CN103704013B - A kind of method of segmentation fruiting mushroom culture - Google Patents
A kind of method of segmentation fruiting mushroom culture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of segmentation fruiting mushroom culture, described method is in the inoculation of annual 9-11 month system rod, the next year 4-6 month, one section of fruiting was gathered, 7 ~ August, the summer was got in dormancy, the 9-11 month, two sections of fruitings were gathered, during two sections of fruitings, when the minimum air temperature drops to below 23 DEG C at the beginning of 9 months, bacterium rod is stimulated, promote second segment fruiting, with the phreatic water 1 time of water injection needle to bacterium rod injection constant temperature 24 DEG C between 20:00-next day 7:00, time is no more than 10 seconds, and bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out, after water filling, management of producing mushroom, can continue 2 ~ 3 tides of gathering.The present invention adopts two sections of fruiting technology, achieve mushroom 5-6 month and 9-11 month two sections of fruitings, output than traditional cultivation method promote 40%, benefit improve 90%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, be specifically related to one and make fragrant No. 6 mushrooms in Zhejiang realize two sections of fruitings with autumn in early summer.
Background technology
Mushroom is at the title have " mountain delicacy " among the people, and its delicious flavour, fragrance oozes people, nutritious, have " plant queen " good reputation.Ripe middle warm type during quality xianggu kind mostly belongs to, the heat-resisting quantity of mycelia is poor, and conventional method mushroom culture at high temperature rotten rod is serious, causes high-quality fresh mushroom on market in autumn less, and makes the fresh mushroom market price higher.Therefore, summer high temperature impact avoided by research quality xianggu bacterium rod, realizes segmentation in spring and autumn fruiting technology, can improve mushroom production, improve the output value, significant.
National inventing patent 201210082108 discloses a kind of mushroom anti-season ground cultivating method, the method by the accumbency of fully-developed bacterium rod on the ground being covered with sand, then with sand padding and compacting bacterium nod gap to the excellent position of putting plane of structure 3/4 of bacterium; During cultivation, cold canopy surface temperature is 18-22 DEG C, and ground temperature is 6-10 DEG C with the cultivation space temperature difference, and relative moisture is 85-95%; Cultivation season is in annual March, and the 6-8 month is fruiting peak period.This invention, high-quality mushroom rate reach 70-80%, than traditional method for cultivating mushroom height 40-50%.
But this invention labour intensity is comparatively large, and fruiting is shorter for period, and benefit is not remarkable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention by acanthopore technology and segmentation fruiting technology, realizes mushroom segmentation fruiting, improves output and the output value under have studied the fragrant No. 6 kind off-season cultivation patterns in Zhejiang.
The technical scheme of this invention employing is:
A method for segmentation fruiting mushroom culture, described method is in the inoculation of annual 9-11 month system rod, and the next year 4-6 month, one section of fruiting was gathered, and 7 ~ August, the summer was got in dormancy, and the 9-11 month, two sections of fruitings were gathered, and comprised the following steps:
(1) cylinder bag acanthopore: acanthopore on polyethylene cylinder bag, aperture 0.05-0.1cm, hole density 1/2cm, obtained aperture bag is stand-by;
(2) 9-11 month rod (preferred September system rod): by wood chip 78.5%, wheat bran 20%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, by the mixing of quality proportioning, be mixed with fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating; Described fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating is loaded in the aperture bag of step (1), obtain the fruiting bag of charging;
(3) sterilizing: the polyethylene plastic bag fruiting bag that step (2) is feeded being put double-deck atresia, obtains three layers of bag, and by three layers of bag sealing, constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, obtains the fruiting bag after sterilizing;
(4) inoculate: the fruiting bag after sterilizing takes out, move into transfer room after cooling to inoculate, inoculation method adopts inoculating hood inoculation, under inoculating hood aseptic condition, the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia is taken off, mushroom strain is pressed into after utilizing the conical wooden stick of diameter 1.5 ~ 2 centimetres to make a call to 3 inoculation holes on the position, left, center, right of fruiting bag the same side, whole process carries out sterile working, the inoculum concentration of mushroom strain is 5% of fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight, put the polyethylene plastic bag of 1 layer of atresia after inoculation, obtain postvaccinal bacterium bag; Described mushroom strain is fragrant No. 6 mushroom strains in Zhejiang;
(5) bacterium bag is cultivated: mushroom canopy put into by postvaccinal bacterium bag, and the inoculation hole of bacterium bag is towards side discharge, and every 3 bacterium bag one decks, anyhow staggeredly build in heaps, in a row stack, are cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag (generally cultivate 45 ~ 60 days mycelia and just can cover with bacterium bag); During cultivation, temperature controls at 15 ~ 24 DEG C; Intensity of illumination controls at below 200lx, and humid control, 60 ~ 65%, keeps ventilating;
(6) annesl management: after mushroom mycelium covers with bag, start annesl management, slough the polyethylene plastic bag of outer atresia, retain aperture bag, aperture bag inner surface white hypha, temperature 15 ~ 24 DEG C, is converted into taupe under relative air humidity 75 ~ 80% condition; Be cultured to aperture bag inwall surrounding mycelium afterwards to occur expanding, have the knob of gauffer and protuberance, when hand pinches knob flexible soft sense, with lancinating except aperture bag, obtaining xianggu stick, entering the management of producing mushroom stage;
(7) management of producing mushroom: generally April next year early and middle ten days start management of producing mushroom, the condition of management of producing mushroom is: controlling the temperature difference of maximum temperature and minimum temperature in a day is more than 8 DEG C, daytime light scattering 2000-5000lx, ventilation, humid control, at 80-90%, makes fruit body primordium break up, after differentiation fruiting flower bud, enter growth and development stage, the growth and development phase will add forced ventilation, makes oxygen concentration in mushroom canopy remain on 20 ~ 20.9%; Daytime, light scattering kept 2000 ~ 2200lx; Relative air humidity remains on more than 90%; Be cultured to fruit body medium well;
(8) gather: gather when fruit body is medium well, generally in the 4-6 month, grow 7 ~ 8 days can start the first tide in the mushroom flower bud of step (7) and gather; After gathering, mushroom puts into the fresh-keeping preservation of freezer immediately;
(9) recuperation and stimulation fruiting: after a whole damp mushroom has all been gathered, large ventilation once, makes the rod of the bacterium after gathering dry tack free, and stops water spray 5 ~ 7 days, allow mycelia fully grow.In time adopting concave point place mycelia that mushroom stays and turn white, fully water spray makes bacterium rod epidermis soften, and generally sprays water 5 ~ 6 hours; Use water injection needle to inject the phreatic water of constant temperature 24 DEG C once to bacterium rod between 7:00 20:00 ~ next day afterwards, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, requires to be no more than 10 seconds inject time, and bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out; Then repeat step (7) ~ (9), continue 2 ~ 3 tides of gathering;
(10) summer is got in dormancy: after first paragraph mushroom is gathered, and 7 ~ August, temperature raised, and mycelia enters resting stage, is now emitted on mushroom canopy on the ground, mist cooling moisturizing on daytime by horizontally-arranged for bacterium rod; Evening is ventilated, makes mushroom canopy temperature remain on less than 30 DEG C, ensures that mushroom mycelium is active, makes mushroom successfully get over the summer;
(11) two sections of fruitings: when the minimum air temperature drops to below 23 DEG C at the beginning of 9 months, stimulate bacterium rod, promote second segment fruiting; Concrete grammar is picked up by the horizontally-arranged bacterium rod on ground, bacterium rod is vertically emitted on mushroom frame, with the phreatic water 1 time of water injection needle to bacterium rod injection constant temperature 24 DEG C between 20:00-next day 7:00, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, want seeking time to be no more than 10 seconds, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out, after water filling, carry out management of producing mushroom according to step (7), afterwards by step (8) ~ (9) gather 2 ~ 3 tide.
In described step (1), described aperture is preferably 0.1cm.
In described step (1), polyethylene cylinder bag can be the plastic sack of various shape and size specification, and according to aperture 0.05 ~ 0.1cm, pitch-row 1/2cm punches above.15cm × 55cm × 0.0045cm polyethylene cylinder bag is used in the embodiment of the present invention, can acanthopore 60 ~ 100 on it.
In described step (3), the size of the polyethylene plastic bag of atresia should slightly larger than the size of aperture bag, and this is that those skilled in the art can judge according to general knowledge.
Use 17cm × 60cm × 0.002cm to the bulk polyvinyl plastic sack of knuckle in the embodiment of the present invention.
In described step (3), the method for described constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing is preferably: after three layers of bags sealing, added enter pot sterilizing, first drain cold air in pot, temperature rises to 100 DEG C, keeps 16 ~ 20h, obtains three layers of bag after sterilizing.
In described step (5), stacking to leave aisle between row and row, be convenient to aeration-cooling and check bacterium bag growing state.
In described step (5), cultivate in 7 ~ 10 days and do not stir bacterium bag, within 13rd ~ 15 days, carry out first time and turn over bag, within 30 ~ 33 days, second time turns over bag, promotes mycelial growth.
In described step (7), relative air humidity remains on more than 90%; When humidity reduces, xianggu stick is dry, when moire appears in mushroom lid, needs each water spray sooner or later once, to make that bacterium rod epidermis has the tiny globule; The general morning and evening respectively sprays water 5 minutes, dries in the air to bacterial spawn surface tide after each water spray.
In described step (8), fruit body is medium well, and to refer to that fruit body grows to mycoderm broken, and cap does not also have full extension, and edge is involute, and lamella all extends, and when transferring brown to by white, is fruit body medium well.This well known to a person skilled in the art.
In described step (8), when gathering, bacterium rod should be buttressed on the other hand, pinch on the other hand stem base portion and be rotating and pull up.
In described step (10), described mist cooling moisturizing on daytime be generally in the morning 8 to 6 pm in the moisturizing of mushroom canopy surrounding mist cooling; Described evening is ventilated be generally at night 8 open shade net to 6:00 AM and woollen blanket is ventilated.
The mushroom strain that the present invention adopts is that fragrant No. 6 high-qualitys in Zhejiang that Wuyi innovation edible mushroom Co., Ltd and academy of agricultural sciences of Zhejiang Province research and develop jointly are fitted and planted kind.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) fine quality is as cultivar to choose " fragrant No. 6 of Zhejiang ", and this kind is ripe middle warm type in being, mycelia is energetic, is applicable to carrying out the cultivation of segmentation fruiting; Have that mushroom lid is comparatively large, mushroom handle is thin, short, not easily the high-quality feature such as parachute-opening, selling price is high, and market efficiency is good.
2) the present invention makes charge bar and inoculates annual September, and after inoculation, mycelia is through cold acclimation in winter, and mycelia is healthy and strong; Now temperature is lower, is conducive to reducing the rotten excellent rate of charge bar.
3) change the atresia bag of splendid attire champignon compost into aperture bag cultivating mushroom, add the gas permeability of bacterium bag, be conducive to improving and send out bacterium speed, mycelium growing period shortens 6-8 days, healthy and strong mycelia.
4), after 5-6 month bacterium rod first paragraph fruiting, recuperate 60 days at high temperature season, ensure that mycelia is active.When proper temperature in September, stimulate fruiting, achieve second segment fruiting, both made output increased more than 40%, can sell good price again, benefit improves more than 90%, remarkable in economical benefits.
The present invention selects the fragrant No. 6 suitable cultivation kinds in Zhejiang, and system rod produces (the 9-10 month) under anti-season condition; Adopt charging front to cylinder bag acanthopore, increase oxygen content in bacterium rod, healthy and strong mycelia; Adopt two sections of fruiting technology, achieve mushroom 5-6 month and 9-11 month two sections of fruitings, output than traditional cultivation method promote 40%, benefit improve 90%.
Embodiment
By following examples, the present invention is described in further detail, but content of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
(1) cylinder bag acanthopore: on September 5th, 2011, to cylinder bag acanthopore, it is 15 × 55 ㎝ that cylinder bag requires, the low-pressure polyethylene that thickness is 0.045 millimeter, requires normal temperature sterilizing not rise bag.Utilize acanthopore equipment to cylinder bag acanthopore, aperture 0.1cm, hole density is 1/2cm, and each bag acanthopore 80, obtains aperture bag, with oxygenation, and healthy and strong mycelia.
(2) system rod: on September 12nd, 2011, by wood chip 78.5%, wheat bran 20%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, mix in mass ratio, be mixed with fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating; This medium is loaded in the aperture bag of step (1), adapted, every bag of weight 1.7-1.9 kilogram.
(3) sterilizing: on September 12nd, 2011, step (2) fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating is put the polyethylene plastic bag of 17cm × 60cm × 0.002cm to knuckle, overlap double-deck bagging, obtain three layers of bag, sealing, added enter pot sterilizing, adopt high-temperature sterilization, first drain cold air in pot, temperature rises to 100 DEG C, keep 16h, obtain the fruiting bag after sterilizing.
(4) inoculate: on September 15th, 2011, the fruiting bag after sterilizing moves into transfer room, according to sterile working after going out stove cooling.Bacterial classification is that fragrant No. 6 high-qualitys in Zhejiang that Wuyi innovation edible mushroom Co., Ltd and academy of agricultural sciences of Zhejiang Province research and develop jointly are fitted and planted kind, the method of concrete inoculation is for adopting inoculating hood inoculation, in inoculating hood, the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia is taken off, bacterial classification is pressed into after utilizing the conical wooden stick of diameter 1.5 centimetres to make a call to 3 inoculation holes on position, left, center, right, charge bar side, whole process carries out sterile working, the inoculum concentration of mushroom strain is 5% of fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight, put layer of polyethylene plastic sack after inoculation, obtain postvaccinal bacterium bag;
(5) bacterium bag is cultivated: on November 2,6 days to 2011 September in 2011 carries out the cultivation of bacterium bag.Mushroom canopy put into by postvaccinal bacterium bag, the inoculation hole of bacterium bag towards side discharge, every 3 bacterium bag one decks, anyhow staggered build in heaps, stacking in a row, that stacks will leave aisle between row and row, is convenient to aeration-cooling and checks bacterium bag growing state, cultivating in 7 ~ 10 days and do not stir bacterium bag, within 13rd ~ 15 days, carry out first time and turn over bag, within 30 ~ 33 days, second time turns over bag, promotes mycelial growth, is cultured to mycelia and covers with bacterium bag; During cultivation, temperature controls at 15 ~ 24 DEG C; Intensity of illumination controls at below 200lx, humid control 60 ~ 65%, well-ventilated.
(6) annesl management: on November 2nd, 2011, after mycelia covers with bag, starts to enter annesl management.Now slough polyethylene plastic bag, retain aperture bag.Aperture bag inner surface white hypha, temperature 15 ~ 24 DEG C, is converted into taupe under relative air humidity 75 ~ 80% condition; Be cultured to aperture bag inwall surrounding mycelium afterwards to occur expanding, have the knob of gauffer and protuberance, when hand pinches the flexible soft sense of bacterium bag knob, with lancinating except aperture bag, obtaining xianggu stick, starting to enter the management of producing mushroom stage.
(7) management of producing mushroom: on April 4th, 2012 starts to enter management of producing mushroom.Management of producing mushroom control day and night temperature stimulate more than 8 DEG C, daytime light scattering 2000-5000lx, ventilation, relative air humidity controls at 80-90%, and fruit body primordium is broken up, and after breaking up fruiting flower bud, enters the growth and development phase.Growth and development stage will add forced ventilation, makes oxygen concentration in mushroom canopy remain on 20 ~ 20.9%; Daytime, light scattering kept 2000 ~ 2200lx; Relative air humidity remains on more than 90%, and when moire appears in mushroom mushroom lid, each water spray 5 minutes sooner or later, makes that bacterium rod epidermis has the tiny globule, dry in the air to bacterial spawn surface tide after each water spray.。
(8) gather: start to carry out the first damp mushroom on April 12nd, 2012 and gather.Now to grow to mycoderm broken for fruit body, and cap does not also have full extension, and edge is involute, and lamella all extends, and transfers brown to by white, shows that fruit body is medium well.Bacterium rod should be buttressed on the other hand when gathering, pinch on the other hand stem base portion and be rotating and pull up.After gathering, mushroom puts into the fresh-keeping preservation of freezer immediately.Every damp mushroom is about one week picking time.
(9) recuperation of bacterium rod with stimulate fruiting: after on April 19th, 2012, first damp mushroom gathered, to ventilate once greatly, make the rod of the bacterium after gathering dry tack free, and stop water spray 5 ~ 7 days, allow mycelia fully grow.In time adopting concave point place mycelia that mushroom stays and turn white, spray water 5 hours, bacterium rod epidermis is softened; Use water injection needle to inject the phreatic water of constant temperature 24 DEG C once to bacterium rod between 7:00 20:00 ~ next day afterwards, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, requires to be no more than 10 seconds inject time, and bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out; Repeat step (7) ~ (8).Every other month can fruiting one tide, end on June 30th, 2012, altogether the damp mushroom of results 3, the excellent average yield 0.4kg of every root fungus.
(10) summer is got in dormancy: on June 30th, 2012---and on September 4th, 2012, bacterium rod carries out dormancy and gets over summer field management reason.Now be emitted on mushroom canopy on the ground by horizontally-arranged for bacterium rod, morning 8 to 6 pm is in the moisturizing of mushroom canopy surrounding mist cooling; At 8 in evening to 6:00 AM, opens shade net and woollen blanket is ventilated, makes mushroom canopy temperature remain on less than 30 DEG C, ensures that mushroom mycelium is active, make mushroom successfully get over the summer;
(11) two sections of fruitings: on September 4th, 2012, the base minimum air temperature drops to 22 DEG C, now stimulates evening bacterium rod, promote two sections of fruitings.Method is picked up by the horizontally-arranged bacterium rod on ground, bacterium rod is vertically emitted on mushroom frame, with the phreatic water 1 time of water injection needle to bacterium rod injection constant temperature 24 DEG C between 20:00-next day 7:00, and every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, want seeking time to be no more than 10 seconds, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out.After water filling, carry out management of producing mushroom by step (7) ~ (9) and gather.On September 12nd, 2012 started on November 20th, 2012, and also can continue the damp mushroom of results 3, average yield reaches 0.35kg/ rod.
Comparative example 1: the same time period carries out contrast experiment at another mushroom canopy
(1) cylinder bag acanthopore: on September 5th, 2011, to cylinder bag acanthopore, it is 15 × 55 ㎝ that cylinder bag requires, the low-pressure polyethylene that thickness is 0.045 millimeter, requires normal temperature sterilizing not rise bag.Utilize acanthopore equipment to cylinder bag acanthopore, aperture 0.1cm, hole density is 1/2cm, and each bag acanthopore 80, obtains aperture bag, with oxygenation, and healthy and strong mycelia.
(2) system rod: on September 12nd, 2011, by wood chip 78.5%, wheat bran 20%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, mix in mass ratio, be mixed with fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating; This medium is loaded step 2) in aperture bag, adapted, every bag of weight 1.7-1.9 kilogram.
(3) sterilizing: on September 12nd, 2011, step 3 fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating is put the polyethylene plastic bag of 17cm × 60cm × 0.002cm to knuckle, overlap double-deck bagging, obtain three layers of bag, sealing, dress basket enters a pot sterilizing, adopt high-temperature sterilization, first drain cold air in pot, temperature rises to 100 DEG C, keep 16h, obtain the fruiting bag of sterilizing.
(4) cultivate: on September 15th, 2011, the fruiting bag of sterilizing goes out after stove cools to move into transfer room, according to sterile working.Bacterial classification is that fragrant No. 6 high-qualitys in Zhejiang that Wuyi innovation edible mushroom Co., Ltd and academy of agricultural sciences of Zhejiang Province research and develop jointly are fitted and planted kind, the method of concrete inoculation is for adopting inoculating hood inoculation, in inoculating hood, the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia is taken off, bacterial classification is pressed into after utilizing the conical wooden stick of diameter 2 centimetres to make a call to 3 inoculation holes on position, left, center, right, charge bar side, whole process carries out sterile working, the inoculum concentration of mushroom strain is 5% of fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight, put layer of polyethylene plastic sack after inoculation, obtain postvaccinal bacterium bag;
(5) bacterium bag is cultivated: on November 2,6 days to 2011 September in 2011 carries out the cultivation of bacterium bag.Mushroom canopy put into by postvaccinal bacterium bag, the inoculation hole of bacterium bag towards side discharge, every 3 bacterium bag one decks, anyhow staggered build in heaps, stacking in a row, that stacks will leave aisle between row and row, is convenient to aeration-cooling and checks bacterium bag growing state, cultivating in 7 ~ 10 days and do not stir bacterium bag, within 13rd ~ 15 days, carry out first time and turn over bag, within 30 ~ 33 days, second time turns over bag, promotes mycelial growth, is cultured to mycelia and covers with bacterium bag; During cultivation, temperature controls at 15 ~ 24 DEG C, and intensity of illumination controls at below 200lx, humid control 60 ~ 65%, well-ventilated.
(6) annesl management: on November 2nd, 2011, after mycelia covers with bag, starts to enter annesl management.Now slough polyethylene plastic bag, retain aperture bag.Aperture bag inner surface white hypha, temperature 15 ~ 24 DEG C, is converted into taupe under relative air humidity 75 ~ 80% condition; Be cultured to aperture bag inwall surrounding mycelium afterwards to occur expanding, have the knob of gauffer and protuberance, hand pinches the flexible soft sense of bacterium bag knob, with lancinating except aperture bag, obtains xianggu stick, starts to enter the management of producing mushroom stage.
(7) management of producing mushroom: on April 4th, 2012 starts to enter management of producing mushroom.Management of producing mushroom require day and night temperature stimulate more than 8 DEG C, daytime light scattering 2000-5000lx, ventilation, relative air humidity controls at 80-90%, and fruit body primordium is broken up, and after breaking up fruiting flower bud, enters the growth and development phase.Growth and development stage will add forced ventilation, makes oxygen concentration in mushroom canopy remain on 20 ~ 20.9%; Daytime, light scattering kept 2000 ~ 2200lx; Relative air humidity remains on more than 90%, and when moire appears in mushroom mushroom lid, each water spray 5 minutes sooner or later, water spray makes that bacterium rod epidermis has the tiny globule, dries in the air to bacterial spawn surface tide after each water spray.
(8) gather: start to carry out the first damp mushroom on April 12nd, 2012 and gather.Now to grow to mycoderm broken for fruit body, and cap does not also have full extension, and edge is involute, and lamella all extends, and transfers brown to by white, shows that fruit body is medium well.Bacterium rod should be buttressed on the other hand when gathering, pinch on the other hand stem base portion and be rotating and pull up.After gathering, mushroom puts into the fresh-keeping preservation of freezer immediately.Every damp mushroom is about one week picking time.
(9) recuperation of bacterium rod with stimulate fruiting: after on April 19th, 2012, first damp mushroom gathered, to ventilate once greatly, make the rod of the bacterium after gathering dry tack free, and stop water spray 5 ~ 7 days, allow mycelia fully grow.In time adopting concave point place mycelia that mushroom stays and turn white, spray water 5 hours, bacterium rod epidermis is softened; Use water injection needle to inject the phreatic water of constant temperature 24 DEG C once to bacterium rod between 7:00 20:00 ~ next day afterwards, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, requires to be no more than 10 seconds inject time, and bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out; Repeat step (7) ~ (8).Every other month can fruiting one tide, end on June 30th, 2012, altogether the damp mushroom of results 3, the excellent average yield 0.41kg of every root fungus.
(10) summer is got in dormancy: on June 30th, 2012---and on August 23rd, 2012, bacterium rod carries out dormancy and gets over summer field management reason.Now be emitted on mushroom canopy on the ground by horizontally-arranged for bacterium rod, morning 8 to 6 pm is in the moisturizing of mushroom canopy surrounding mist cooling; At 8 in evening feels nice and cool to 6:00 AM weather, opens shade net and woollen blanket is ventilated, makes mushroom canopy temperature remain on less than 30 DEG C, ensures that mushroom mycelium is active, makes mushroom successfully get over the summer;
(11) two sections of fruitings: on August 24th, 2012, in mushroom canopy, the minimum air temperature drops to 26 DEG C, now stimulates evening bacterium rod, promote second segment fruiting.Method is picked up by the horizontally-arranged bacterium rod on ground, and bacterium rod is vertically emitted on mushroom frame, and with the phreatic water of water injection needle to bacterium rod injection constant temperature 24 DEG C between 20:00-next day 7:00, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, seeking time to be no more than 10 seconds, and bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out.After water filling, carry out management of producing mushroom by step (7) ~ (9) and gather.On September 4th, 2012 started on October 23rd, 2012, also can continue the damp mushroom of results 2, and average yield is 0.21kg/ rod.Average yield reduces by 40% than embodiment 1, and receives a damp mushroom less, and total output significantly reduces.
The comparative trial of comparative example 2(the inventive method and conventional cultivation method)
Test site: test is located at Wuyi innovation edible mushroom Co., Ltd
Test period: 2011-2012 years
Experimental scheme:
1) planting material 1800 bags of fixing formula.
2) the present invention's test is with the method for embodiment 1.
3) 1 is processed: step (1) ~ (9) adopt the control measures identical with embodiment 1, get over the stage in summer, directly carry out step (11) to during summer high-temperature, carry out water filling vernalization, two sections of fruitings to bacterium rod without step (10) dormancy; Process 2: step (1) ~ (10) adopt the control measures identical with embodiment 1, during step (11) two sections of fruitings, when night in autumn, lowest temperature was lower than 26 DEG C, injects phreatic water, namely according to the process of comparative example 1 in 20:00-7:00 next day; Process 3: omnidistance employing the technology of the present invention, when night, lowest temperature was lower than 23 DEG C in the fall, injects phreatic water, the i.e. complete process according to embodiment 1 in 20:00-7:00 next day.3 process, repeat for 3 times.
4) comparative test result of the inventive method and conventional cultivation method is as shown in the table.
Note: be respectively on June 30th, 2012 and on November 21st, 2012 with (afterwards) rotten excellent rate timing statistics in high temperature before high temperature
The bacterium bag number of the bacterium bag number of rotten excellent rate=rotten rod/total.
One-level mushroom productive rate=one-level mushroom output/gross yield.
Contrast and experiment can be found out, the inventive method greatly reduces the rotten excellent rate of two sections of fruitings after high temperature, and significantly improve one-level mushroom productive rate and gross yield, gross yield improves 60% ~ 180%, substantially increase the output of two sections of fruitings, possess significant economic benefit.
Claims (8)
1. a method for segmentation fruiting mushroom culture, described method is in the inoculation of annual 9-11 month system rod, and the next year 4-6 month, one section of fruiting was gathered, and 7 ~ August, the summer was got in dormancy, and the 9-11 month, two sections of fruitings were gathered, and comprised the following steps:
(1) cylinder bag acanthopore: acanthopore on polyethylene cylinder bag, aperture 0.05-0.1cm, hole density 1/2cm, obtained aperture bag is stand-by;
(2) 9-11 month system rod: by wood chip 78.5%, wheat bran 20%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, by the mixing of quality proportioning, is mixed with fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating; Described fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating is loaded in the aperture bag of step (1), obtain the fruiting bag of charging;
(3) sterilizing: the polyethylene plastic bag fruiting bag that step (2) is feeded being put double-deck atresia, obtains three layers of bag, and by three layers of bag sealing, constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, obtains the fruiting bag after sterilizing;
(4) inoculate: the fruiting bag after sterilizing takes out, move into transfer room after cooling to inoculate, inoculation method adopts inoculating hood inoculation, under inoculating hood aseptic condition, the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia is taken off, mushroom strain is pressed into after utilizing the conical wooden stick of diameter 1.5 ~ 2 centimetres to make a call to 3 inoculation holes on the position, left, center, right of fruiting bag the same side, whole process carries out sterile working, the inoculum concentration of mushroom strain is 5% of fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight, put the polyethylene plastic bag of 1 layer of atresia after inoculation, obtain postvaccinal bacterium bag; Described mushroom strain is fragrant No. 6 mushroom strains in Zhejiang;
(5) bacterium bag is cultivated: mushroom canopy put into by postvaccinal bacterium bag, and the inoculation hole of bacterium bag is towards side discharge, and every 3 bacterium bag one decks, anyhow staggeredly build in heaps, in a row stack, are cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag; During cultivation, temperature controls at 15 ~ 24 DEG C; Intensity of illumination controls at below 200lx, and humid control, 60 ~ 65%, keeps ventilating;
(6) annesl management: after mushroom mycelium covers with bag in step (5), start annesl management, slough the polyethylene plastic bag of outer atresia, retain aperture bag, aperture bag inner surface white hypha, temperature 15 ~ 24 DEG C, is converted into taupe under relative air humidity 75 ~ 80% condition; Be cultured to aperture bag inwall surrounding mycelium afterwards to occur expanding, have the knob of gauffer and protuberance, when hand pinches knob flexible soft sense, cut off aperture bag, obtain xianggu stick, enter the management of producing mushroom stage;
(7) management of producing mushroom: the condition of management of producing mushroom is: controlling the temperature difference of maximum temperature and minimum temperature in a day is more than 8 DEG C, daytime light scattering 2000-5000lx, ventilation, humid control is at 80-90%, fruit body primordium is broken up, after differentiation fruiting flower bud, add forced ventilation, make oxygen concentration in mushroom canopy remain on 20 ~ 20.9%; Daytime, light scattering kept 2000 ~ 2200lx; Relative air humidity remains on more than 90%; Be cultured to fruit body medium well;
(8) gather: gather when fruit body is medium well; After gathering, mushroom puts into the fresh-keeping preservation of freezer immediately;
(9) recuperation and stimulation fruiting: after a whole damp mushroom has all been gathered, once, make the rod of the bacterium after gathering dry tack free, and stop water spray 5 ~ 7 days, the concave point place mycelia that mushroom to be adopted stays turns white in large ventilation, fully sprays water and makes bacterium rod epidermis softening; Use water injection needle to inject the phreatic water of constant temperature 24 DEG C once to bacterium rod between 7:00 20:00 ~ next day afterwards, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, requires to be no more than 10 seconds inject time, and bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out; Then repeat step (7) ~ (9), continue 2 ~ 3 tides of gathering;
(10) summer is got in dormancy: after first paragraph mushroom is gathered, and 7 ~ August, temperature raised, and mycelia enters resting stage, is now emitted on mushroom canopy on the ground, mist cooling moisturizing on daytime by horizontally-arranged for bacterium rod; Evening is ventilated, makes mushroom canopy temperature remain on less than 30 DEG C, makes mushroom successfully get over the summer;
(11) two sections of fruitings: when the minimum air temperature drops to below 23 DEG C at the beginning of 9 months, the horizontally-arranged bacterium rod on ground is picked up, bacterium rod is vertically emitted on mushroom frame, with the phreatic water 1 time of water injection needle to bacterium rod injection constant temperature 24 DEG C between 20:00-next day 7:00, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, seeking time to be no more than 10 seconds, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow water to ooze out, after water filling, carry out management of producing mushroom according to step (7), afterwards by step (8) ~ (9) gather 2 ~ 3 tide.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), described aperture is 0.1cm.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), the size of the polyethylene plastic bag of atresia is greater than the size of aperture bag.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), the method for described constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing is: after three layers of bag sealing, added enter pot sterilizing, first drain cold air in pot, temperature rises to 100 DEG C, keep 16 ~ 20h, obtain three layers of bag after sterilizing.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (5), cultivates in 7 ~ 10 days and does not stir bacterium bag, within 13rd ~ 15 days, carry out first time and turn over bag, and within 30 ~ 33 days, second time turns over bag.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (8), and fruit body is medium well, and to refer to that fruit body grows to mycoderm broken, cap does not also have full extension, and edge is involute, and lamella all extends, and when transferring brown to by white, be fruit body medium well.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (7), relative air humidity remains on more than 90%; Humidity reduces, and xianggu stick is dry, and when moire appears in mushroom lid, each water spray 5 minutes sooner or later, makes that bacterium rod epidermis has the tiny globule; Dry in the air after each water spray to bacterial spawn surface tide.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (10), described mist cooling moisturizing on daytime be in the morning 8 to 6 pm in the moisturizing of mushroom canopy surrounding mist cooling; Described evening is ventilated be at night 8 open shade net to 6:00 AM and woollen blanket is ventilated.
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