Background technology
Electric arc is a kind of gas ionization electric discharge phenomena, is also a kind of plasma. Electric current in electric arc from microcosmic isThe result that electronics and cation move under electric field action, the wherein mobile major part that forms electric current of electronics. The spy of electric arcPoint is that temperature is very high, and electric current is very little, and the duration is short, once there is breakdown point, can frequently occur. When arc discharge, can produceA large amount of heat, the inflammable explosive article around that can ignite, causes fire even to explode. Electric arc on circuit can be divided into two kinds, oneBe normal operation arc, claim " good arc "; Another kind is fault electric arc, claims " bad arc ". " good arc " refer to motor rotation (as electric drill,Dust catcher etc.) produce electric arc. Certainly the arc, producing when people's device for switching, plugging electric also belongs to " good arc ". " bad arc "Fault electric arc, the reason of generation comprises circuit loose contact, insulating barrier is aging etc. Fault electric arc is mainly divided into three kinds in theory:Serial arc, electric arc in parallel and ground arc. The medium of fault electric arc is mainly divided into two kinds of air and carbonization insulators. DifferentThe electric arc that electric arc kind, electric arc medium produce is very different in the performance of current and voltage signals. For fear of occur byThe life, the work safety accident that cause in electric arc, be necessary fault electric arc to carry out deep research. Grinding fault electric arcIn studying carefully, need to produce the sample of the current/voltage of a large amount of fault electric arcs. Need various arcing dress but produce fault electric arcPut and multiple shielding load, form a large amount of combinations. On May 1st, 2013 bulletin, notification number is CN102331536B, name are called and in the patent of invention of " fault electric arc controllable simulative generation device ", disclose a kind of fault electric arc letterNumber simulation generator. This device comprises arc generator structure, circuit interface module, control module; Described arc generator structureComprise the fixed electrode being fixed on base, be slidably mounted on the horizontal sliding table on base, be fixed on movable on horizontal sliding tableElectrode, the stepper motor that drives horizontal sliding table to slide, the relay of two electrodes of connection; Described circuit interface module comprises interchangeArc voltage synchronized sampling circuit and alternating current synchronized sampling circuit; Described control module is controlled by control step motorMovable electrode moves, and makes to produce electric arc between two electrodes, realizes blow-out by control relay, gathers electricity by circuit interface modulePress and electric current. This device has solved the simulation to fault electric arc to a certain extent, but still has defect, i.e. this deviceCannot simulate at any time as required different types of fault electric arc signal, therefore still can not meet the demand of scientific research.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provides one can simulate as required variety classes for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior artThe fault electric arc signal imitation generating means of fault electric arc signal, and the fault electric arc signal that this device produces is closed by numeral completelyBecome, and do not need any mechanical generating means such as similar arcing device.
To achieve these goals, the invention discloses a kind of fault electric arc signal imitation generating means, it is characterized in thatComprise following part:
Fault electric arc signal pickup assembly, described fault electric arc signal pickup assembly is by current collection circuit and voltage acquisitionThe electric circuit constitute, described current collection circuit comprises current transformer, low pass filter and amplifying circuit; Described voltage collection circuitComprise voltage signal for gathering arc generating device two ends and the voltage transformer of civil power synchronizing signal;
Fault electric arc signal digitalizer, for by the fault electricity of coming from the collection of fault electric arc signal pickup assemblyArc signal carries out digitized processing, and processes and control exporting central authorities to through digitized processing fault electric arc signal laterUnit;
Central authorities process and control module, comprise for the instruction input of man-machine exchange and display unit, fault electric arc sampleMemory, shielding load sample storage, digital synthesis unit and digital to analog converter, described fault electric arc sample storage and screenCover load sample storage for storing fault electric arc signal and the shielding load from the input of fault electric arc signal digitalizerUpper current signal, described digital synthesis unit completes current analog signal according to the instruction of instruction input and display unit inputComputing, arithmetic expression is as follows:
Wherein IaiFor being stored in the N class fault electric arc current signal in fault electric arc sample storage, AaiPut for correspondingMultiple (i=1,2,3 greatly ... N); ImjFor being stored in current signal in the M type shielding load in shielding load sample storage, AmjFor corresponding multiplication factor, (j=1,2,3 ... M); Described digital to analog converter is by the current analog signal from digital synthesis unit inputCarry out digital-to-analogue conversion with program control signal, and export the current analog signal after digital-to-analogue conversion and program control signal to program control meritRate amplifying unit;
Program control power amplification unit, described program control power amplification unit to the current analog signal after digital-to-analogue conversion andProgram control signal carries out exporting after power amplification.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by all kinds of fault electric arc signals of fault electric arc signal pickup assembly collection and shieldingCurrent signal in load, and it is classified respectively and is stored in corresponding fault electric arc sample storage and shielding load sample storageIn device, the fault electric arc signal kinds that therefore this device can be simulated as required, from fault electric arc sample storage and shieldingIn load sample storage, select electric current sample of signal in corresponding fault electric arc signal and shielding load, synthesize single by numeralUnit's simulation combination, and export the current analog signal after digital-to-analogue conversion and program control signal to program control power amplification unit,Can obtain required fault electric arc analog signal, meet the demand of scientific research, also not need any machines such as similar arcing deviceTool generating means.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, this fault electric arc signal imitation generating means comprises following part: fault electric arc signals collectingDevice, fault electric arc signal digitalizer, central processing and control module and program control power amplification unit. Wherein said faultArc signal harvester is made up of current collection circuit and voltage collection circuit, and described current collection circuit comprises Current Mutual InductanceDevice, low pass filter and amplifying circuit; Described voltage collection circuit comprises the voltage letter for gathering arc generating device two endsNumber and the voltage transformer of civil power synchronizing signal; Fault electric arc signal digitalizer, for will be from fault electric arc signals collectingIn device, gather the fault electric arc signal of coming and carry out digitized processing, and will believe through digitized processing fault electric arc laterNumber exporting central authorities to processes and control module; Central authorities process and control module, comprise for the instruction of man-machine exchange and input and showShowing device, fault electric arc sample storage, shielding load sample storage, digital synthesis unit and digital to analog converter, described eventBarrier electric arc sample storage at least comprises that series fault arc memory, parallel arc fault memory and earth fault electric arc depositsOne in reservoir; Described shielding load sample storage at least comprises resistance wire shielding load sample storage, fluorescent lamp screenCover load sample storage, convertible frequency air-conditioner shielding load sample storage, micro-wave oven shielding load sample storage, electromagnetic oven screenCover load sample storage, electric drill shielding load sample storage, dust catcher shielding load sample storage and refrigerator shieldingOne in load sample storage. Described fault electric arc sample storage and shielding load sample storage are for storing from eventCurrent signal in the fault electric arc signal of barrier arc signal digitalizer input and shielding load, described digital synthesis unit rootInstruction according to instruction input and display unit input completes the computing to current analog signal, and arithmetic expression is as follows:
Wherein IaiFor being stored in the N class fault electric arc current signal in fault electric arc sample storage, AaiPut for correspondingMultiple (i=1,2,3 greatly ... N); ImjFor being stored in current signal in the M type shielding load in shielding load sample storage, AmjFor corresponding multiplication factor, (j=1,2,3 ... M); Described digital to analog converter is by the current analog signal from digital synthesis unit inputCarry out digital-to-analogue conversion with program control signal, and export the current analog signal after digital-to-analogue conversion and program control signal to program control meritRate amplifying unit;
Program control power amplification unit, described program control power amplification unit to the current analog signal after digital-to-analogue conversion andProgram control signal carries out exporting after power amplification.
As shown in Figure 2, in this specific embodiment, in fault electric arc signal pickup assembly, current signal is by current transformer T1Gather and obtain and be converted to voltage signal, remove clutter noise jamming by low pass filter F1, then it is defeated to pass through amplifying circuit A1Go out. Live line Zero line both end voltage signal is depressured to suitable amplitude output through voltage transformer T2. As an alternative, also can be at electricityAfter pressure transformer T2, add a zero-crossing detection circuit C1, in the time of voltage zero-cross, export high level, so just can complete electricityPress the output of cycle synchronisation signal. In this specific embodiment, the specification of current transformer T1 be maximum current 20A or more than, justLevel secondary coil is than N:1, and N is determined by the transformer model of selecting itself, usually N=1000. By T1 and resistance RT(10 Ω) entersRow is in parallel, and current signal is converted into voltage signal. If the electric current on live wire (LINE) is I, output voltage is UT, voltage is mutualThe voltage signal of sensor T2 with the pass that needs the current signal extracting is:
Low pass filter F1 is designed to the RC low pass filter that cut-off frequency is 1MHz, as shown in Figure 3. Further, canImproving low pass filter F1 is active filter, to obtain better frequency response characteristic. As shown in Figure 4, amplifying circuit A1 byOperational amplifier composition, resistance R 1, R2 can adjust according to the requirement of gain, gain G=R2/R1 in theory. If A1 simultaneouslyGain can not satisfy the demands, and an identical amplifying circuit on can also connecting again after output point A1_OUTPUT, forms twoLevel is amplified, the product that overall gain is amplifier gains at different levels. F1 and A1 are all connected to virtual ground end VGND, produce VGNDCircuit as shown in Figure 5. Power source voltage Vcc need to be adjusted according to the model of operational amplifier, computing in the present embodimentThe Vcc=3.3V that amplifier is corresponding. Voltage transformer T2 is below 10V by the 220V voltage step-down of civil power, has ensured can not burnCollecting device. Zero passage detection also can directly be exported zero liang of point voltage waveform of fire to voltage output end Uout by software and readGet post processing and obtain.
In the present embodiment, fault electric arc signal digitalizer is selected the data collecting card of American National instrument company (NI),Coordinate the data acquisition interface program based on LabVIEW exploitation. This data collecting card can be set input channel, sample rate, preservationThe parameters such as path, can show the waveform of sampling by virtual oscilloscope simultaneously. LabVIEW is installed on PC end, can will gather gainedData save as special TDM or TDMS form, the present embodiment use conversion program read TDM or TDMS file and save asThe form that applicable embedded system reads, the length of each sampling number certificate is 16 floating numbers. The amplitude of sample must first warpCross normalized, between arrive-1A ~ 1A of amplitude normalization, then deposit data file in. It is continuous multiple week due to what obtainThe signal of phase, conversion program can be according to the zero crossing of voltage signal, current waveform is intercepted with the cycle, and each cycle is as oneSample. This program is determined the initial sum terminating point of voltage cycle by the zero crossing of detectable voltage signals Uout. By part(1) signals collecting of exporting is also stored on computer.
As shown in Figure 6, the LCD control that the central authorities of the present embodiment process and control module uses a LCD touch screen to formPanel processed is as instruction input and display unit (can certainly adopt display to add keyboard), by LCD control panel to central authoritiesControl module transformation parameter. It is the data that core forms that numeral synthesis unit is selected 32 embedded type CPU chips of a STM32Treatment system, fault electric arc sample storage and shielding load sample storage can be made up of memory peripheral in system;When user is after control panel sets signal parameter, CPU chooses at random a series of from selected fault electric arc sample poolSample (sample is the sampled data of one-period), and carry out linear superposition with selected shielding load signal, then logicalAfter crossing DAC conversion and power amplification, be loaded on the circuit of output, form current signal and produce synchronous voltage signal.In this specific embodiment, fault electric arc sample pool comprises: the fault electric arc of series connection resistive load, the fault electricity of tandem motorThe fault electric arc of arc, series connection air compressor, the fault electric arc of series connection electromagnetic oven etc.; Shielding load sample comprises: resistance wire, glimmeringLight modulation, convertible frequency air-conditioner, micro-wave oven, electromagnetic oven, electric drill, dust catcher, refrigerator etc., arrange respectively corresponding sample storage. From eventThe signal of inputting in barrier arc signal digitalizer passes through the processing such as denoising, segmentation, screening, re-quantization, format conversion againAfter, data, taking each cycle as sample unit, are downloaded in corresponding fault electric arc sample pool.
Numeral synthesis unit carries out fault electric arc simulation, specific as follows: to establish the normalized signal of fault electric arc electric current altogetherHave N class, this Wei Iai(i=1,2,3 ... N), multiplication factor Aai, the M class altogether of the normallized current in shielding load, is respectively Imj(j=1,2,3 ... M), multiplication factor Amj, output current is:
According to characteristic and the parameter of the desired fault electric arc of instruction of inputting from instruction input and display unit, by upperThe signal amplification factor of stating these kinds in formula (2) is adjusted to respective value, and the multiplication factor of not selected signal is establishedBe set to zero. After calculating the numerical value of each sampling, by digital analog converter (DAC), data signal is converted to simulation letterNumber, be converted to continuous signal by discrete signal, be then input in power amplifier, digital composition algorithm passes through internal processesRealize, program flow chart is referring to Fig. 7. The effect of power amplifier is that the size of current of signal is amplified by a certain percentage, putsLarge multiple is determined by central control circuit.
Program control power amplification circuit in program control power amplification unit is made up of two parts, i.e. programmable amplifying circuit and powerAmplifying circuit. In Fig. 4, DAC1 and DAC2 are digital to analog converter. DAC1 exports program-controlled voltage, DAC2 outputting analog signal voltage.Programmable amplifying circuit is made up of two-stage AD603, as shown in Figure 8. DAC1 in Fig. 8 is connected respectively two AD603 with DAC2, finalOutput voltage be connected to a power amplification circuit with output transformer.
Use the simulation generator of this fault electric arc signal, by adjusting different parameter options, can simulate theseThe signal that the combination of arcing device and shielding load produces, thus Sample producing process in experiment greatly simplified, improve and groundStudy carefully efficiency.
Technical scheme in the present invention is not only applicable to the simulation of fault electric arc signal code voltage, can be extended to simultaneously yetThe simulation of other types current and voltage signals occurs.