CN103695628A - Treatment method of metal material laser peening nano composite surface - Google Patents
Treatment method of metal material laser peening nano composite surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment method of a metal material laser peening nano composite surface, relating to a material surface modification technique. The method comprises the following steps: 1) pretreating a to-be-processed surface of a metal material; 2) microshaping the pretreated to-be-processed surface to obtain a microtrench; 3) preinjecting nano ceramic powder into the microtrench, and covering a thin-layer metal on the to-be-processed surface; 4) arranging an absorption layer and a restraint layer on the surface of the thin-layer metal; and 5) carrying out laser peening on the to-be-processed surface of the metal material to obtain the nanoparticle-reinforced composite surface. The method can be used for preparing a nanoparticle-reinforced composite surface with uniformly distributed nanoparticles and fine crystal grains on the surface layer, and effectively enhances the surface properties of the metal material. The method is simple in technical process, easy to operate and suitable for large-scale mass production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the process for modifying surface field of metallic substance, refer in particular to the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening.
Background technology
Metallic element can be subject to the effect of various load in actual application, and this long-term load will cause it to lose efficacy.Component lost efficacy and conventionally betided its surface, and therefore, surface strengthening is the important means that extends its work-ing life.Laser peening is a kind of novel metal surface properties modification technology, has been widely used in the surface strengthening of various metallic elements, obtains good effect.Laser peening is that the high-pressure shocking wave producing by the induction of high energy ps pulsed laser and ns pulsed laser makes material surface generation intense plastic strain, changes the method that material surface microtexture and stressed condition improve material surface performance.Research shows, laser peening is fining metal material surface microtexture effectively, produces the residual compressive stress of Gao Ershen, significantly improves material surface performance, as hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance nature, anti-fatigue performance etc.
Nano material has excellent mechanical property, therefore, using it as wild phase, adds in metallic substance and can play significant strengthening effect.And along with the increase with volume fraction that reduces of nanometer reinforcing phase yardstick, strengthening effect increases gradually.Based on this, developed the surface property that nano-particle reinforcement compound surface improves metallic substance.The patent No. is the method that the patent application of JP2006-017502 has proposed to prepare by bullet mechanical impact nano-particle reinforcement compound surface, to improve the surface property of material.But the method surging force is less, and strain rate is lower, should not prepare thicker particle and strengthen compound surface, efficiency is also lower, and is difficult to process complex-shaped component.Along with the development of Laser Peening Technology, the range of application of its surface modification is also expanded, and has developed gradually the nano coating technology of preparing based on laser peening.The patent No. is that the patent application of CN101787528B and CN101736214B has been introduced and by laser peening, nano particle implantation material surface improved to the method and apparatus of its surface property.This is and the immediate patent application of the present invention, but has much essence different from the present invention.First, the present invention adopts the pre-injection type laser peening method that combines surface micro-moulding and laser peening to prepare nano combined upper layer, first at metal material surface, processes micro-groove, by the pre-injection of nano particle wherein, then cover skim metal, then carry out laser peening processing; And the patent application that the patent No. is CN101787528B and CN101736214B is all directly nano particle to be laid on to material surface to carry out laser peening.Secondly, the present invention can make the nano-particle reinforcement compound surface that nano particle is more evenly distributed, and its thickness is thicker, the thickness of several microns making much larger than existing method, better strongthener surface property.Finally, when existing method is carried out laser peening, easily cause coming off and splashing of precoating nano-particle layer, cause the discontinuous and nano particle skewness of nano-particle reinforcement layer; The present invention adopts pre-injection type laser peening method under the mutual interlock of the sheet metal of micro-groove and surface coverage, effectively to retrain nano-ceramic particle, avoids the generation of this phenomenon.
The problem existing for existing method, the present invention starts with from preparation technology, the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening is proposed, the pre-injection type laser peening method that adopts surface micro-moulding to combine with laser peening is prepared nano-particle reinforcement compound surface, being mainly ultra-high voltage surging force by the induced with laser nano-ceramic particle that makes to inject in advance micro-groove embeds the matrix metal of micro-channel bottom and two side and the sheet metal of covering at micro-groove with covering under the interlock constraint of sheet metal, make the sheet metal that upper surface covers be cold-welded to metal material surface under forced plasticity deforming drives simultaneously, final acquisition surface microstructure is tiny, nano-ceramic particle is evenly distributed, residual compressive stress Gao Ershen, the compound surface that thickness is large, produce refined crystalline strengthening, the cooperative reinforcing effect of nano reinforcement and working hardening, significantly improve metal material surface characteristics.This technological process is simple, pollution-free, easy to operate, is suitable for large-scale batch production.Therefore, by the present invention, can prepare the high performance uniform nanoparticles of high thickness at metal material surface and strengthen compound surface, meet the demand of practical application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of metallic substance laser peening nano combined surface treatment method, it is in conjunction with the advantage of laser peening and nano material, adopt the pre-injection type laser peening method that surface micro-moulding combines with laser peening to process metal material surface, by ultra-high voltage surging force, make the sheet metal that upper surface covers be cold-welded to metal material surface under forced plasticity deforming drives, the nano-ceramic particle that simultaneously makes to inject in advance micro-groove embeds the matrix metal of surperficial sheet metal and micro-channel bottom and two side, acquisition surface microstructure is tiny, nano-ceramic particle is evenly distributed, the compound surface that residual compressive stress is high, produce refined crystalline strengthening, the cooperative reinforcing effect of nano reinforcement and working hardening, significantly improve metal material surface characteristics.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses the above problem is: adopt the pre-injection type laser peening method that surface micro-moulding combines with laser peening to process metal material surface, make nano-ceramic particle be uniformly distributed in material surface, effective its surface microstructure of refinement, form the thin brilliant compound surface that thick nano particle evenly strengthens, significantly improve metal material surface characteristics.Its concrete steps are:
1) metallic substance work surface is polished, polishing, cleaning and dry pre-treatment;
2) on pretreated work surface, carry out micro forming, process micro-groove;
3) by the micro-groove of the pre-injection of nano ceramic powder, and on work surface, cover skim metal;
4) absorption layer and restraint layer are arranged on to sheet metal surface;
5) metallic substance work surface is carried out to laser peening processing, obtain the compound surface of nano-particle reinforcement.
Described metallic substance is metallic aluminium, aluminium alloy, MAGNESIUM METAL, magnesium alloy, metallic copper, copper alloy, metal titanium, titanium alloy, metallic nickel, nickelalloy, cast iron or steel.
Being shaped as of described micro-groove is square, V-arrangement, U-shaped, semicircle or inverted trapezoidal, and the upper edge hole width of described micro-groove is 100-200 μ m, and the degree of depth of micro-groove is 20-50 μ m.
Described nano ceramic powder is SiC, TiC, WC, ZrC, Si
3n
4, AlN, TiN, BN, ZrN, VN, SiO
2, Al
2o
3, ZrO
2, TiB
2, ZrB
2in one or more mixed powder.
The mean diameter of described nano ceramic powder is 10-100nm.
Described sheet metal is metallic aluminium, aluminium alloy, MAGNESIUM METAL, magnesium alloy, metallic copper, copper alloy, metal titanium, titanium alloy, metallic nickel, nickelalloy, metallic iron or steel, and thickness is 10-40 μ m.
Described absorption layer is pitch-dark, and restraint layer is glass or flowing water.
Described laser peening processing parameter is: laser power density is 1-10GW/cm
2, laser pulse width is 5-40ns, and spot diameter is 1-10mm, and overlapping rate is 20%-80%.
The invention has the advantages that: the present invention combines the advantage of laser peening and nano material, the pre-injection type laser peening method that adopts surface micro-moulding to combine with laser peening is prepared the metallic substance compound surface of nano-particle reinforcement, simultaneously refinement metal material surface crystal grain, form the surface compress residual stresses of Gao Ershen, thereby significantly improved its surface property.Micro-groove that surface micro-moulding forms not only plays the effect of carrying nano-ceramic particle, and the sheet metal of itself and surface coverage links mutually, play the effect of constraint nano-ceramic particle, to avoid nano-ceramic particle to produce and come off and splash phenomena under laser peening condition, being beneficial to nano-ceramic particle embeds in surperficial sheet metal and in the matrix metal of micro-channel bottom and two side better, nano-ceramic particle is more uniformly distributed, obtains thicker nano-particle reinforcement compound surface; Laser peening belongs to the high strain rate viscous deformation of cold conditions treatment process, its nano-ceramic particle that not only makes to inject in advance micro-groove by ultra-high voltage surging force embeds the matrix metal of surperficial sheet metal and micro-channel bottom and two side, make the sheet metal that upper surface covers be cold-welded to metal material surface under forced plasticity deforming drives simultaneously, and effectively refinement surface microstructure tissue, formed the surface compress residual stresses of Gao Ershen, the cooperative reinforcing effect that has produced refined crystalline strengthening, nano reinforcement and working hardening, has significantly improved metal material surface characteristics.Therefore, the present invention can make that surface microstructure is tiny, nano-ceramic particle is evenly distributed, the high thickness compound surface of residual compressive stress Gao Ershen, significantly improves metal material surface characteristics, extends its work-ing life.Technological process of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, is suitable for large-scale batch production.
Embodiment
In the present invention, the nano combined surface treatment of metallic substance laser peening is that the complex method combining with laser peening by surface micro-moulding is realized.First metallic substance work surface is carried out to pre-treatment, and on the work surface of handling well, carry out micro forming, process micro-groove, then by the micro-groove of the pre-injection of nano ceramic powder, and on work surface, cover skim metal, absorption layer and restraint layer are set again, finally carry out laser peening processing, obtain the compound surface that nano-ceramic particle strengthens.Adopt nano-ceramic particle that the present invention makes to strengthen that compound surface thickness is large, crystal grain is tiny, nano particle is evenly distributed, residual compressive stress Gao Ershen, has significantly improved its surface property, has extended its work-ing life.
Embodiment 1:
1) metallic substance aluminium alloy work surface is polished, polishing, cleaning and dry pre-treatment;
2) on pretreated work surface, carry out micro forming, processing upper edge hole width is 100 μ m, and the degree of depth is square micro-groove of 20 μ m;
3) the SiC nano ceramic powder of 10nm is injected to micro-groove in advance, and on work surface, cover the sheet metal of 10 μ m;
4) pitch-dark as absorption layer in the coating of sheet metal surface, and glass is set as restraint layer;
5) metallic substance work surface is carried out to laser peening processing, laser power density is 10GW/cm
2, laser pulse width is 40ns, and spot diameter is 10mm, and overlapping rate is 40%, obtains the compound surface of nano-particle reinforcement.
The hardness that adopts microhardness instrument to test laser peening nano-particle reinforcement compound surface is 221HV, compared with the hardness of conventional laser bead blasted surfaces, has improved approximately 47%.
Embodiment 2:
1) metallic substance soft steel work surface is polished, polishing, cleaning and dry pre-treatment;
2) on pretreated work surface, carry out micro forming, processing upper edge hole width is 200 μ m, and the degree of depth is the micro-groove of the V-arrangement of 50 μ m;
3) the TiN nano ceramic powder of 100nm is injected to micro-groove in advance, and on work surface, cover the sheet metal of 40 μ m;
4) pitch-dark as absorption layer in the coating of sheet metal surface, and flowing water is set as restraint layer;
5) metallic substance work surface is carried out to laser peening processing, laser power density is 1GW/cm
2, laser pulse width is 5ns, and spot diameter is 1mm, and overlapping rate is 20%, obtains the compound surface of nano-particle reinforcement.
The hardness that adopts microhardness instrument to test laser peening nano-particle reinforcement compound surface is 289HV, compared with the hardness of conventional laser bead blasted surfaces, has improved approximately 30%.
Embodiment 3:
1) the pure titanium work surface of metallic substance is polished, polishing, cleaning and dry pre-treatment;
2) on pretreated work surface, carry out micro forming, processing upper edge hole width is 160 μ m, and the degree of depth is trapezoidal micro-groove of 40 μ m;
3) by the TiB of 40nm
2nano ceramic powder is pre-injects micro-groove, and on work surface, covers the sheet metal of 30 μ m;
4) pitch-dark as absorption layer in the coating of sheet metal surface, and glass is set as restraint layer;
5) metallic substance work surface is carried out to laser peening processing, laser power density is 8GW/cm
2, laser pulse width is 30ns, and spot diameter is 5mm, and overlapping rate is 80%, obtains the compound surface of nano-particle reinforcement.
The hardness that adopts microhardness instrument to test laser peening nano-particle reinforcement compound surface is 196HV, compared with the hardness of conventional laser bead blasted surfaces, has improved approximately 51%.
Embodiment 4:
1) metallic substance magnesium alloy work surface is polished, polishing, cleaning and dry pre-treatment;
2) on pretreated work surface, carry out micro forming, processing upper edge hole width is 130 μ m, and the degree of depth is the micro-groove of the semicircle of 30 μ m;
3) by the Al of 60nm
2o
3nano ceramic powder is pre-injects micro-groove, and on work surface, covers the sheet metal of 20 μ m;
4) pitch-dark as absorption layer in the coating of sheet metal surface, and flowing water is set as restraint layer;
5) metallic substance work surface is carried out to laser peening processing, laser power density is 5GW/cm
2, laser pulse width is 20ns, and spot diameter is 3mm, and overlapping rate is 60%, obtains the compound surface of nano-particle reinforcement.
The hardness that adopts microhardness instrument to test laser peening nano-particle reinforcement compound surface is 167HV, compared with the hardness of conventional laser bead blasted surfaces, has improved approximately 39%.
Claims (8)
1. the nano combined surface treatment method of metallic substance laser peening, it is characterized in that, advantage in conjunction with laser peening and nano material, adopt the pre-injection type laser peening method that surface micro-moulding combines with laser peening to process metal material surface, ultra-high voltage surging force by induced with laser makes the nano-ceramic particle that injects in advance micro-groove embed the matrix metal of micro-channel bottom and two side and the sheet metal of covering under micro-groove and the interlock that covers sheet metal retrain, make the sheet metal that upper surface covers be cold-welded to metal material surface under forced plasticity deforming drives simultaneously, final acquisition surface microstructure is tiny, nano-ceramic particle is evenly distributed, residual compressive stress Gao Ershen, the compound surface that thickness is large, concrete steps are:
A) metallic substance work surface is polished, polishing, cleaning and dry pre-treatment;
B) on pretreated work surface, carry out micro forming, process micro-groove;
C) by the micro-groove of the pre-injection of nano ceramic powder, and on work surface, cover skim metal;
D) absorption layer and restraint layer are arranged on to sheet metal surface;
E) metallic substance work surface is carried out to laser peening processing, obtain the compound surface of nano-particle reinforcement.
2. the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described steps A) metallic substance be metallic aluminium, aluminium alloy, MAGNESIUM METAL, magnesium alloy, metallic copper, copper alloy, metal titanium, titanium alloy, metallic nickel, nickelalloy, cast iron or steel.
3. the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step B) being shaped as of micro-groove is square, V-arrangement, U-shaped, semicircle or inverted trapezoidal, the upper edge hole width of described micro-groove is 100-200 μ m, and the degree of depth of micro-groove is 20-50 μ m.
4. the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step C) nano ceramic powder be SiC, TiC, WC, ZrC, Si
3n
4, AlN, TiN, BN, ZrN, VN, SiO
2, Al
2o
3, ZrO
2, TiB
2, ZrB
2in one or more mixed powder.
5. the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step C) the mean diameter of nano ceramic powder be 10-100nm.
6. the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step C) sheet metal is metallic aluminium, aluminium alloy, MAGNESIUM METAL, magnesium alloy, metallic copper, copper alloy, metal titanium, titanium alloy, metallic nickel, nickelalloy, metallic iron or steel, and thickness is 10-40 μ m.
7. the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step D) absorption layer be pitch-dark, restraint layer is glass or flowing water.
8. the nano combined surface treatment method of a kind of metallic substance laser peening according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step e) laser peening processing parameter be: laser power density is 1-10GW/cm
2, laser pulse width is 5-40ns, and spot diameter is 1-10mm, and overlapping rate is 20%-80%.
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| CN104878189A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-02 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing non-smooth surface of alloy substrate |
| CN105441933A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-30 | 苏州市宝玛数控设备有限公司 | Surface treatment method for machining titanium alloy |
| CN105936974A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-09-14 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock strengthening method for small-pitch gear surface |
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| CN105441933A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-30 | 苏州市宝玛数控设备有限公司 | Surface treatment method for machining titanium alloy |
| CN105936974A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-09-14 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock strengthening method for small-pitch gear surface |
| CN105936974B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2018-01-16 | 江苏大学 | A kind of laser shock peening method for close-toothed wheel surface |
| CN106086390A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-09 | 江苏大学 | A kind of method that bionic, non-smooth nano carbon-base thin film is prepared on alloy substrate surface |
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| CN108728782A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | The method that ps pulsed laser and ns pulsed laser shock peening titanium alloy slim vane shock wave absorbs |
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| CN112376096A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-19 | 北京酷捷科技有限公司 | Preparation method of metal material surface microporous structure and metal material |
| CN112376096B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-11-02 | 北京酷捷科技有限公司 | Preparation method of metal material surface microporous structure and metal material |
| CN112662975A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-16 | 常州大学 | Strengthening method for improving high-temperature fatigue performance of aviation titanium alloy |
| CN112877536A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-01 | 常州大学 | Method for strengthening vibration fatigue performance of metal material by laser shot blasting and ultralow temperature coupling |
| CN112981090A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-18 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Surface strengthening device and method based on laser-driven microparticle impact |
| CN112981090B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-04-26 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Surface strengthening device and method based on laser-driven microparticle impact |
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