CN103719997B - 一种番石榴固体饮料 - Google Patents
一种番石榴固体饮料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103719997B CN103719997B CN201410006209.9A CN201410006209A CN103719997B CN 103719997 B CN103719997 B CN 103719997B CN 201410006209 A CN201410006209 A CN 201410006209A CN 103719997 B CN103719997 B CN 103719997B
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- Prior art keywords
- guava leaf
- solid beverage
- rehmannia
- xylitol
- chinese yam
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种番石榴叶固体饮料，原料经预处理、煎煮、过滤、合并滤液、浓缩滤液、喷雾干燥和混合工艺后得到，原料经过重量配比为：番石榴叶6000~7500g、生黄芪1000~1500g、山药3500～4000g、枸杞5500～6500g、山茱萸1600～2000g、熟地黄3000～4500g、麦芽糖1000～2000g、木糖醇3600～4800g、山梨糖醇450～550g。长期饮用本发明所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，不仅可以显著的降低血糖含量，还可以起到调脾胃、保肾脏的功效，此外长期饮用或空腹饮用本饮料可以有效规避有效成分对胃肠道的刺激。
Description
技术领域本发明涉及一种番石榴叶固体饮料，属于茶类饮品领域。背景技术
番石榴叶又名鸡矢茶，番桃叶、麻里杆、那拔叶、拔仔心、番石榴心等，为番石榴的干燥叶及带叶嫩茎，春、夏季采收，晒干或鲜用。番石榴叶呈矩圆状椭圆形至卵圆形，多皱缩卷曲或破碎，长5~12cm，宽3~5cm，先端圆或短尖，基部钝至圆形，边缘全缘，上表面淡棕褐色，无毛，下表面灰棕色，密被短柔毛，主脉和侧脉均***，侧脉在近叶缘处连成边脉；叶柄长3~6cm，革质而脆，易折断；嫩茎扁四棱形，密被短柔毛，气清香，味涩、微甘苦。美洲土人和云南布朗族群众有用番石榴鲜叶治疗肠炎、痢疾的***、味甘涩，入脾、胃、大肠、肝经，具有生津止渴、除烦、收敛止泻、消炎止血、止痒等功用，常喝能清热解毒，防治肠炎和腹泻。
现代药理学研究已证明，番石榴叶中含有黄酮类化合物，可以通过提高人体周围组织对糖的利用无病变(CN102920785A)或者通过促进胰岛素与靶细胞膜上专一受体的结合作用来调整糖、脂的代谢(CN102217686A)，具有降血糖、抗菌、抗病毒、活血化瘀的作用。目前，对番石榴叶的的主要应用途径是提取番石榴叶的有效成分总黄酮(CN10292078A、CN101703577A、CN1810797)作为药用活性成分应用于临床治疗或者配置成中西药剂，口服或注射到达治疗效果；或者利用番石榴叶的提取物与其他配料配置成茶饮长期饮用(CN102217686A)。
但是，糖尿病的病程长且复杂，注射或口服总黄酮提取物/药剂虽然可以治疗糖尿病以及高血压、高血脂并发症，但是需要担负沉重的经济负担且患者会对药物产生依赖性和抗药性。糖尿病随着病症的通常会出现糖尿病并发症，除了高血压和高血脂之外，对肾脏的危害较为严重，严重时发生现肾功能衰竭或***。通常情况下，降糖药物需要在餐前服用才可以有效的发挥其药效，但是因为没有食物的保护和缓冲，有效成分直接经过咽喉留到胃中，与肠壁和胃壁长期接触；提取物或者药剂的药效比较强，而且糖尿病又是一个比较长期的治疗过程，长期的药物治疗对患者的各种脏器，肾脏、脾、胃和肠道的伤害非常严重。
发明内容本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足而提供一种番石榴叶固体饮料，以番石榴叶为降糖功能性组分，同时配比生黄芪、山药、枸杞、山茱萸和熟地黄等天然物质并进行精加工；在降低血糖的同时调节身体各部分的机能，调理脾胃并保护肾脏；同时可以避免因长期空腹饮用造成的有效成分对胃肠道的刺激；还可以规避天然植物疗效慢、口感差的缺点。基于上述见解，本发明是这样实现的：
一种番石榴叶固体饮料，原料配方为：
番石榴叶6000～7500g生黄芪1000～1500g
枸杞5500～6500g山药3500～4000g
山茱萸1600～2000g熟地黄3000～4500g
麦芽糖1000～2000g木糖醇3600～4800g
山梨糖醇450～550g。
本发明还提供一种番石榴叶固体饮料的生产方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料预处理：将番石榴叶、生黄芪、山药、枸杞、山茱萸和熟地黄，去除杂质及霉变部分，洗净、晾干、分别破碎成长度为3～5cm的碎块；
(2)煎煮、粗过滤：按照原料配比将预处理的原料分别加水55～75倍量，煎煮4～6次，每次15～25min；对上述各煎煮液分别进行粗滤，采用100目、200目、300目和400目筛绢逐次过滤，去除浮杂物留取滤液获得粗滤液；
(3)合并粗滤液进行细滤：合并上述粗滤液并进行细滤，依次通过孔径为0.45μm、0.22μm的微孔滤膜，操作压力0.3MPa，得细滤液；
(4)浓缩、冷冻干燥：将细滤液在减压浓缩罐中浓缩至相对密度为1±0.01，将浓缩液通过喷雾干燥技术得速溶粉；
(5)混合、包装：将麦芽糖、木糖醇和山梨糖醇粉碎过200～300目筛绢得细粉，将麦芽糖、木糖醇和山梨糖醇细粉与步骤4所得的速溶粉混合均匀灭菌，按照每包5±0.1g的剂量包装。
本发明所述的黄芪，性味甘、归肺、脾、肝、肾经，具有增强机体免疫力、保肝、调节血糖、扩张冠状动脉、改善心肌供血的功效。而《日华子本草》中记载，“山药助五脏、强筋骨”；《本草纲目》中对山药的描述为“山药能益肾气、健脾胃”。枸杞中含有丰富的枸杞多糖、类胡萝卜素、叶黄素和枸杞籽素，具有显著的提高人体免疫力、润肺、清热明目的显著疗效。黄芪、山药和枸杞在调节机体的脾胃方面具有相辅相成的功效。
本发明所述的山茱萸用于肝肾不足，含有丰富的山茱萸鞣酸，对胰岛素依赖性糖尿病具有显著的治疗作用；熟地黄，味甘、微温，入肝肾二经，既能补血滋阴、补精益髓，还具显著的滋阴补肾功效。
本发明所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，番石榴叶具有有效的降低血糖的疗效，辅料山药、枸杞和黄芪合理配伍，既可以降低血糖，同时增强机体的免疫能力和调理脾胃的能力；而原料中的山茱萸和熟地黄，显著提高对人体脏器、尤其是肾脏的保护；长期饮用本发明所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，不仅可以显著的降低血糖含量，还可以调理脾胃、保护肾脏，药物的合理配伍在达到降糖目的的同时避免因长期饮用或空腹饮用造成的有效成分对胃肠道的刺激和损伤。
附图说明图1：本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式下面用非限定性实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。实施例1：
取番石榴叶6000g、生黄芪1000g、枸杞5500g、山药3500g、山茱萸1600g和熟地黄3000g，去除杂质及霉变部分，洗净、晾干、分别破碎成长度为3～5cm的碎块；分别加水55～75倍量，在陶瓷锅中煎煮4～6次，每次15～25min；对各煎煮液分别进行粗滤，采用100目、200目、300目和400目筛绢逐次过滤，去除浮杂物留取滤液获得粗滤液；合并粗滤液并进行细滤，依次通过孔径为0.45μm、0.22μm的微孔滤膜，操作压力0.3MPa，得细滤液；将细滤液在减压浓缩罐中浓缩至相对密度为1±0.01，将浓缩液通过喷雾干燥技术得速溶粉；将1200g麦芽糖、3600g木糖醇和500g山梨糖醇粉碎过200～300目筛绢得细粉，将麦芽糖、木糖醇和山梨糖醇细粉与速溶粉混合均匀灭菌，按照每包5g的剂量包装。全部操作均参照国家标准GB12695《饮料企业良好的生产规范》执行。
实施例2：
步骤和工艺与实施例1相同，所不同的是番石榴叶固体茶饮料的原料配比为：番石榴叶7500g、生黄芪1500g、山药4000g、枸杞6500g、山茱萸2000g、熟地黄4500g、木糖醇4800g。
实施例3：
步骤和工艺与实施例1相同，所不同的是番石榴叶固体茶饮料的原料配比为：番石榴叶6000g、生黄芪1500g、山药4000g、枸杞6500g、山茱萸2000g、熟地黄4500g、木糖醇3800g。
实施例4：
步骤和工艺与实施例1相同，所不同的是番石榴叶固体茶饮料的原料配比为：番石榴叶7500g、生黄芪1000g、山药3500g、枸杞5500g、山茱萸1600g、熟地黄3000g、木糖醇4200g。
实施例5：
步骤和工艺与实施例1相同，所不同的是番石榴叶固体茶饮料的原料配比为：番石榴叶6500g、生黄芪1200g、山药3700g、枸杞6000g、山茱萸1700g、熟地黄3500g、木糖醇4000g。
实施例6：
步骤和工艺与实施例1相同，所不同的是番石榴叶固体茶饮料的原料配比为：番石榴叶7000g、生黄芪1400g、山药3700g、枸杞6500g、山茱萸1800g、熟地黄4000g、木糖醇4000g。
实施例7：
步骤和工艺与实施例1相同，所不同的是番石榴叶固体茶饮料的原料配比为：番石榴叶6500g、生黄芪1300g、山药3500g、枸杞6500g、山茱萸2000g、熟地黄4000g、木糖醇4000g。
对比试验：
配置6组对照组固体饮料，和本发明实施例1-7所得的饮料进行对比试验：空白组小鼠不注射任何茶品，对照组和实施例组分别口腔注射对应的饮料(5g饮料溶于50ml水中，每只小鼠注射量为10ml，注射时间为清晨6︰00)。每只小鼠每天中午12︰00腹腔注射2ml浓度为3mg/ml的葡萄糖，每天正常投喂和饲养，投喂过程中观察小鼠症状；在试验的第85-90天每天采集一次小鼠血液进行血糖检测、收集小鼠全天后尿液进行蛋白尿检测，并在90天试验结束后对小鼠进行解剖观察脏器病变情况。试验结果如表1所示：其中血糖含量和蛋白尿含量为第85-90天的测量结果的平均值：
表1：小鼠对照试验结果
| 组别 | 血糖(mmol/L) | 尿蛋白(mg/24h) | 脾、胃、肾症状或行为症状 |
| 空白组 | 3.82 | 80 | 肾、脾肿大 |
| 对照组1 | 3.29 | 35 | 肠壁出血、胃粘膜出血，肾、脾肿大 |
| 对照组2 | 3.75 | 40 | 肠壁出血、肾肿大 |
| 对照组3 | 3.77 | 38 | 胃肠出血、小鼠有腹泻症状 |
| 对照组4 | 3.40 | 36 | 肾肿大、小鼠有腹胀症状 |
| 对照组5 | 3.39 | 33 | 胃壁和肠壁上有出血点，小鼠有腹胀症状 |
| 对照组6 | 3.71 | 40 | 脾肿大，胃粘膜出血 |
| 实施例1 | 3.20 | 28 | 无病变 |
| 实施例2 | 3.21 | 27 | 无病变 |
| 实施例3 | 3.22 | 26 | 无病变 |
| 实施例4 | 3.23 | 27 | 无病变 |
| 实施例5 | 3.18 | 22 | 无病变 |
| 实施例6 | 3.18 | 20 | 无病变 |
| 实施例7 | 3.17 | 21 | 无病变 |
上述的对照组1配方为：番石榴叶6500g；对照组2配方为枸杞6500g、生黄芪1300g、山药3500g；对照3配方为：山茱萸2000g、熟地黄4000g；对照组4配方为：对照组1+对照组2；对照组5的配方为：对照组1+对照组3；对照组6的配方为：对照组2+对照组3。
由表1可知，对照组小鼠在连续注射葡萄糖的情况下，血糖含量和尿蛋白含量非常高，而尿蛋白含量是评价糖尿病肾病的重要指标，尿蛋白含量高说明小鼠的肾功能发生病变。而单纯的服用番石榴叶如对照组1，虽然可以显著的降低血糖和尿蛋白含量，但是长期的空腹饮用造成了胃和肠受到损害，并且肾脏和脾脏也有肿大情况发生。而单纯的服用对照组2和/或对照组3饮料，虽然可以保护胃肠或脾肾，但是降糖效果不佳，由于血糖含量居高，并发的肾、脾、胃肿大症状也有出现。对照组4和对照组5饮料的降糖效果稍理想，但是，有40-50%的小鼠在试验的第55-60d后频繁出现腹泻或者腹胀症状。而本发明的实施例1-7的固体饮料，显著的降低血糖的同时，也可以有效的降低尿液中的黏蛋白含量，对于内脏的保护效果非常明显，试验过程中小鼠表现正常，而解剖后也未发现任何脏器出现病变。
上述结果说明，本发明的固体茶饮料，不但可以有效的降低血糖，同时具有调理脾胃、保护肾脏的保健功效；药物的合理配伍在达到降糖的目的时避免因长期饮用或空腹饮用造成的有效成分对胃肠道的刺激和损伤。
上述实例只是为说明本发明的技术构思以及技术特点，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明的实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种番石榴叶固体饮料，其特征在于，由以下重量配比的原料经过原料预处理、煎煮、过滤、合并滤液、浓缩滤液、喷雾干燥和混合工艺得到：
上述番石榴叶固体饮料的原料组成为：
番石榴叶6000～7500g生黄芪1000～1500g
枸杞5500～6500g山药3500～4000g
山茱萸1600～2000g熟地黄3000～4500g
麦芽糖1000～2000g木糖醇3600～4800g
山梨糖醇450～550g；
上述番石榴叶固体饮料的生产方法包括如下步骤：
(1)原料预处理：将番石榴叶、生黄芪、山药、枸杞、山茱萸和熟地黄，去除杂质及霉变部分，洗净、晾干、分别破碎成长度为3～5cm的碎块；
(2)煎煮、粗过滤：按照原料配比将预处理的原料分别加水55～75倍量，煎煮4～6次，每次15～25min；对上述各煎煮液分别进行粗滤，采用100目、200目、300目和400目筛绢逐次过滤，去除浮杂物留取滤液获得粗滤液；
(3)合并粗滤液进行细滤：合并上述粗滤液并进行细滤，依次通过孔径为0.45μm、0.22μm的微孔滤膜，操作压力0.3MPa，得细滤液；
(4)浓缩、喷雾干燥：将细滤液在减压浓缩罐中浓缩至相对密度为1±0.01，将浓缩液通过喷雾干燥技术得速溶粉；
(5)混合、包装：将麦芽糖、木糖醇和山梨糖醇粉碎过200～300目筛绢得细粉，将所得细粉与步骤4所得的速溶粉混合均匀灭菌，按照每包5±0.1g的剂量包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，其特征在于，所述的原料配比为：
番石榴叶6000g生黄芪1000g
枸杞5500g山药3500g
山茱萸1600g熟地黄3000g
麦芽糖1200g木糖醇3600g
山梨糖醇500g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，其特征在于，所述的原料配比为：
番石榴叶7500g生黄芪1500g
枸杞6500g山药4000g
山茱萸2000g熟地黄4500g
麦芽糖1200g木糖醇4800g
山梨糖醇500g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，其特征在于，所述的原料配比为：
番石榴叶6000g生黄芪1500g
枸杞6500g山药4000g
山茱萸2000g熟地黄4500g
麦芽糖1200g木糖醇3800g
山梨糖醇500g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，其特征在于，所述的原料配比为：
番石榴叶7500g生黄芪1000g
枸杞5500g山药3500g
山茱萸1600g熟地黄3000g
麦芽糖1200g木糖醇4200g
山梨糖醇500g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，其特征在于，所述的原料配比为：
番石榴叶6500g生黄芪1200g
枸杞6000g山药3700g
山茱萸1700g熟地黄3500g
麦芽糖1200g木糖醇4000g
山梨糖醇500g。
7.根据权利要求1所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，其特征在于，所述的原料配比为：
番石榴叶7000g生黄芪1400g
枸杞6500g山药3700g
山茱萸1800g熟地黄4000g
麦芽糖1200g木糖醇4000g
山梨糖醇500g。
8.根据权利要求1所述的番石榴叶固体饮料，其特征在于，所述的原料配比为：
番石榴叶6500g生黄芪1300g
枸杞6500g山药3500g
山茱萸2000g熟地黄4000g
麦芽糖1200g木糖醇4000g
山梨糖醇500g。
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| WO2010005438A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Amerilab Technologies, Inc. | Method of treating migraine using guava |
| CN102441090A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-05-09 | 辽宁兴海制药有限公司 | 一种免疫调节口服液 |
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| CN101322757A (zh) * | 2008-07-28 | 2008-12-17 | 北京润德康医药技术有限公司 | 一种可用于治疗糖尿病的药物组合物及其制备方法 |
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