CN103305828B - A kind of method of work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer - Google Patents
A kind of method of work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007709 nanocrystallization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
- B23P6/002—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
- B23P6/007—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only additive methods, e.g. build-up welding
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Abstract
nullThe devices and methods therefor of ultrasonic impact of the present invention strengthening laser cladding layer，Conventional Process of Powder Feeding Laser Cladding method is used to prepare laser cladding layer at cladding substrate surface，Laser cladding layer is acted on after completing by one laser melting coating with ultrasonic impact，During multiple tracks Multilayer Laser Cladding，Laser melting coating is with ultrasonic impact alternately，The present invention significantly strengthens laser cladding layer，Refining laser microstructure of surface cladding layer、Eliminate residual stress in laser cladding layer，After laser cladding layer is acted on by ultrasonic impact，Laser cladding layer can be formed the plastic deformation layer of certain depth，In plastic deformation layer, crystal grain lattice is distorted，Form highdensity dislocation，Make dendrite in laser cladding layer solidified structure broken，And be scattered in laser cladding layer，Re-form equally distributed small crystal nucleus，Crystal grain thinning，Ultrasonic impact implants compressive stress in laser cladding layer simultaneously，Offset tension in laser cladding layer，Eliminate residual stress in laser cladding layer.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the method for work of the device of a kind of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer, belong to laser processing application skill
Art field and metal impact reinforcement technique field.
Background technology:
Laser melting and coating technique utilizes high energy laser beam to make material rapid melting, solidification form good metallurgical binding with base material,
Can be used for the field such as material surface modifying, part quick shaping.This technology has microstructure of surface cladding layer densification, realizes material ladder
Spend function, shape the features such as fast, with short production cycle, flexibility degree high controllability is good, at Aero-Space, automobile, mould
The industries such as tool, boats and ships have a wide range of applications.Correlational study shows, Laser beam energy distribution is uneven, in cladding process
The factors such as thermograde is big, freezing rate is fast, cause the column branch that the formation uneven, easy of cladding layer solidified structure is thick
The problems such as crystalline substance.Laser cladding layer also exists bigger residual stress simultaneously, easily induces the formation of crackle, affect cladding
The intensity of layer, fatigue life, anti-stress corrosion performance etc. so that the performance of cladding layer is substantially reduced.Therefore, refinement is molten
Residual stress in coating solidified structure, elimination cladding layer, makes laser cladding layer be strengthened and has important research meaning.
Pertinent literature retrieval through publishing both at home and abroad finds, the main method of strengthening laser cladding layer has thin crystalline substance at present
Strengthening and dispersion-strengtherning, concrete grammar such as: use supersonic vibration auxiliary process, use alternating magnetic field auxiliary process, molten
Whiting end is added rare earth element etc..Such as, Qin Lanyun (see Qin Lanyun, Wang Wei, Yang Guang. Chinese laser, 2013,40
(1) method: 1～6) using supersonic vibration auxiliary, on Ti6Al4V base material laser deposition molding TC4 powder and Ti and
Cr3C2Mixed-powder, draw the addition of supersonic vibration auxiliary process can realize sedimentary component of organization uniformly, crystal grain refinement,
Reduce the residual stress of sedimentary simultaneously, thus strengthen cladding layer.Liu Hongxi, Cai Chuanxiong of Kunming University of Science and Technology et al. exist
In Chinese patent CN102703898A " a kind of method of alternating magnetic field refining laser cladding layer solidified structure and device thereof "
Proposing by alternating magnetic field auxiliary laser cladding, liquid metal is played certain stirring by the electromagnetic force utilizing alternating magnetic field to produce
Effect, makes dendrite in microstructure of surface cladding layer be crashed to pieces and forms new nucleus, thus refine cladding layer solidified structure, eliminates molten
Defect in coating is to strengthen cladding layer.But the vibration force of both approaches offer, stirring action are less, can only be certain
Strengthen cladding layer in degree, there is certain limitation.Li Jun (see Li Jun, Wang Huiping, Li Manping,
Yu Zhishui.Journal of Rare Earths, 2011,29 (5): 477～483) contain with laser melting coating on Ti6Al4V alloy
The cladding layer of rare earth, draws owing to generating Y in the incorporation cladding layer of Rare Earth Y element2O3Dispersion-strengtherning phase, has refined molten
Coating tissue, makes cladding layer be strengthened.But this process costs is higher, match materials is complicated, and technique is promoted and deposited
In certain difficulty.
Ultrasonic impact method and equipment thereof are invented in 20 century 70s by Ukraine's bar institute scientific research personnel that pauses the earliest,
Initially purpose is to eliminate the residual stress in Welding Structure.After ultrasonic impact effect, material forms the plasticity change of certain depth
Shape layer so that material forms highdensity dislocation, broken dendrite arm, make column crystal be broken into equiax crystal, thus material
Crystal grain is refined, and solidified structure tends to uniform.Implant certain compressive stress simultaneously in the material, offset in material and exist
Residual tension, reach to eliminate the effect of residual stress in part, thus reduce the generation of defect, improve the power of material
Learn performance.Ultrasonic impact belongs to working hardening to the invigoration effect of material, it is possible to thinning microstructure, elimination residual stress.This
Item technology, at aspects such as metal-surface nano crystallization, reduction welding structural element residual stress, obtains notable achievement.Through retrieval,
Not yet find to use ultrasonic impact refining laser cladding layer solidified structure, eliminate residual stress in cladding layer, to strengthen laser
The method of cladding layer.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention provides the devices and methods therefor of a kind of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer, utilizes ultrasonic impact effect to refine
Laser cladding layer solidified structure, reduction laser cladding layer residual stress, solve uneven microstructure, pore in laser cladding layer
Crack defect, there is the problems such as bigger residual stress.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that the device of a kind of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer, and it includes CO2Laser
Device and CO2The laser melting coating that laser instrument is connected controls device, controls, with laser melting coating, the workbench and synchronization that device is connected
Powder feeder, the argon gas cylinder being connected with described synchronous powder feeder and coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, grip device and be arranged at described folder
Cladding base material on tool device, described argon gas cylinder is connected with described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, and described synchronous powder feeder passes through institute
State coaxial powder-feeding nozzle and strengthen the device of laser cladding layer also to described cladding base material spray feed cladding powder, described ultrasonic impact
Include the ultrasonic-frequency power supply being arranged at the ultrasonic impact gun above described cladding base material and being connected with described ultrasonic impact gun.
The present invention also adopts the following technical scheme that the method for a kind of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer, and it includes walking as follows
Rapid:
First, treat cladding matrix and carry out pretreatment, after cleaning, drying, be fixed on workbench, and cladding powder is entered
Row drying and processing；
Secondly, in the atmosphere of argon shield, laser cladding layer is prepared by laser melting and coating process；
Then, after prepared by one laser cladding layer, utilize ultrasonic impact gun laser cladding layer to be carried out ultrasonic impact, really
Protect coverage rate and reach 100%；
Finally, after one laser cladding layer impact terminates, carrying out lower one laser melting and coating process, ultrasonic impact melts with laser
Cover cycle alternation to carry out, finally realize the preparation of full laser cladding layer.
Described ultrasonic impact technological parameter be frequency of impact be 20～40Hz, electric current is 0.5～2.5A, described ultrasonic punching
Hitting the striker pin a diameter of 1～4mm of rifle, striker pin number is 1～3.
There is advantages that
(1) present invention can notable refining laser cladding layer solidified structure, when after ultrasonic impact laser cladding layer, formation
High density dislocation makes dendrite in laser cladding layer solidified structure broken, re-forms tiny nucleus so that laser melting coating
Layer solidified structure refinement；
(2) present invention can substantially eliminate laser cladding layer residual stress, after ultrasonic impact acts on laser cladding layer,
Form higher compressive stress in laser cladding layer, make the residual tension in laser cladding layer be eliminated；
(3) present invention can be implemented in line and strengthen laser cladding layer, laser cladding process and ultrasonic impact alternately, often
Every layer of road laser cladding layer, all by ultrasonic impact invigoration effect, is compared after laser melting coating is fully completed again to laser cladding layer
Strengthening, strengthening effect is more prominent；
(4) device of ultrasonic impact of the present invention strengthening laser cladding layer is simple, low cost；
(5) present invention is pollution-free, technique is applied widely, and ultrasonic impact act as physical action to laser cladding layer,
Laser cladding layer etc. will not be produced and pollute, and the effect of ultrasonic impact is strong, coverage is big, it is adaptable to various laser
Melting and coating process.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of ultrasonic impact of the present invention strengthening laser cladding layer.
Fig. 2 is the process chart of the device of ultrasonic impact of the present invention strengthening laser cladding layer.
Fig. 3 is present invention cross section metallographic structure figure of single track laser cladding layer when embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is present invention cross section metallographic structure figure of single track laser cladding layer when embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is present invention cross section metallographic structure figure of single track laser cladding layer when embodiment 3.
Wherein:
1-CO2Laser instrument, 2-reflecting mirror, 3-argon gas cylinder, 4-synchronous powder feeder, 5-workbench, 6-grip device, 7-
Laser melting coating controls device, 8-ultrasonic-frequency power supply, 9-support, 10-ultrasonic impact gun, 11-coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, 12-laser
Cladding layer, 13-cladding base material.
Detailed description of the invention:
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, the device of ultrasonic impact of the present invention strengthening laser cladding layer includes CO2Laser instrument 1, reflection
Mirror 2, argon gas cylinder 3, synchronous powder feeder 4, workbench 5, grip device 6, laser melting coating controls device 7, ultrasonic
Power supply 8, support 9, ultrasonic impact gun 10, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 11, laser cladding layer 12, cladding base material 13, its
In, laser melting coating controls device 7 and CO2Laser instrument 1, workbench 5, synchronous powder feeder 4 are connected, argon gas cylinder 3
Being connected with synchronous powder feeder 4, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 11, synchronous powder feeder 4 is filled to fixture by coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 11
Putting the cladding base material 13 spray feed cladding powder on 6 to realize laser cladding process, ultrasonic impact can manually perform or logical
Cross automated arm to perform.
Refer to Fig. 1 and combine shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, the method for ultrasonic impact of the present invention strengthening laser cladding layer, it leads to
Cross use coaxial powder-feeding formula CO2Laser instrument cladding equipment prepares laser cladding layer at cladding substrate surface, recycles ultrasonic punching
The equipment that hits carries out shock peening to laser cladding layer, and it specifically includes following steps: first, treats cladding matrix 13 and enters
Row pretreatment, cleans with acetone and then dries, be fixed on workbench 5, and cladding powder is carried out drying and processing；Secondly,
Laser cladding layer is prepared by common laser melting and coating process in the atmosphere of argon shield；Then, one laser cladding layer system
Standby complete after, utilize hand-held or device clamping ultrasonic impact gun that laser cladding layer carries out ultrasonic impact immediately, it is ensured that coverage rate
Reach 100%；Finally, after one laser cladding layer impact terminates, lower one laser melting and coating process, ultrasonic impact are carried out
Carry out with laser melting coating cycle alternation, finally realize the preparation of full laser cladding layer.Utilize the exciting force of ultrasonic impact,
The dendrite generated in laser cladding layer is smashed, forms uniform small crystal nucleus, make laser cladding layer tissue refine and uniform,
Eliminate in laser cladding layer the defects such as pore.The compressive stress that ultrasonic impact is implanted simultaneously, offsets remnants in laser cladding layer and draws
Stress, eliminates residual stress in laser cladding layer, is beneficial to the solidification of lower one laser cladding layer.
Used laser cladding technological parameter is: defocusing amount 10～30mm, spot diameter 1～4mm, powder feed rate 5～
50g/min, laser power 1～3kw, scanning speed 200～600mm/min.Used ultrasonic impact technological parameter is:
Frequency of impact is 20～40Hz, and electric current is 0.5～2.5A, striker pin a diameter of 1～4mm, striker pin number be 1～
3, impact parameter selects in given range according to actual needs, it is ensured that the solidified structure of laser cladding layer and laser melting coating
In Ceng, residual stress reaches target.Frequency of impact is adjusted by impact device specification, and electric current can be by control
Ultrasonic-frequency power supply processed adjusts in real time, and striker pin diameter can be adjusted by customization impact syringe needle.
The present invention is expanded on further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Laser melting coating base material is nickel base superalloy GH4169, and its chemical composition is as shown in table 1, a size of
600mm×20mm×5mm.Substrate surface carries out sand papering, acetone cleans, and removes substrate surface greasy dirt impurity etc.,
And be fixed on workbench；Laser cladding powder powder material is Ni-base Superalloy Powder FGH95, granularity be 100～
Its chemical composition of 150 μm is as shown in table 1.Powder is placed in 100～200 DEG C of dry 6h in drying baker, adds after cooling
In powder feeder.Use coaxial powder-feeding mode to carry out laser cladding process, be passed through argon shield simultaneously, it is thus achieved that single track laser melts
Coating.Carrying out laser single track cladding, the technological parameter of employing is: laser power 1.5kw, scanning speed 400mm/min,
Powder feed rate 24g/min, defocusing amount 15mm, spot diameter 3mm.
Vertical direction along laser scanning direction intercepts sample with line cutting, and dilute king is used after sand paper grinding, polishing in surface
Aqueous corrosion, utilizes XJP-300 metallography microscope sem observation cladding layer microstructure, obtained cladding layer cross section metallographic structure figure
As shown in Figure 3.
Table 1 FGH95 Yu GH4169 main chemical compositions (mass fraction %)
Embodiment 2
Laser single track cladding process is same as in Example 1, after laser single track cladding, with ultrasonic impact gun to laser cladding layer
Surface is impacted, and ultrasonic impact technological parameter is: frequency of impact 20Hz, electric current 0.5A, striker pin diameter 1mm,
Striker pin number is 1, ensures that the coverage rate of laser cladding layer reaches 100% during impact.Obtained laser melting coating layer cross section gold
Phase constitution figure is as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 3
Laser single track cladding process is same as in Example 1, after laser single track cladding, with ultrasonic impact gun to clad layer surface
Impacting, ultrasonic impact technological parameter is: frequency of impact 20Hz, electric current 2A, striker pin diameter 3mm, striker pin
Number is 1, ensures that the coverage rate of laser cladding layer reaches 100% during impact.Obtained laser melting coating layer cross section metallographic structure
Figure is as shown in Figure 5.
Laser cladding layer is mainly made up of with equiax crystal columnar dendrite as can be seen from Figure 3, and crystal grain skewness, office
Region, portion crystallite dimension is bigger.From Fig. 4,5 this it appears that laser cladding layer tissue is changed into equiax crystal by dendrite,
Crystal grain distribution tends to uniform and crystallite dimension is tiny.
By above laser cladding layer microstructure relative analysis it can be seen that through the laser cladding layer tissue of ultrasonic impact
Mainly being made up of equiax crystal, compare not through the laser cladding layer tissue of ultrasonic impact, columnar dendrite broken formation of being shaken is thin
Little equiax crystal, and crystallite dimension is more tiny.Due to the effect of ultrasonic impact, dendrite is crashed to pieces, and forms new nucleus,
Laser cladding layer tissue is refined.Laser cladding layer tissue more uniformly reduces because of the planted agent of the uneven formation of tissue distribution
Power and ultrasonic impact act on the compressive stress formed in laser cladding layer, reduce residual stress in laser cladding layer, improve
Laser cladding layer quality, strengthens laser cladding layer.
The present invention passes through ultrasonic impact effect, applies the biggest alternate load on laser cladding layer surface, load effect in the same direction,
Constantly impact loading effect superposition, forms the plastic deformation layer of certain depth in laser cladding layer.Plastic deformation
In layer, crystal grain lattice is distorted, and forms highdensity dislocation, makes dendrite in laser cladding layer solidified structure broken, and
It is scattered in cladding layer, re-forms equally distributed small crystal nucleus.Gap shrinks fill up pore in cladding layer between crystal grain
Space so that in laser cladding layer solidified structure, crystal grain is more uniform, tiny and eliminates the defects such as pore.Crystal grain is sent out simultaneously
During the shape that changes refinement, certain internal stress can be produced.When coating metal extends to surrounding, owing to top layer deforms with internal layer
Inhomogeneities, interior metal hinder coating metal extension, form higher compressive stress.Ultrasonic impact is utilized to produce
Compressive stress offsets the residual tension in laser cladding layer, reduces the generation of the defects such as crackle in laser cladding layer.Laser melts
The refinement of coating tissue crystal grain combines the elimination of residual stress, and laser cladding layer can be made significantly to be strengthened.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, some improvement can also be made under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, these improvement also should be regarded as the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (2)
1. a method of work for the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer, described ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer
Device include CO2Laser instrument and CO2The laser melting coating that laser instrument is connected controls device and laser melting coating controls device
The argon gas cylinder that with synchronous powder feeder, is connected with described synchronous powder feeder of workbench being connected and coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, fixture
Device and the cladding base material being arranged on described grip device, described argon gas cylinder is connected with described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, institute
State synchronous powder feeder to be strengthened to described cladding base material spray feed cladding powder, described ultrasonic impact by described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle
The device of laser cladding layer also include be arranged at the ultrasonic impact gun above described cladding base material and with described ultrasonic impact
The ultrasonic-frequency power supply that rifle is connected, the shock loading of described ultrasonic impact gun is alternate load, and load effect is in the same direction, its feature
It is: method of work comprises the steps
First, treat cladding matrix and carry out pretreatment, after cleaning, drying, be fixed on workbench, and cladding powder is entered
Row drying and processing；
Secondly, in the atmosphere of argon shield, laser cladding layer is prepared by laser melting and coating process；
Then, after prepared by one laser cladding layer, utilize ultrasonic impact gun laser cladding layer to be carried out ultrasonic impact, really
Protect coverage rate and reach 100%；
Finally, after one laser cladding layer impact terminates, carrying out lower one laser melting and coating process, ultrasonic impact melts with laser
Cover cycle alternation to carry out, finally realize the preparation of full laser cladding layer.
2. the method for work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described ultrasonic impact technological parameter be frequency of impact be 20～40Hz, electric current is 0.5～2.5A, described ultrasonic impact gun
Striker pin a diameter of 1～4mm, striker pin number is 1～3.
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