CN103717121A - 摆头式眼科手术探头 - Google Patents

摆头式眼科手术探头 Download PDF

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CN103717121A
CN103717121A CN201280038068.8A CN201280038068A CN103717121A CN 103717121 A CN103717121 A CN 103717121A CN 201280038068 A CN201280038068 A CN 201280038068A CN 103717121 A CN103717121 A CN 103717121A
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bracing wire
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X·俞
C·迈克拉姆
J·奥尔德
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Abstract

一种摆头式光学手术探头,包括尺寸加工成适合单手持握的手柄和从所述手柄延伸的具有20Ga或更小的直径的单根刚性套管。该探头还包括位于所述套管的远端处的带沟槽末端以及延伸穿过所述手柄、所述单根刚性套管和所述带沟槽末端的至少一根光纤以及固定到所述带沟槽末端的拉线。当所述拉线在所述带沟槽末端上施加张力时,所述带沟槽末端将从笔直状态偏转到由所述拉线中的张力控制的弯曲角度,所述带沟槽末端由当由所述拉线施加的张力释放时将恢复到所述笔直状态的弹性材料形成。

Description

摆头式眼科手术探头
相关申请
本申请要求2011年8月3日提交的美国临时申请序列号No.61/514751的优先权,其内容通过参考在此并入。
技术领域
本发明涉及眼科手术设备,尤其涉及后段眼科手术探头。
背景技术
微小型外科器械典型地由外科医生使用以从人体中的脆弱且受限的空间去除组织——特别是在眼睛手术中,更特别是在用于去除玻璃体、血液、疤痕组织或晶状体的过程中。这种器械包括控制台和外科医生用以切割和去除组织的手术手持件。对于后段手术,手持件可以是玻璃体切割器探头、激光探头或用于切割或破碎组织的超声波破碎器,且手持件通过长气压(气动)线路和/或电缆、光缆或用于将输注流体供应到手术部位和从该部位取回或抽吸流体和切割/破碎的组织的柔性管连接到控制台。手持件的切割、输注和抽吸功能通过远程控制台控制,该控制台不仅提供用于手术手持件(例如往复或旋转切割刀或超声波振动针)的电能,而且还控制输注流体的流动且提供用于流体和切割/破碎的组织的抽吸的真空源(相对于大气)。控制台的功能由外科医生通常通过脚操作开关或比例控制而人工控制。
在后段手术期间,在手术过程中外科医生典型地使用几个手持件或器械。该过程要求这些器械***切口内和从其中移除。这种重复移除和***可引起对眼睛切口部位的损伤。为了解决该问题,于二十世纪八十年代中期至少已开发了带座的套管。这些装置由带有连接的座的窄管组成。管被***到眼睛中的切口直到作为防止管完全进入眼睛的止动件的座。手术器械可经由该管***眼睛中,且管保护切口侧壁不与器械重复接触。另外,当该器械经由管被***眼睛中时,外科医生通过操纵该器械来使用该器械以帮助在手术期间定位眼睛。
很多手术过程要求到达视网膜的侧部或前部。为了到达这些区域,手术探头必需被预弯曲或必需在内部操作时可弯曲。用于提供激光和/或照明光的各种摆头式光学手术探头是已知的。见例如美国专利No.5281214(Wilkins等)和美国专利No.6984130(Scheller等)。然而,摆头式机构增加了额外的复杂性且昂贵。一种不需要摆头机构的柔性激光探头是商业可获得的,但是该装置使用套在包括末端的柔性管中的相对大直径的光纤,导致具有大弯曲半径、大末端直径以及高的弯曲刚度。这些特征要求末端包含非弯曲的笔直部分,用于使得弯曲部容易***,该弯曲部在通过带座的套管时必需柔性地拉直。该末端的笔直部允许在手持件的远端套管进入带座的套管之前该弯曲部柔性地通过带座的套管,以允许柔性部的最大弯曲空隙,从而最小化弯曲应力和相应的摩擦***力。这种大弯曲半径、大直径柔性管和笔直末端引起光纤的可使用部从探头的末端延伸相对长的距离且限制探头的到达距离。
已知技术中另外的缺点为远端套管的柔性,它是材料属性和横截面转动惯量的函数,如通过安装到带座的套管内的套管外径和接收柔性管的套管内径的测量尺寸确定。对于任何给定材料,套管的内、外径确定套管的柔性。该柔性限制外科医生在手术期间使用器械以操纵眼睛的位置的能力。
美国专利申请公开2009/0093800(Auld等)中公开了一种不需要柔性管的笔直部的柔性末端探头,因而提供更紧凑的可使用末端长度,从而允许在不影响***力的情况更深入地到达眼睛的内后部结构。该柔性末端探头为远端套管提供增加的刚性以利于在手术期间在眼睛中定位的操作。虽然该探头与诸如Scheller等公开的以前的探头相比提供相对小的横截面,但不能提供那些探头能实现的一定角度范围内的可控摆头。
发明内容
摆头式光学手术探头包括尺寸加工成适合单手持握的手柄和从手柄延伸的具有20Ga或更小的直径的单根刚性套管。探头在套管的远端进一步包括带沟槽末端和延伸穿过手柄、单根刚性套管和带沟槽末端的至少一根光纤以及固定到带沟槽末端的拉线。当拉线在带沟槽末端上施加张力时,带沟槽末端将从笔直状态偏转至通过拉线中的张力控制的弯曲角度。带沟槽末端由当由拉线作用的张力释放时将恢复到笔直状态的弹性材料形成。
参考附图和附图的以下描述以及如权利要求,本发明的其它目的、特征和优势将变得明显。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明特定实施例的摆头式光学手术眼内探头的示意图;
图2示出根据本发明特定实施例的带沟槽末端20的端视图;
图3A-3H示出根据本发明特定实施例用于带沟槽末端的各种沟槽设计;和
图4A-4K示出根据本发明特定实施例用于增加拉线22中的张力的各种机构。
具体实施方式
本发明的各种实施例可避免与以前的摆头式光学手术探头有关的困难。特别地,本发明的某些实施例可提供具有小直径的单根刚性套管,其不仅能够***到很小的切口中而且能够以受控制方式在一定角度范围内摆头式移动。因而,本发明的这种实施例组合了相对刚性的摆头式光学手术探头与需要大直径的双套管探头的可控制摆头的优势。
本发明的特定实施例包括具有固定到拉线上的由弹性材料构成的带沟槽末端的单根刚性套管。拉线中的张力使得带沟槽末端在特定方向上弯曲,在释放张力时使得弹性末端恢复到其笔直状态。“拉线(pull-wire)技术”以前已被用于使手术导管的末端偏转,但是未用于手持式光学手术探头中的小直径刚性套管,也没有涉及在眼睛内部内的相对小空间中的摆头运动(angular movement)的角度。因此,在手持式手术探头中应用拉线张力具有独特的优势。在本发明的特定实施例中,用于眼内探头10的一个或更多光纤也可以被用作拉线。
图1是根据本发明特定实施例的摆头式(articulating)光学手术眼内探头10的示意图,其具有适于被保持在单手中的手柄12和套管14。(为了容易说明,手柄12和套管14未按比例示出,手柄12的一些外部特征,诸如用于内部拉线的控制机构未示出。)眼内探头10的近端被连接到一个或更多光源(未示出),该光源通过连接到穿过眼内探头10的内部行进的至少一根光纤而提供激光和/或照明光。
套管14由刚性的生物相容的材料形成,诸如不锈钢。根据本发明不同实施例的眼内探头使用“单”刚性套管,其是指不存在于单根套管内部或外部分离形成和/或相对于单根套管独立可移动的其它相对刚性、自支撑套管。然而,术语“单”并不排除使用多个层或多个涂层以形成单根套管,也不排除使用与套管的形状一致的软聚合物衬套或护套。套管14在远端(指在使用期间离外科医生最远的端部)具有带沟槽末端20。通过对固定在带沟槽末端20内的拉线(图1中未示出)施加张力,带沟槽末端20可在选择的方向上以可控制的方式摆头。
带沟槽末端20由弹性材料形成,“弹性材料”指在来自拉线的张力消除之后可恢复到笔直朝向的材料。用于带沟槽材料的弹性材料可以是例如镍钛诺,其可以具有充分刚性以经由切口座***,并具有充分弹性以在摆头后恢复。可以使用本领域中已知的具有类似特性的其它金属,诸如弹簧钢或其它材料。根据带沟槽末端的特定沟槽构造,能够使用弹性不是那么好的相对刚性的材料,诸如不锈钢、镍基超级合金、Co-Cr合金等,而不会施加太多力以超过屈服点且使材料永久变形。弹性材料可以本身是生物相容的,或它们可以被包封在其它材料中,诸如聚合物护套中,以防止与组织接触。套管14和带沟槽末端20可以是但并非一定要由相同材料形成。套管14和/或带沟槽末端20可还涂覆有硬化材料,诸如合成金刚石或金属电镀(例如铬),以提供提高的硬度用以***切口座且减少破裂的可能性。
图2示出根据本发明的特定实施例的带沟槽末端20的示例的端视图。在图2中示出的实施例中,拉线22在图中被示出为固定到带沟槽末端20的顶侧。带沟槽末端20包裹着两根光纤24、26——具有183μm直径的照明光纤24和具有108μm直径的激光光纤26。鉴于带沟槽末端20的粗细,这使得套管14的直径相对于双套管***而言更小。
图3A-3H示出根据本发明特定实施例的用于带沟槽末端20的各种沟槽设计(分别标示为“20A”、“20B”等,统称为“带沟槽末端20”)。在图3A中,比带沟槽末端20A的半径更深的沟槽被切割形成于带沟槽末端20A的带沟槽末端20A朝其弯曲的一侧中。浅沟槽被切割形成于相对侧面中,从而也允许该侧面弯曲。图3B和图3C示出具有随着沟槽在相应带沟槽末端20B和20C中延伸得越深而越宽的基部的笔直和弯曲“钥匙孔(keyhole)”沟槽。更宽的基部减少了带沟槽末端20B或20C偏转到其弯曲状态所需的力的大小,潜在地使眼内探头10使用更舒适。
图3D-3G示出可被用于更刚性末端材料、以允许带沟槽末端20在偏转到弯曲状态之后弹性恢复到笔直状态的沟槽设计。在图3D中,沟槽是大体沿套管14的长度伸长的长圆形,其被设置成与背部浅沟槽相对,这趋向于减少带沟槽末端20D偏转到弯曲状态所需的力。在图3E中,允许带沟槽末端20E弯曲的连续螺旋切口“夹着”背部沟槽(在这种情况下,钥匙孔沟槽),引起带沟槽末端20E在背部沟槽的方向上弯曲。图3F示出螺旋切口图案,其中螺旋路径在一侧上与带沟槽末端20F的纵向轴线垂直,引起带沟槽末端20F优先朝与螺旋路径垂直的一侧偏转。图3G示出螺旋切口图案,其具有在一侧上选择性变宽的切口,引起带沟槽末端20G朝螺旋切口变宽的一侧选择性偏转。
图3H示出由缠绕的线材(诸如通过围绕心轴缠绕被拉制成线材的材料)形成的带沟槽末端20H。在带沟槽末端20H的近端和远端,缠绕线材的线圈被焊接到一起。在近端和远端之间的中间区域,管的一侧具有形成在缠绕线材的线圈之间的变宽的间隙沟槽,使得当张力经由拉线施加时引起带沟槽末端20H选择性地朝变宽沟槽偏转。由于允许使用更容易形成为线而不是管的材料,所以由缠绕线材形成带沟槽末端20可具有优势。尽管在图3H中示出单根缠绕线材,也可以使用多股线材。
图4A-4K示出根据本发明的特定实施例用于增加拉线22中的张力的各种机构。在图4A和图4B中,拉线22被缠绕到固定在控制按钮42和基座44之间的小齿轮40上。小齿轮40包括两个表面——在控制按钮42和基座44之间滚动的较小直径表面r和拉线22绕其缠绕的较大直径表面R。小直径表面r和大直径表面R之间的半径差随着小齿轮40旋转和平移而导致拉线中的差动位移Δl。通过对于较小直径表面r和较大直径表面R选择适当直径,在控制按钮的相对大量平移期间可实现相对小量的拉线位移Δl,提供使用者对带沟槽末端20的偏转的精确控制。在一个实施例中,较小直径表面r包括齿轮齿,齿轮齿与控制按钮42和基底44上的齿轮齿啮合。这可减少滑移的可能性。
图4C和图4D示出具有滑动致动销52的杠杆臂50,该杠杆臂通过在臂的枢轴处的固定销54保持就位。控制按钮(未示出)可被用于使滑动销52前进,允许杠杆臂50的近端部升高,因而使杠杆臂50的远端的突片56旋转以对拉线22施加张力。图4E和图4F示出在滑动销60和第一固定销62上经过且固定到第二固定销64的拉线22。附接到滑动销60的控制按钮66的前进增加拉线22中的张力。
图4G和图4H示出在滑动销70上经过的拉线22,随着控制按钮74前进,该滑动销70通过导轨72在大致向上方向上引导。导轨72的路径确定拉线22中的拉力如何随着控制按钮前进而改变,因而提供张力的平滑和受控制的增加。在线性引导的情况下,如图4G和图4H中示出的,在控制按钮74的前进的后面的阶段将发生拉线拉紧。在图4I中示出的替代实施例中,导轨72被形成为在控制按钮74前进的开始阶段提供更大的拉线拉紧,以在控制按钮74的整个行程上产生更平衡的张力增加。在图4J中,导轨72倾斜更急剧,从而张力的增加大部分发生在控制按钮74的行程早期。图4K示出导轨72的替代实施例,该导轨具有止动部80,允许沿着该路径、对应于带沟槽末端20的不同角度而彼此能显著区别地“停止”。具有止动部的架或表面还可以与使用滑动销或类似的致动机构的眼内探头10的各种实施例的任何一个一起使用,包括图4A-4K中示出的实施例的任何一个。
虽然上面已经描述了本发明的一些实施例,这些描述用于解释和说明的目的给出。在不背离由所附权利要求列举的本发明的范围的情况下,可采用对于本领域技术人员而言明显的以上公开的***和方法的变形、改变、改型和背离。

Claims (25)

1.一种摆头式光学手术探头,包括:
尺寸加工成适合单手持握的手柄;
从所述手柄延伸的具有20Ga或更小的直径的单根刚性套管;
位于所述套管的远端处的带沟槽末端;
延伸穿过所述手柄、所述单根刚性套管和所述带沟槽末端的至少一根光纤,和
固定到所述带沟槽末端的拉线,其中,当所述拉线在所述带沟槽末端上施加张力时,所述带沟槽末端将从笔直状态偏转到由所述拉线中的张力控制的弯曲角度,所述带沟槽末端由当由所述拉线施加的张力释放时将恢复到所述笔直状态的弹性材料形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的探头,进一步包括位于所述手柄上的控制按钮,其中所述拉线中的张力通过滑动所述控制按钮控制。
3.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述拉线被连接到小齿轮,所述拉线中的张力通过绕所述小齿轮缠绕所述拉线而增加。
4.如权利要求1所述的探头,进一步包括在所述手柄内的与所述拉线接触的杠杆臂,所述杠杆臂具有降低位置和升高位置,其中在所述升高位置所述拉线上的张力增加。
5.如权利要求1所述的探头,进一步包括在所述手柄内的滑动销,所述拉线在所述滑动销上经过,且被固定为使得所述拉线中的张力随着所述滑动销向远端前进而增加。
6.如权利要求5所述的探头,进一步包括与所述滑动销接触的多个止动部,所述多个止动部为所述滑动销的前进提供多个止挡。
7.如权利要求5所述的探头,进一步包括用于所述手柄内的所述滑动销的导轨,所述导轨引导所述滑动销的前进。
8.如权利要求7所述的探头,其中所述导轨是线性的。
9.如权利要求7所述的探头,其中所述导轨是弯曲的,以控制所述拉线借助所述滑动销而实现的张紧的速度,从而所述拉线中的张力随着所述滑动销沿所述导轨前进而均匀增加。
10.如权利要求7所述的探头,其中所述导轨是弯曲的,在近端具有初始斜坡,使得当所述滑动销前进经过所述导轨的初始斜坡时所述拉线中的张力的增加速度最高,而在所述滑动销通过所述导轨的初始斜坡之后张力的增加速度下降。
11.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述拉线是光纤。
12.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述带沟槽末端包括在所述带沟槽末端朝其偏转的一侧上的深沟槽和位于相反侧上的浅沟槽,所述带沟槽末端偏离所述相反侧,深沟槽延伸超过所述带沟槽末端的半径,浅沟槽延伸短于所述带沟槽末端的半径。
13.如权利要求12所述的探头,其中所述深沟槽随着所述深沟槽的深度增加而变宽。
14.如权利要求12所述的探头,其中所述深沟槽包括沿所述沟槽末端纵向延伸的长圆形部。
15.如权利要求12所述的探头,其中所述深沟槽是弯曲的。
16.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述带沟槽末端包括螺旋沟槽。
17.如权利要求16所述的探头,其中所述螺旋沟槽具有在所述带沟槽末端朝其偏转的一侧上与所述带沟槽末端的纵向轴线垂直的螺旋路径。
18.如权利要求16所述的探头,其中所述带沟槽末端在所述带沟槽末端朝其偏转的一侧上进一步包括介于所述螺旋沟槽之间的背部沟槽。
19.如权利要求16所述的探头,其中所述螺旋沟槽在所述带沟槽末端朝其偏转的一侧上更宽。
20.如权利要求16所述的探头,其中所述带沟槽末端被形成为缠绕线材的线圈。
21.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述带沟槽末端由镍钛诺形成。
22.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述单根刚性套管由不锈钢形成。
23.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述单根刚性套管涂覆有硬化材料。
24.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述带沟槽末端涂覆有软聚合物护套。
25.如权利要求1所述的探头,其中所述至少一根光纤包括两根光纤。
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