CN103704080A

CN103704080A - High-yield rice cultivation technique

Info

Publication number: CN103704080A
Application number: CN201210369669.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 容林熙
Original assignee: Yulin agricultural science research institute
Current assignee: Yulin agricultural science research institute
Priority date: 2012-09-29
Filing date: 2012-09-29
Publication date: 2014-04-09

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-yield rice cultivation technique, and belongs to the field of agricultural planting techniques. The high-yield rice cultivation technique has the advantages that high-yield cultivation supporting technologies such as local field dividing and ditching, proper-density transplanting and moisture balanced management are implemented on the basis of a balanced formulation fertilization technique for rice, so that difficult problems of drastic fluctuation of growth of rice seedlings, low earbearing tiller percentage, difficulty in increasing yield and the like in the traditional rice cultivation technique can be solved, the rice cultivation yield is high and stable, the cost can be saved, the efficiency is high, the stress resistance of rice can be improved, and increase of income of farmers and sustainable development of agricultural production can be promoted.

Description

The high-yield culture technique of a kind of paddy rice

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural planting field, relate to the high-yield culture technique of a kind of paddy rice, specifically comprise the high-yielding rice cultivation techniques such as the fertilising of paddy rice balance formula and Honda minute railway carriage or compartment trench digging, suitable close transplanting, aqueous vapor management of balance.

Background technology

Paddy rice is southern staple food crop, and double cropping rice cultivated area more than 4,000,000 mu, accounts for foodstuff planting area 90% left and right throughout the year, and paddy always produces 1,800,000 tons, accounts for the more than 92% of grain aggregate.The eighties was widelyd popularize hybrid rice per unit area yield was brought up to after 450 kilograms last century, although constantly releasing yield potentiality, paddy rice scientific research breeding reaches 550 kilograms, 650 kilograms, 700 kilograms above high yield and high quality kinds, in production, also constantly update and regenerate, at small size, also there is once in a while more than 650 kilograms high yields, but while having arrived spread, average per unit area yield also only has 450 kilograms of left and right.Its main cause is that in current rice cropping, peasant habit adopts the fertilizer practice of " front heavy, hollow, rear benefit ", add the transplanting of application heavy seeding seedling, cultivation is basined irrigation in plate field, cause paddy growth rich water gas unbalance, growth of cereal crop seedlings big rise and big fall, permeability is poor, and sick worm takes place frequently, cause rice yield difficult increasing of hovering, plant rice benefit and be difficult to improve.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention is just for the problem and the defect that exist in above-mentioned traditional rice cultivating method, and research provides a kind of rice cropping new technology.This technology, through the overall process of rice growing season, is mainly applied fertilizer by implementing balance formula, and is used in conjunction with the rice cropping supporting technologies such as a minute railway carriage or compartment trench digging, aqueous vapor management of balance, to reach the object of rice cropping energy-saving and emission-reduction, stable high yield, raising resistance.

The present invention is realized by following technical scheme, specific as follows:

1, select breeding: select the seed seedling of full grains, high-quality, high yield, better resistance.

2, cultivate strong seedling: suitable heavy seeding kind is cultivated strong seedling.Density criterion is: thousand grain weigth is 25 grams, 1.5 kilograms of mu sowing, and germination rate is 96%.With 434 holes, mould 60, dish, 25 grams of left and right of every dish sowing, bud seedling 960 seedling left and right, every cave 1-2 bud seedling.

3, Honda divides railway carriage or compartment trench digging: adopt railway carriage or compartment ditch to adjust and fill with cultivation, wide 3-4 rice left and right, railway carriage or compartment, rice field, the wide 0.35-0.5 rice of ditching, dark 0.1-0.2 rice.

4, suitable close transplanting: cultivation early-maturing variety, because leaf age is few, after transplanting, effective tiller leaf position is few, when adopting polygerm transplantation of seedlings, also to there is suitable Transplanting Density, by its yield potentiality mu, execute 11 kilograms of horizontal fertilizer of purity nitrogen, with mu, transplant 1.8-2.0 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants left and right and be advisable.To the large middle late-maturing variety of plantation longer yield potentiality breeding time, after transplanting, effective tiller leaf position is more, should adopt every root and stem of certain plants (cave) 1-2 bud seedling to transplant, easily obtain enough effective tiller, suitably reduce Transplanting Density, be conducive to control the growth of cereal crop seedlings, improve colony's quality of production, promote large fringe to increase output, by mu, execute 15 kilograms of purity nitrogen levels, with mu, transplant 1.7-1.9 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants and be advisable.

5, paddy rice balance formula fertilising: according to the suction nitrogen demand of Rice Production, in fertilising, employing is executed 60% of nitrogen total amount and is made base fetilizer for tillering, and 30% makes ear differentiation fertilizer, and 10% makes granulated fertilizer, a large amount of phosphorus is made base manure, and total amount potassium 40% is made fetilizer for tillering, 50% and made ear manuer, 10% and make granulated fertilizer.

6, aqueous vapor management of balance: when the nutrient balance of doing a good job of it the short root of rice transplantation, the growth of tillering, ear differentiation and four important periods of growing of grain husk flower differentiation is supplied with, also must closely cooperate with irrigation, carry out intermittent irrigation, with water fertilizer, rich water gas balance coordination, improve paddy growth quality, increase effective fringe, bring into play best fertilizer efficiency.

(1) shallow water is transplanted: keep shallow water to plant to tillering.

(2) enough seedlings are put field: at the critical Leaf-Age-Period of effective tiller or slightly, as long as total stem tiller number reaches the 80-90% of expection spike number seedling, field is put in draining immediately.

(3) booting moisturizing: when paddy growth leaf in mid-term look turns pale green, 30% left and right 5-7 days before ear differentiation of nitrogen total amount is executed in employing, the moistening no water layer of soil conservation is used, fertilizer is slowly dissolved and supply with the needs that paddy rice reproductive growth is grown, guarantee the nutrient requirement of surging stem tiller, obtain more number of productive ear.

(4) shallow water heading: when paddy rice enters booting middle and later periods and heading flowering period, keep shallow water, can not Deep irrigation.

(5) later stage alternation of wetting and drying: carry out alternation of wetting and drying intermittent irrigation when paddy rice enters During Grain-filling, cut off the water supply for 6-7 days before harvesting.

7, diseases and pests controlling: taking take sick worm to detect is benchmark, puts prevention first, the anti-method combining of system.According to forecast of disease and pest select efficiently, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide prevent and treat.

8, ripe and harvested.

The present invention is on the basis of balance formula fertilising, be used in conjunction with a whole set of rice cropping supporting technologies such as kind selection, thickness of sowing, seedling quality, suitable close transplanting, Basic Seedling amount, minute railway carriage or compartment trench digging, water management, diseases and pests controlling, realizing rice cultivating technique upgrades, Optimal Growing environment, short root control tiller strong sprout, short fringe increases grain volume increase, disease-resistant pest-resistant anti-fall.Its Demonstration And Extension application, to improving rice yield and total product, improving kind of a rice benefit, realizes increases in grain production, increasing peasant income, promotes grain-production safety, Sustainable Agricultural stable development to have great importance.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:2010 early rice, at Mao Lin town, Yuzhou District, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region spring East Village, carry out the impact research of paddy rice balance formula fertilising culture technique on paddy rice anti contravariance, select improved seeds Y two excellent No. 1, by the concrete grammar in summary of the invention, operate, application field produces fixed five field point investigation.Result shows: the rice sheath blight disease that (1) implements balance formula fertilising culture technique occurs lighter, booting stage, fringe phase beginning and milk ripe stage disease index be respectively 11.2,12.3 and 17.3, compare with adopting contrasting of traditional fertilization culture technique, reduce respectively 6.1,9.3 and 8.7; (2) rice fulgorid harm is lighter, and booting stage, fringe phase beginning and milk ripe stage, average every hundred clumps of worm amounts were respectively 64.3,516.3 and 741.3, compared with adopting contrasting of traditional fertilization culture technique, reduced respectively 59,928.4 and 679.7.(3) paddy rice that adopts balance formula fertilising culture technique is 5 of maturing stages all without the phenomenon that lodges, and 5 of the contrasts of employing traditional fertilization culture technique have 2 lodging, and lodging rate reaches 40%.

Proof adopts balance formula fertilising culture technique to improving the healthy and strong growth of paddy rice individuality and colony, improves pest-resistant resistance against diseases and strengthens lodging resistance important role.

Embodiment 2:2009 early rice to 2010 year late rice, Luo Zheng village, folk music town, Yulin Beiliu City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, new bridge village, new bridge town, Yulin City Fu Mian district, field owned by the government village, hot spring town, Yulin City Luchuan County, Fu Zhong village, Xin Rong town, Yulin Beiliu City, town god Zhen Hu village, Yulin City Xingye County, dragon's fountain village, Mao Lin town, Yulin City Yuzhou District spring East Village and Yulin City Xingye County large Pingshan Mountain town etc. has set up 9 100 mu above template models, select improved seeds Y two excellent No. 1, by the concrete grammar in summary of the invention, operate, average yield per mu is at 528.6 kilograms-688.1 kilograms, 34.0 kilograms-186.1 kilograms of mu volume increase, rate of growth is between 6.9%-37.16%.

The large scale application of the balance formula fertilising of proof paddy rice and high-yield and high-efficiency corresponding cultivation techniques can be optimized paddy growth environment, realizes rice cropping energy-saving and emission-reduction, stable high yield, and abridged edition is efficient, promotes agricultural production sustainable development.

Claims

1. paddy rice balance formula applies fertilizer and high-yield and high-efficiency corresponding cultivation techniques, it is characterized in that comprising: 1. select breeding 2. to cultivate the 3. 4. 5. paddy rice balance formula 7. 8. ripe and harvested of diseases and pests controlling of aqueous vapor management of balance of applying fertilizer 6. of suitable close transplanting of Honda minute railway carriage or compartment trench digging of strong seedling, this new cultivation technology is through the overall process of rice growing season.

2. by rice cultivating technique claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that applying Honda minute railway carriage or compartment trench digging high yield, adopt railway carriage or compartment ditch to adjust and fill with cultivation, the wide 3-4 rice in railway carriage or compartment, rice field, the wide 0.35-0.5 rice of ditching, dark 0.1-0.2 rice.

3. by rice cultivating technique claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that applying aqueous vapor management of balance high yield, carry out shallow water and transplant, enough seedlings are put field, booting moisturizing, shallow water heading, later stage alternation of wetting and drying intermittent irrigation, with water fertilizer, rich water gas balance coordination, improve paddy growth quality, increase effective fringe, bring into play best fertilizer efficiency.

4. by the rice cultivating technique described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that the fertilising of paddy rice balance formula, the upper employing of i.e. fertilising is executed 60% of nitrogen total amount and is made base fetilizer for tillering, 30% makes ear differentiation fertilizer, 10% makes granulated fertilizer, a large amount of phosphorus is made base manure, and total amount potassium 40% is made fetilizer for tillering, 50% and made ear manuer, 10% and make granulated fertilizer.