation, and 2nd generation is 1st generation institute generation in postpartum, by that analogy.During owing to breeding at every turn queen bee to connect honeybee number of times situation different, femalely on average connect each queen bee when honeybee number of times represents this breeding with single and on average connect honeybee number of times.
Claims (4)
1. an indoor artificial propagation method for solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee, is characterized in that, the method step is as follows:
A. host's cultivation: be host egg with prodenia litura, get the Spodoptera litura larvae that prodenia litura pieces of an egg raised into for two or three ages;
B. the inoculation of honeybee: in 22-30 DEG C, 5 above-mentioned Spodoptera litura larvae are placed on fresh vegetable leaf, after taking food 10min, blade are put into breeding bee tube together with larva, then a queen bee through mating is accessed, by breeding bee tube with being placed horizontally in climatic cabinate after double-deck hospital gauze sealing; After 1-2h, queen bee is drawn, continue to access to place in the breeding bee tube of larva and blade to carry out next round breeding; Connect the breeding bee tube absorbent cotton after honeybee to seal, and use artificial feed nursing larva instead, in climatic cabinate, be cultured to out cocoon; Wherein, breeding bee tube is 2 × 10cm flat based tubes; Temperature in climatic cabinate is 25-29 DEG C, relative moisture is 70%;
C. the management of cocoon: after going out cocoon, removes larva and feed, cleaning larva ight soil, then breeding bee tube is stored in temperature is 25-29 DEG C, relative moisture is wait for bee eclosion in the climatic cabinate of 70%;
D. the management of honeybee: after bee eclosion, soaks the hydromel of cotton balls by 40% volumetric concentration, hides bottom honeybee pipe after extracting surplus liquid with tweezers by adherent for cotton balls being fixed on, and when hiding honeybee pipe to be inverted, no liquid flows down, cotton balls do not fall and be as the criterion; Again breeding bee tube is docked with the Tibetan honeybee pipe mouth of pipe, the honeybee of emergence being deposited by being incorporated into single head in the honeybee pipe of Tibetan in breeding bee tube, then will hide honeybee channel closure with double gauze; For the honeybee bred, in dissection Microscopic observation honeybee belly sexual organ form, distinguish male and female, often will prop up Tibetan honeybee pipe and supply male and female mating by sex ration 1:1 preservation queen bee and drone, and after 24h, be used for breeding through the queen bee of mating; And the honeybee being temporarily not used in breeding is left in separately in the honeybee pipe of Tibetan, preserve under being placed on 6 DEG C of environment, change honey cotton balls every day; Wherein, hiding honeybee pipe is 2 × 10cm flat based tubes.
2. the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the Spodoptera litura larvae part of raising in described a step to two or three ages is transferred in 6 DEG C of environment to raise to mature larvae to pupate, and forms the generation overlap of host larva with the vegetative period of this larva of staggering.
3. the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in described a step, the Spodoptera litura larvae in two or three ages refers to that getting prodenia litura pieces of an egg is placed on fresh vegetable leaf, in 25-29 DEG C, relative moisture is raise to two or three ages in the climatic cabinate of 70%.
4. the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, changing honey cotton balls in described Step d is stood upside down by Tibetan honeybee pipe to make on honeybee becomes, from bottom to top to fill in flat tube wall with the cotton balls that the hydromel that new use 40% volumetric concentration clamped by tweezers soaks from the mouth of pipe.
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| CN104041462A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-09-17 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling diapause of microplitis syntretomorpha |
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| CN109874753B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2023-06-13 | 广州蛰龙生态科技股份有限公司 | Propagation device and propagation method for insecticidal microorganisms |
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| CN113875704A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 湖北省生物农药工程研究中心 | Indoor propagation method for hornet |
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