CN108107329A - A kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method - Google Patents
A kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108107329A CN108107329A CN201611052267.0A CN201611052267A CN108107329A CN 108107329 A CN108107329 A CN 108107329A CN 201611052267 A CN201611052267 A CN 201611052267A CN 108107329 A CN108107329 A CN 108107329A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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Abstract
The invention belongs to electrical system security technology areas, are related to a kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method.Include the following steps：Step 1 with a certain sample rate f s Sample AC current waveforms, takes the amplitude of half period upper N number of sampled point, and the taken half period is expanded to the complete cycle for including 2*N sampled point by " half period counter translate " method；Step 2 carries out the fft analysis of N FFT points to waveform complete cycle obtained in step 1, and fft analysis points are more than or equal to 2*N；The sum of step 3, fft analysis obtains in calculation procedure two the 7th time to the energy content of each Frequency point between the 25th subharmonic accounts for the percentage of harmonic wave gross energy；Step 4, if the energy percentage being calculated in step 3 is more than given threshold, arc event has occurred in judgement, and the threshold values is 0.0085 0.015；If arc event reaches 8 times in 100ms, then it is assumed that arc fault has occurred.Provide a kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method with broad applicability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrical system security technology areas, are related to a kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method.
Background technology
Aviation cable is equivalent to the artery and neutral net of aircraft, and the reliability of Aviation cable is heavy to closing for aircraft
It will.And the fault electric arc generated on Aviation cable is an important factor for influencing its reliability, the damage of circuit or connecting fault are all
It is possible that cause arc fault.The temperature of electric arc is very high, and electric arc can generate substantial amounts of heat when discharging, therefore under smaller current grade
The electric arc of generation is just adequate to bring about fire.The overcurrent of traditional solid-state power controller and the function of short-circuit protection can not be protected
Arc event, therefore the function of arc-detection is integrated into SSPC with great meaning.
Electric arc is in units of the half period.US Airways arc-fault circuit interrupter standard " SAE AS5692 " is advised
Fixed, for the single-phase 115V400Hz circuits of aviation, the detection of electric arc should be in units of the arc current half period, and with 100ms
It is arc fault criterion inside to detect 8 half period electric arcs.Many document analysises frequency domain character of alternating current arc electric current simultaneously carries
Detection criteria has been taken, theoretical foundation has been established for fault electric arc detection and the research of protection technique, but has all been with complete cycle or more
Long data segment carries out Spectrum Conversion and analysis for unit, therefore the feature of gained can not accurately reflect electric arc half cycle feature,
It is not suitable for the frequency domain character criterion as the detection of electric arc half cycle.Such as document " research of aviation AC fault arc characteristic, low pressure
Electric appliance, 2011, Vol 2, the frequency domain character of the electric current complete cycle containing electric arc is analyzed in p19-23 ", drawn with electricity
Arc current DC component, 3 order harmonic components and high fdrequency component (10-50kHz) change to identify the conclusion of fault electric arc.Document
" research and diagnosis of tandem type fault electric arc signal, Liu Hua " then carry out FFT transform and on this basis to continuous 50 cycles
Carry out signature analysis.
Patent " the quick electric arc fault-detection data preprocess method of CN201510377279 alternating current solid-state power controllers "
What is proposed carries out the obtained half period sequence of sampling " half period counter translate " method and can carry out continuation complete cycle simultaneously with half period
And the feature of the half period of electric arc can be retained.This method is the half period frequency domain character analysis of electric arc and detection criteria shape
One basis.The implementation of " half period counter translate " is as follows：
Assuming that the current data in the N point cycles of neotectonics is Awhole=a [1]~a [N], and preceding N/2 point, i.e. Aformer
=a [1]~a [N/2] be actual current gathered data, then the rear N/2 point constructed, i.e. Alatter=a [N/2+1]~a [N]
Meet formula following formula：
In formula,After neotectonics waveformIt is a,Before actual current waveformA point.
Many documents are proposed using frequency domain method to detect electric arc, after FFT transform, find out the spy of electric arc frequency domain
The characteristic value of frequency range sets threshold value to be handled where sign.However it uses characteristic value form but often to lack normalization spy
Property, if being as a result often that sample frequency is different, FFT points it is different or even or current value it is different, then threshold value need to be set again
It puts, reduces the scope of application of algorithm.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that：A kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method with broad applicability is provided.
Technical scheme：A kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method, it is characterised in that the method is included such as
Lower step：
Step 1 with a certain sample rate f s Sample AC current waveforms, takes the half period to go up the amplitude of N number of sampled point, by " half
Cycle is counter to be translated " the taken half period expands to the complete cycle for including 2*N sampled point by method；
Step 2 carries out the fft analysis of N-FFT points to waveform complete cycle obtained in step 1, and fft analysis points are more than
Equal to 2*N；
Step 3, the 7th energy to each Frequency point between the 25th subharmonic that fft analysis obtains in calculation procedure two
The sum of content accounts for the percentage of harmonic wave gross energy；
Step 4, if the energy percentage being calculated in step 3 is more than given threshold, electric arc thing has occurred in judgement
Part, the threshold values are 0.0085-0.015；
If arc event reaches 8 times in 100ms, then it is assumed that arc fault has occurred.
Preferably, sample rate f s is more than or equal to 200KHz.
Preferably, the integral number power that fft analysis points are 2 is made.
Preferably, using the energy spectral density of alternating current as the energy on each Frequency point.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Frequency domain character analysis and the choosing of binding tests result are carried out in units of the half period of electric arc
Feature band criterion is taken, more meets the substantive characteristics of electric arc, improves the accuracy of detection of arc fault；Using feature band energy
Percentage reaches normalization effect, is suitable for plurality of sampling rates, FFT points and current amplitude, extends adaptability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the implementing procedure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the terminal voltage and arc current waveform of actual arc；
Fig. 3 is the arc current waveform under the different arcing voltages of ideal that modeling constructs；
Fig. 4 is the fft analysis result of 3 groups of ideal arc currents；
Fig. 5 is the fft analysis result of 3 groups of actual arc electric currents；
Fig. 6 is the fft analysis result of 2 groups of actual normal currents；
Fig. 7 is the characteristic value D and testing result of embodiment 1, wherein arc event has occurred in 1 representative, electricity does not occur for 0 representative
Arc event；
Fig. 8 is the characteristic value D and testing result of embodiment 2, wherein arc event has occurred in 1 representative, electricity does not occur for 0 representative
Arc thing.
Specific embodiment
The present invention samples arc current with a certain sample rate, takes N number of sampling point value in the arc current half period,
Fft analysis is carried out after carrying out continuation complete cycle by " half period counter translate ", passes through the waveform modelling to arc current and experiment number
According to being arc characteristic frequency band between 7 to 25 subharmonic of comprehensive selection, 7 subharmonic are calculated to the energy content between 25 subharmonic
Percentage thinks that electric arc, the event frequency of electric arc has occurred in the detected half period if the value is more than the threshold value of setting
Add 1.If the number that arc event occurs in continuous 100ms reaches 8 times, it is judged to that arc fault has occurred, uploads electric arc
Main control module or direct cut-off loop of the Reflector signal to SSPC.
The arc characteristic criterion of the present invention represents the half period feature of electric arc, more meets the intrinsic propesties of electric arc, therefore can
To improve accuracy of detection；The energy content percentage ratio method of use realizes normalization, suitable for different sample frequencys, difference
FFT counts and different current amplitudes, extends the applicability of the invention.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method, it is special
Point is using following steps：
Step 1: with a certain sample rate f s Sample AC current waveforms, in order to ensure in aviation exchange 400Hz power supply power supplies
Under, the characteristic information of electric arc is not lost in the current signal collected, fs should be greater than being equal to 200KHz.Take the N on the half period
The exhibition of taken half period point is the complete cycle of 2*N points by " half period counter translate " method by the amplitude of a sampled point.
Step 2: carrying out the fft analysis of N points to waveform complete cycle obtained in step 1, the analysis points of wherein FFT should
More than or equal to 2*N, the integral number power that the analysis points of FFT are 2 can be made in order to improve arithmetic speed.
Step 3: the 7th energy to each Frequency point between the 25th subharmonic that fft analysis obtains in calculation procedure two
The sum of content accounts for the percentage of harmonic wave gross energy；
(1) principle determines that the characteristic spectra of electric arc is 7 subharmonic between 25 subharmonic in accordance with the following methods：
Electric arc terminal voltage and current waveform are observed, is summarized as follows conclusion：Electric arc terminal voltage in arcing maintains essentially in 15V
Left and right, voltage is approximately more than 15V during the starting the arc, when terminal voltage is less than about 15V then arc extinctions after arcing, such as attached drawing 1.It is assumed that it rises
Arc and blowout voltage are 15V, and electric arc both end voltage is 15V, load resistance R during arcingload=1 Ω, supply voltage are denoted as Vs, then
Flow through the electric current I of electric arcarcIt can be expressed as：
Similar, thus it is possible to vary arcing voltage 30V, 50V.Arc current waveform, such as attached drawing are drawn according to above-mentioned formula
Actual arc current waveform shape in 2, with attached drawing 1 is coincide substantially.
FFT decomposition is carried out to the preferable arc current waveform that modeling constructs, such as attached drawing 3, is obtained as drawn a conclusion：If it rises
Arc voltage is 15V, and about before 35 subharmonic (14K), odd harmonic content reduces with the increase of overtone order；From 35
Subharmonic is between about 200 times, and frequency spectrum generates the concussion of odd harmonic with 34 for the cycle, with the raising of arcing voltage, base
Wave component reduces, and the position of first time trough shifts to an earlier date, and cycle of oscillation reduces, and harmonic content higher.
Fft analysis is carried out to actual arc current waveform, such as attached drawing 4, substantially coincide, can see with preferable spectral trends
Go out to have the periodic vibratility of the high fdrequency component of some waveforms to be not obvious, and the frequency spectrum of some normal currents may also be due to environment
Interference etc. reasons make harmonic content it is higher (such as in attached drawing 5 the 3rd group of arc current with the 2nd group of normal current in attached drawing 6 compared with height
Frequency component is close, incomparable significantly high component characterization) or even in high frequency section can exceed that arc fault value, and positive ordinary wave
The distortion of shape also tend to produce bigger effect in the low harmony wave section near fundamental frequency (such as in attached drawing 5 the 3rd group of arc current it is low
Frequency harmonic component is slightly less than the 1st group of normal current in attached drawing 6).Therefore before the first bigger trough of selection component, from fundamental frequency
Harmonic wave farther out as characteristic spectra, Binding experiment data analysis and synthesis result, 7 subharmonic of final choice to 25 subharmonic it
Between be fault electric arc feature band.
(2) the percentage D of the sum of feature band energy content is calculated：
Remembering sequence of current samples of the x (n) for time domain after " anti-translation transformation ", X (K) is the sequence after FFT transform, | X
(K)|2For the energy spectral density of signal, distribution size of the signal energy on each Frequency point is described, D is 7 to 25 subharmonic
Between the sum of the energy content of each Frequency point percentage.
Step 4: judging whether analyzed current half occurs arc event：If the energy percentage that step 3 calculates
It is more than given threshold than D, it is believed that arc event has occurred, arc event count value adds 1；Otherwise it is assumed that arc event does not occur,
The threshold value set is 0.0085-0.015.
Step 5: judge whether that arc fault has occurred：If arc event count value reaches 8 in 100ms, then it is assumed that occurs
Arc fault uploads arc fault mark or direct cut-off loop to SSPC.
Embodiment 1
The aviation electric current that frequency is 400Hz with the sample frequency of 500KHz is sampled, feature is calculated after carrying out 2048 point FFT
Value D.Such as Fig. 7, the current waveform obtained from sampling can be seen that about generates electric arc since 0.054s, is counted after 0.054s
The characteristic value D of obtained arc current substantially increases compared to the characteristic value D of the normal current before 0.054s, normal current
Characteristic value D be less than 0.0085, and the characteristic value of arc current is then more than 0.04, therefore is accurately detected using set threshold value
Electric arc.
Embodiment 2
The aviation electric current that frequency is 400Hz with the sample frequency of 1MHz is sampled, characteristic value D is calculated after being 2500 point FFT.
Such as Fig. 8, electric arc about takes place from the half period after 0.1s, the normal current characteristic value D before the 0.1s being calculated is less than
Arc current characteristic value D after 0.008,0.1s is more than 0.02, and electric arc is equally detected using set threshold value.Comparison diagram 7, can
Even if to find out using different sample frequencys, FFT points and different current amplitude, during obtained normal and arc fault
Characteristic value order of magnitude it is consistent, the form of this feature value of the present invention realizes normalization, extends making for algorithm
Use scope.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. alternating current arc frequency domain detection method, it is characterised in that the method includes the following steps：Step 1 with a certain sample rate f s Sample AC current waveforms, takes the half period to go up the amplitude of N number of sampled point, by " the half period The taken half period is expanded to the complete cycle for including 2*N sampled point by anti-translation " method；Step 2 carries out the fft analysis of N-FFT points to waveform complete cycle obtained in step 1, and fft analysis points are more than or equal to 2*N；Step 3, the 7th energy content to each Frequency point between the 25th subharmonic that fft analysis obtains in calculation procedure two The sum of account for the percentage of harmonic wave gross energy；Step 4, if the energy percentage being calculated in step 3 is more than given threshold, arc event has occurred in judgement, institute The threshold values stated is 0.0085-0.015；If arc event reaches 8 times in 100ms, then it is assumed that arc fault has occurred.
- 2. a kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Sample rate f s is more than or equal to 200KHz。
- 3. a kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Make fft analysis points for 2 Integral number power.
- 4. a kind of alternating current arc frequency domain detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：By the energy spectrum of alternating current Density is as the energy on each Frequency point.
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| CN110763958A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-02-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Direct current arc detection method, device, equipment, system and storage medium |
| CN111913041A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-10 | 安徽一天电能质量技术有限公司 | Alternating current switch cabinet arc light detection system and method thereof |
| TWI755139B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-02-11 | 台達電子工業股份有限公司 | Signal sampling circuit for arc detection |
| CN117076933A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2023-11-17 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Training of arc judgment model, photovoltaic direct current arc detection method and computing equipment |
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Application publication date: 20180601 |