CN107247218B - Distribution network line fault type identification method - Google Patents

Distribution network line fault type identification method Download PDF

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CN107247218B
CN107247218B CN201710594427.2A CN201710594427A CN107247218B CN 107247218 B CN107247218 B CN 107247218B CN 201710594427 A CN201710594427 A CN 201710594427A CN 107247218 B CN107247218 B CN 107247218B
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fault
sequence equivalent
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arc voltage
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CN107247218A (en
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王洪林
董涛
刘亚东
刘柱揆
赵静
杨根甜
周正炼
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Electric Power Research Institute of Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of distribution network fault detection, in particular to a distribution network line fault type identification method. At present, a diagnosis method for identifying faults by providing specific quantitative indexes aiming at arc characteristics of different fault types does not existThe report is about. The application provides a power distribution network line fault type identification method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring voltage and current waveforms of a fault line; calculating the arc voltage V by using the least square methodarc(ii) a Obtaining the variance of the continuous single-phase earth fault to obtain the mean value V of the stable section of the arc voltage amplitudezrc(ii) a Will VzrcAnd a set threshold value VsetAnd comparing and identifying the type of the line fault of the power distribution network. According to the fault type identification method and the fault type identification device, the fault type is identified by a specific arc voltage calculation formula of the fault waveform and according to the causes of different fault types, and corresponding arc voltage criteria are provided for different fault types. The method provides a new method for identifying the fault type of the power distribution network line.

Description

Distribution network line fault type identification method
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power distribution network fault detection, in particular to a distribution network line fault type identification method.
Background
In recent years, with the development of society and economy and the continuous progress of industrial and agricultural production in China, the demand on electric power resources is more and more increased. The power distribution network is a network for directly distributing power, and because the power distribution network directly faces to users, the power supply reliability and safety of the power distribution network are more and more important to people. The 10kV overhead distribution line is used as an important component of a power distribution network, has the characteristics of large quantity, wide line length and low insulation level, but has high tripping failure rate. The method has the advantages that the fault type of the distribution network line is accurately judged through the fault site waveform, and the method has great significance for improving the operation and maintenance level of the distribution line and reducing the fault rate. On one hand, the fault type can be judged more quickly and accurately to remove the fault, and the fault removing method is beneficial for the distribution line operation and maintenance unit to find out the defects in operation and maintenance work in time. On the other hand, the real-time monitoring of the field waveform and the comparison and analysis of the characteristic quantity of the historical cases in the database are carried out, so that the fault prediction is realized, and a basis is provided for the next step of formulating specific technical measures to eliminate hidden dangers.
In the aspect of power distribution network line fault type identification, the research of identification, diagnosis and positioning methods for high-resistance faults, single-phase earth faults and intermittent faults in China has been carried out, and the methods comprise a passive positioning method, an active positioning method, a monitoring positioning method, an intelligent positioning method and the like. Related researches are carried out abroad to analyze faults caused by three fault reasons of animals, lightning strikes and trees, provide a basis for judging by utilizing fault three-phase voltage and current waveforms, analyze time-frequency characteristics of line fault voltage and current waveforms caused by equipment and animals and provide corresponding preventive measures.
At present, no relevant report exists on a diagnosis method for identifying faults by providing specific quantitative indexes aiming at arc characteristics of different fault types.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to solve the technical blank of the diagnosis method for identifying the fault by providing specific quantitative indexes aiming at different fault type arc characteristics.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the following technical scheme: a distribution network line fault type identification method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring voltage and current waveforms of the fault line;
s2 calculating arc voltage V by least square methodarc；
S3 obtaining the average value V of the stable section of the arc voltage amplitudezrc；
S4 dividing VzrcAnd a set threshold value VsetAnd comparing and identifying the type of the line fault of the power distribution network.
Optionally, the power distribution network line comprises a three-phase circuit, and the three-phase circuit is decoupled into a positive-sequence equivalent circuit, a negative-sequence equivalent circuit and a zero-sequence equivalent circuit through phase-mode transformation.
Optionally, the differential equation expressions of the positive sequence equivalent circuit, the negative sequence equivalent circuit and the zero sequence equivalent circuit are as follows:
Figure GDA0001385946400000021
Figure GDA0001385946400000022
Figure GDA0001385946400000023
wherein v isp、vn、voThe voltage components of the left terminal phase in the positive sequence equivalent circuit, the negative sequence equivalent circuit and the zero sequence equivalent circuit of the circuit are respectively; v. ofFp、vFn、vF0Fault phase voltage components in the positive sequence equivalent circuit, the negative sequence equivalent circuit and the zero sequence equivalent circuit respectively; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, R0Is a zero sequence equivalent resistance; l is positive and negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0Is a zero sequence equivalent inductance; i.e. ip、in、i0Respectively, the equivalent currents in positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence circuits.
Optionally, the voltage of the faulty line is expressed as follows:
vF＝va+Raia (4)
wherein v isFFor faulty phase voltages, vaIs the arc voltage, RaAs a fault resistance, iaIs a fault current.
Optionally, the mathematical expression of the arc voltage is as follows:
va(t)＝Vasgn[i(t)]+ξ(t) (5)
wherein v isa(t) and i (t) are arc voltage and current, respectively, VaIn the form of the amplitude of a square wave, sgn is a sign function, ξ (t)
Is zero mean white noise.
Optionally, the expression of the arc voltage amplitude is as follows:
Figure GDA0001385946400000024
wherein v is1For the arc voltage amplitude, epsilon takes into account the total error component of the measurement error and the modeling error, KL＝(L0-L)/L，Re＝(R0-R+kaRa) L is positive and negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0Is a zero sequence equivalent inductance; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, R0Is a zero sequence equivalent resistance, RaTo a fault resistance, kaIs a proportionality coefficient; vaIs the amplitude of the square wave, sgn is a sign function, i0I is an equivalent current in the zero sequence circuit and is an arc current.
Optionally, the faulty line comprises a close-proximity fault, and the arc voltage amplitude of the close-proximity fault is expressed as follows:
Figure GDA0001385946400000025
wherein, R is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, L is a positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, and VaFor the arc voltage, i is the arc current, sgn (i) is a sign function, i.e.
Figure GDA0001385946400000026
Optionally, solving for V in S2arcThe expression of (a) is as follows:
Figure GDA0001385946400000031
wherein, VfIs a fault phase voltage; i isfIs the fault phase current; l is a positive-negative sequence equivalent inductor; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance; varcIs the arc voltage;
Figure GDA0001385946400000032
alternatively, when Vzrc>VsetJudging the internal fault caused by the equipment; when V iszrc<VsetAnd judging the external fault caused by the collision of the trees and the vehicles.
Optionally, the Vset＝520V。
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the fault type identification method and the fault type identification device, the fault type is identified by a specific arc voltage calculation formula of the fault waveform and according to the causes of different fault types, and corresponding arc voltage criteria are provided for different fault types. The method provides a new method for identifying the fault type of the power distribution network line, and the provided criterion index and threshold value are simple and accurate in calculation mode.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase ground fault on a phase power line in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a positive sequence equivalent circuit and a negative sequence equivalent circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a zero sequence equivalent circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of real arc voltage and arc current waveforms in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a model for estimating the voltage amplitude of a single-phase fault arc according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of fault arc voltage magnitude distributions for different fault types in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
When an external fault occurs, namely a tree or a vehicle is in line contact, high-voltage discharge can be caused, and high-voltage electricity is grounded through a trunk and the like to cause high-voltage single-phase grounding, so that the high-voltage single-phase grounding can be regarded as a parallel arc fault; and equipment faults due to insulation degradation and poor contact can be considered as series arc faults. The arc length and the arc voltage of the series arc model and the parallel arc model are different, so that the specific reasons causing the line fault can be analyzed by researching the fault arc model of the distribution line, and specific quantitative indexes and criteria based on the arc voltage are provided, so that the fault type can be identified.
Referring to fig. 1-6, assume a single phase earth arc fault occurring in a distribution line. In FIG. 1, vA、vBAnd vCIs the phase voltage at the left end of the line, iA、iBAnd iCIs the phase current at the left end of the line, vaIs the arc voltage, RaIs fault resistance, vfIs the fault phase voltage. The three-phase circuit in the figure can be decoupled into a positive sequence, a negative sequence and a zero sequence equivalent circuit through phase-mode transformation. The positive and negative sequence equivalent circuits are shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, R and L are the resistance and inductance of the positive and negative sequence lines, respectively. The zero sequence equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, all variables and parameters are zero sequence variables and parameters.
For the equivalent circuits in fig. 2 and 3, the expression of the difference equation for positive-sequence, negative-sequence and zero-sequence is as follows:
Figure GDA0001385946400000041
Figure GDA0001385946400000042
Figure GDA0001385946400000043
wherein v isp、vn、voThe voltage components of the left terminal phase in the positive sequence equivalent circuit, the negative sequence equivalent circuit and the zero sequence equivalent circuit of the circuit are respectively; v. ofFp、vFn、vF0Fault phase voltage components in the positive sequence equivalent circuit, the negative sequence equivalent circuit and the zero sequence equivalent circuit respectively; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, R0Is a zero sequence equivalent resistance; l is positive and negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0Is a zero sequence equivalent inductance; i.e. ip、in、i0Respectively, the equivalent currents in positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence circuits.
The parameters R and L of the positive and negative sequence equivalent lines are frequency independent, so equations (1) and (2) are correct. In the formula (3), R0And L0The frequency-dependent line parameters depend on many factors, such as the tower structure, the soil resistivity, etc. Within our considered scope, the line parameters are approximated as line parameter processing at a certain frequency.
Obtained by adding the formulas (1), (2) and (3):
Figure GDA0001385946400000044
wherein: kL＝(L0-L)/L can be calculated in advance.
The faulted phase voltage at the fault location may be represented as follows:
vF＝va+Raia (4)
wherein v isFFor faulty phase voltages, vaIs the arc voltage, RaAs a fault resistance, iaIs a fault current.
In air, arcing is a plasma discharge phenomenon. The high frequency components exhibited by the non-linear oscillations of the arc approximate the arc voltage waveform as a rectangular wave (the true arc voltage and current waveforms shown in figure 4). The arc voltage can be mathematically represented by a simple expression:
va(t)＝Vasgn[i(t)]+ξ(t) (5)
wherein v isa(t) and i (t) are arc voltage and current, respectively, VaFor the amplitude of the square wave, sgn is a sign function and ξ (t) is zero-mean white noise.
Therefore, in equation (4), the arc voltage can be assumed to be square wave shape, accompanied by random noise, and the expression is shown in equation two, and the following expression is obtained by substituting equation (4):
vF＝Va sgn[i(t)]+Raia+ xi (t) formula two
For simplicity, it is assumed herein that ia＝kai0Wherein k isaIs a scaling factor. If only the arc voltage amplitude needs to be derived, we do not need to know k in advanceaThe value of (c). From the above equation, the following equation is obtained:
Figure GDA0001385946400000051
wherein v is1For the arc voltage amplitude, epsilon takes into account the total error component of the measurement error and the modeling error, KL＝(L0-L)/L，Re＝(R0-R+kaRa) L is positive and negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0Is a zero sequence equivalent inductance; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, R0Is a zero sequence equivalent resistance, RaTo a fault resistance, kaIs a proportionality coefficient; vaBeing square wavesAmplitude, sgn is a sign function, i0I is an equivalent current in the zero sequence circuit and is an arc current.
For a far end fault of an overhead line, the above expression is applicable because the measured voltage is much larger than the arc voltage. But when a close fault occurs, the arc voltage can significantly affect the properties of the measured voltage v and current i, distorting them. So when a close-proximity failure occurs, the following expression is better expressed:
Figure GDA0001385946400000052
wherein, R is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, L is a positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, and VaFor the arc voltage, i is the arc current, sgn (i) is a sign function, i.e.
Figure GDA0001385946400000053
The algorithm based on equation (7) considers R and L, the arc voltage vaThe calculated value of (t) will be more accurate. Thus, a model as shown in fig. 5 can be established for calculating the magnitude of the arc voltage, which model is suitable for single-phase faults.
Voltage V monitored at fault sidefThe equation (8) can be used to apply the equation to the entire voltage and current waveform, and the solution of the equation determined by the multifactor can be obtained by the least square method to obtain the arc voltage Varc。
Figure GDA0001385946400000054
Wherein, VfIs a fault phase voltage; i isfIs the fault phase current; l is a positive-negative sequence equivalent inductor; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance; varcIs the arc voltage;
Figure GDA0001385946400000055
n represents the total number of sampling points, then:
Figure GDA0001385946400000056
Figure GDA0001385946400000057
in the formula, N0Number of sampling points, n, representing a periodcycleRepresenting the number of sampling cycles.
Then the arc voltage calculation formula is obtained according to the formula:
Figure GDA0001385946400000061
wherein j is ∈ [1, n ]cycle×2-1]，
Figure GDA0001385946400000062
Solving by using a least square method, and calculating the variance:
Figure GDA0001385946400000063
wherein j is ∈ [1, n ]cycle×2-3]
σ2(j) When the minimum value is taken, the arc voltage amplitude is considered to be stable, and the average value of 3 calculated values in the interval is taken as the arc voltage V of the modelzrc。
And through comparison with a set threshold value, identifying the fault as an internal fault caused by equipment or an external fault caused by the line collision of trees and vehicles. When V iszrc>VsetJudging the internal fault caused by the equipment; when V iszrc<VsetAnd judging the external fault caused by the collision of the trees and the vehicles. VsetTake 520V.
When an external fault occurs, such as a tree or vehicle wire strike, high voltage electricity is passed through the trunk or the like to ground. Because the tree is not a metal-to-metal hard connection to the high voltage line, a loose electrical connection can result in arcing. Air conduction occurs when the electrical lines have loose contact at the contact points and the voltage between the points is sufficient to break through the air gap. If the air gap of the contact is larger, the arc can be pulled up between the air and the contact when the contact is in the peak value of the voltage waveform; if the contact air gap is small, the air may break down and create an arc even though the voltage is not large. Therefore, continuous ionization of air can be caused at the contact position, the longer the electric arc is along with the continuous pulling of the contact, the smaller the electric field intensity is, the larger the arc resistance of the electric arc is, and the larger the voltage drop is.
The voltage amplitude is generally greater due to the longer discharge distance of the vehicle-induced arc. Generally, the discharge in the air gap occurs mostly between the shortest path between the grounding body and the conductor, but because the channel insulation strength formed by the smoke and heat emitted during the fault is very low, the discharge often does not occur along the tower-conductor gap or the insulator string, but occurs along the smoke and fire channel with a relatively long distance, and the longer the electric arc, the smaller the electric field strength, the larger the voltage drop.
In contrast, an internal fault such as an equipment fault is considered as a series arc fault because leakage current or spark discharge is generated between wires due to long-term heating of an insulator, and the generated heat causes insulation breakdown to form a conductive carbonization channel between the wires to cause an arc. Because there is no contact with the outside, the arc is short, and the arc voltage is less than that caused by the external fault, so that the internal fault and the external fault can be distinguished by utilizing the characteristic.
The present application utilizes 113 distribution line fault cases provided by the american power research institute (EPRI) to verify, as shown in the table below, that include 70 sets of equipment aging-induced faults, 25 sets of tree compression-induced single-phase faults, and 18 sets of vehicle line-to-line induced single-phase ground faults. The data recorded by monitoring comprises three-phase voltage, three-phase current and neutral current.
The arc voltage amplitude distribution of 113 sets of data was counted, and the results are shown in fig. 6. The batches are put into the system for verification, and the success rate reaches 89% after the successful detection of 101 groups.
Type of failure Number of samples tested Success of the verification Check failure Success rate
Failure due to aging of device 70 63 7 90％
Faults caused by trees or vehicles 43 38 5 88％
Total of 113 101 12 89％
The method has the advantages that the fault type of the distribution network line is accurately judged through the fault site waveform, and the method has great significance for improving the operation and maintenance level of the distribution line and reducing the fault rate. The method comprises the steps of analyzing specific reasons causing line faults by researching a fault arc model of the distribution line, providing a specific arc voltage calculation formula based on fault waveforms, and providing corresponding arc voltage criteria aiming at different fault types according to the causes of the different fault types to realize the identification of the fault types. The calculation mode of the criterion index and the threshold value provided by the application is simple and accurate, and is superior to the existing fault identification method through calculation and verification of fault field wave recording data.
The foregoing is merely a detailed description of embodiments of the present application and is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to what has been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A distribution network line fault type identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring voltage and current waveforms of the fault line;
s2 calculating arc voltage V by least square methodarcSolving for VarcThe expression of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002715101680000011
wherein, VfIs a fault phase voltage; i isfTo a faulted phaseCurrent flow; l is a positive-negative sequence equivalent inductor; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance; varcIs the arc voltage;
Figure FDA0002715101680000012
s3 obtaining the average value V of the stable section of the arc voltage amplitudezrc；
S4 dividing VzrcAnd a set threshold value VsetAnd comparing and identifying the type of the line fault of the power distribution network.
2. The identification method according to claim 1, wherein the distribution network line comprises a three-phase circuit, which is decoupled into a positive sequence equivalent circuit, a negative sequence equivalent circuit and a zero sequence equivalent circuit by phase-to-analog conversion.
3. The identification method according to claim 2, wherein the differential equations of the positive-sequence equivalent circuit, the negative-sequence equivalent circuit and the zero-sequence equivalent circuit are expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0002715101680000013
Figure FDA0002715101680000014
Figure FDA0002715101680000015
wherein v isp、vn、voThe voltage components of the left terminal phase in the positive sequence equivalent circuit, the negative sequence equivalent circuit and the zero sequence equivalent circuit of the circuit are respectively; v. ofFp、vFn、vF0Fault phase voltage components in the positive sequence equivalent circuit, the negative sequence equivalent circuit and the zero sequence equivalent circuit respectively; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, R0Is a zero sequence equivalent resistance; l isPositive and negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0Is a zero sequence equivalent inductance; i.e. ip、in、i0Respectively, the equivalent currents in positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence circuits.
4. The identification method of claim 1, wherein the voltage of the faulty line is expressed as follows:
vF＝va+Raia (4)
wherein v isFFor faulty phase voltages, vaIs the arc voltage, RaAs a fault resistance, iaIs a fault current.
5. The identification method of claim 1, wherein the arc voltage is mathematically expressed as follows:
va(t)＝Va sgn[i(t)]+ξ(t) (5)
wherein v isa(t) and i (t) are arc voltage and current, respectively, VaFor the magnitude of the arc voltage waveform, sgn is a sign function and ξ (t) is zero-mean white noise.
6. The identification method of claim 5, wherein the arc voltage magnitude is expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0002715101680000021
wherein v is1For the arc voltage amplitude, epsilon takes into account the total error component of the measurement error and the modeling error, KL＝(L0-L)/L，Re＝(R0-R+kaRa) L is positive and negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0Is a zero sequence equivalent inductance; r is a positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, R0Is a zero sequence equivalent resistance, RaTo a fault resistance, kaIs a proportionality coefficient; vaFor the amplitude of the arc voltage waveform, sgn is a sign function, i0Is equivalent electricity in a zero sequence circuitAnd i is the arc current.
7. The identification method of claim 6, wherein the faulty line comprises a close-proximity fault whose arc voltage magnitude is expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0002715101680000022
wherein v is2For short-distance fault arc voltage amplitude, R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, VaIs the amplitude of the arc voltage waveform, i is the arc current, sgn (i) is a sign function, i.e.
Figure FDA0002715101680000023
8. The identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein when V iszrc>VsetJudging the internal fault caused by the equipment; when V iszrc<VsetAnd judging the external fault caused by the collision of the trees and the vehicles.
9. The identification method of claim 8, wherein V isset＝520V。
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