Background technology
Phellinus (
phellinus igniarius(L.ex Fr.) Quel.) claiming again Sang Chen, mulberry ear, Phellinus mushroom etc., is a kind of medicinal fungi of preciousness, and main parasitic, on the trunk of the xylophytas such as mulberry, poplar, birch, pine, all has distribution on China northeast, North China, northwest and other places.Phellinus sporophore is used as medicine, and mildly bitter flavor is cold in nature, returns liver, kidney channel, its medicinal < < Compendium of Materia Medica > > that is recorded in the earliest: " sharp the five internal organs, a surname's flatus, toxin expelling gas ".China's Traditional Chinese Medicine is often treated under uterine bleeding band by Phellinus, the diseases such as diarrhea due to hypofunction of the spleen.Modern pharmacology studies confirm that, the effect such as that Phellinus has is antitumor, anti-oxidant, reducing blood-fat, strengthening immunity, is one of internationally recognized best anticancer epiphyte.Chemical composition analysis shows, the materials such as polysaccharide, flavones and terpene are the crucial activeconstituentss of Phellinus.Wherein, that flavonoid compound has is anti-oxidant, reducing blood-fat and antitumor isoreactivity, generally from natural phant, extracts and obtains, and Phellinus is rare one of the medicinal fungi of flavonoid compound that is rich in.Yet along with Phellinus pharmaceutical use is accepted by people day by day, the output of wild Phellinus becomes the important bottleneck of restriction Phellinus industrialized development.
Because wild Phellinus is subject to the restriction of its special physiological state and complicated growing environment, the wild Phellinus sporophore quantity forming at occurring in nature is rare.And artificial culture is extremely difficult, culture condition is harsh, and growth cycle is longer; form pharmaceutically acceptable sporophore and generally need 3 ~ 4 years; the research of Phellinus is restricted, has also restricted the further exploitation of Phellinus product, be difficult to meet the market requirement day by day expanding.Therefore, find out a kind of method of effectively producing fast flavonoids from phellinus to solve the contradiction between prior art and Production requirement, become one of current Phellinus research and development field problem in the urgent need to address.Early-stage Study shows, in Phellinus liquid fermenting mycelium, also contains flavonoid compound, has equally the effects such as anti-oxidant, antitumor.Utilize liquid submerged fermentation to cultivate and obtain in a large number phellinus igniarius mycelium and active substance thereof, because it is with short production cycle, it is little to be affected by the external environment, save the advantages such as labor force, become a kind of effective way of artificial production Phellinus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of liquid fermentation process that improves phellinus igniarius mycelium yield of flavone, the method is with short production cycle, is affected by the external environment little, and technique is simple, can increase substantially phellinus igniarius mycelium yield of flavone, and can suitability for industrialized production.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can realize by following technical solution: a kind of liquid fermentation process that improves phellinus igniarius mycelium yield of flavone, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification: the Phellinus solid spawn of slant preservation is inoculated on PDA plate culture medium, activation culture, 25 ~ 30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 5 ~ 7 days, then getting Phellinus bacterium piece is inoculated in the triangular flask that PD liquid nutrient medium is housed and carries out fermentation culture, shaking speed 150 ~ 200 r/min, 25 ~ 30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 5 ~ 7 days, adopts low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation every day 1 ~ 3 time;
(2) liquid fermentation and culture of Phellinus: by cultured Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification homogeneous; then get liquid-spawn inoculation and carry out fermentation culture in the PD liquid fermentation medium that has added magnesium ion; shaking speed 100 ~ 150 r/min; 25 ~ 30 ℃ of culture temperature; incubation time 5 ~ 10 days; adopt low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation every day 3 ~ 5 times, obtain the phellinus igniarius mycelium of high flavones content.
In the liquid fermentation process of above-mentioned raising phellinus igniarius mycelium yield of flavone:
The ultrasonic frequency adopting in step of the present invention (1) is 10 ~ 30KHz, and ultrasonic power is 2 ~ 10W, and every day, ultrasonic number of times was 1 ~ 3 time, and each ultrasonic time is 5 ~ 10s, and be 10 ~ 30s each interval time.
The ultrasonic frequency adopting in step of the present invention (2) is 10 ~ 50KHz, and ultrasonic power is 5 ~ 20W, and every day, ultrasonic number of times was 3 ~ 5 times, and each ultrasonic time is 10 ~ 30s, and be 30 ~ 60s each interval time.
A kind of fermentation process that improves yield of flavone provided by the invention; just being of most critical carried out irradiation by low intensive ultrasonic wave to fermented bacterium; ultrasonic intensity is crossed conference and is killed bacterial classification; intensity is too small act on not obvious; the inventor finds through a large amount of tests; adopt ultrasonic frequency and the power of above-mentioned restriction, can from phellinus igniarius mycelium, obtain higher yield of flavone.
Magnesium ion described in step of the present invention (2) derives from magnesium sulfate (MgSO
4) or magnesium chloride (MgCl
2).
In step of the present invention (2), in PD liquid fermentation medium, the concentration of magnesium ion is 0.01 ~ 0.03mol/L.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following effect:
(1) liquid fermenting that the present invention is applied to phellinus igniarius mycelium flavones by low intensity ultrasound field is produced, and has increased substantially phellinus igniarius mycelium yield of flavone, more than output can reach 600mg/L, is the more than 5 times of control group;
(2) the ultrasonic equipment wide material sources that adopt in the present invention, existing a large amount of commerical prods are sold, and most commercial ultrasonic generator all can be applied to present method, can obtain good effect, reproducible;
(3) Phellinus liquid fermentation process of the present invention is simple, and raw materials is cheap and easy to get, and effect is remarkable, instrument is easy and simple to handle, and the whole fermenting process of what is more important is controlled, affected by external environmental condition very little, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production;
(4) flavonoids from phellinus extracting the phellinus igniarius mycelium preparing from the present invention, its output is high, and the flavonoids from phellinus of acquisition can be used for preparing anti-oxidant, antitumor, antidotal medicine and additive etc.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, but not as limitation of the present invention.
embodiment 1
Bacterial classification: Phellinus be common cultivation kind (
phellinus igniarius), purchased from Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, CGMCC No. 5.00095.
The liquid fermentation process of the raising phellinus igniarius mycelium yield of flavone that the present embodiment provides, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification
The Phellinus solid spawn of slant preservation is inoculated on PDA plate culture medium (potato dextrose agar), inoculum size can be 3 ~ 5 of the Phellinus bacterium pieces of cut-off footpath 4 ~ 6mm, be inoculated in the triangular flask that PD liquid nutrient medium is housed, the bottled PD liquid nutrient medium of every 500mL triangle 200 ~ 250mL, activation culture, 25 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 7 days, 3 of the bacterium pieces that is 4mm in colony edge cut-off footpath with aseptic punch tool, be inoculated in the triangular flask that PD liquid nutrient medium (removing agar component in the component for PDA substratum forms) is housed and carry out fermentation culture, the bottled PD liquid nutrient medium of every 500mL triangle 200mL, shaking speed 150 r/min, 25 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 5 days, every day, proportion was 10KHz, power is the low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation 1 time of 10W, each ultrasonic time 5s, each interval time 10s, while being inoculated into liquid from solid spawn, can inoculate the bacterium piece of 5mm left and right diameter, be not construed as limiting herein, only give explanation, those skilled in the art can adjust as required, from liquid-spawn inoculation to nutrient solution in, the amount of inoculation is approximately the 5%(quality percentage composition of liquid culture base unit weight), be all common inoculum size, do not need to limit, be only described herein,
(2) liquid fermentation and culture of Phellinus
By cultured Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification homogeneous, then get liquid spawn (inoculating 3mL bacterial classification in every 100mL liquid nutrient medium) and be inoculated in interpolation magnesium sulfate (MgSO
4) PD liquid fermentation medium (adding magnesium sulfate 0.01mol in every 1000mL liquid nutrient medium) in carry out fermentation culture; shaking speed 100 r/min; 25 ℃ of culture temperature; incubation time 10 days; every day, proportion was 10KHz, the low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation that power is 20W 3 times, each ultrasonic time 10s; each interval time, 30s, obtained the phellinus igniarius mycelium of high flavones content.
Liquid Phellinus bacterial classification after homogeneous; be inoculated in the PD liquid fermentation medium that has added magnesium ion; in every 100mL liquid fermentation medium, can inoculate 3 ~ 5mL Phellinus bacterial classification; liquid nutrient medium is loaded in triangular flask; the bottled liquid nutrient medium 200 ~ 250mL of every 500mL triangle; only the inoculation situation of liquid Phellinus bacterial classification being carried out to general explanation herein, is not limitation of the invention.
(3) mensuration of flavonoids from phellinus
By gained phellinus igniarius mycelium in 60 ℃ of oven dry; pulverize; get phellinus igniarius mycelium powder 1.0g, add 30mL 60% ethanol, in 60 ℃ of refluxing extraction 24h; filter; filtrate decompression is concentrated, and residue repeats to extract 3 times, united extraction liquid; adopting aluminum nitrate-Sodium Nitrite colorimetric method for determining Phellinus general flavone content is 65.2mg/g mycelium (dry weight), yield of flavone 601.6mg/L fermented liquid.
embodiment 2
Bacterial classification: Phellinus be common cultivation kind (
phellinus igniarius), purchased from Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, CGMCC No. 5.00095.
The liquid fermentation process that improves phellinus igniarius mycelium yield of flavone, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification
The Phellinus solid spawn of slant preservation is inoculated on PDA plate culture medium, activation culture, 28 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 6 days, 4 of the bacterium pieces that is 5mm in colony edge cut-off footpath with aseptic punch tool, be inoculated in and in the triangular flask that PD liquid nutrient medium is housed, carry out fermentation culture, the bottled PD liquid nutrient medium of every 500mL triangle 225mL, shaking speed 180 r/min, 28 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 6 days, every day, proportion was 20KHz, power is the low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation 2 times of 6W, each ultrasonic time 7s, each interval time 20s;
(2) liquid fermentation and culture of Phellinus
By cultured Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification homogeneous, then get liquid spawn (inoculating 4mL bacterial classification in every 100mL liquid nutrient medium) and be inoculated in and be added with magnesium sulfate (MgSO
4) PD liquid fermentation medium in (in every 1000mL liquid nutrient medium, adding magnesium sulfate 0.02mol) carry out fermentation culture; shaking speed 120 r/min; 28 ℃ of culture temperature; incubation time 7 days; every day, proportion was 30KHz, the low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation that power is 12W 4 times, each ultrasonic time 20s; each interval time, 45s, obtained phellinus igniarius mycelium.
(3) mensuration of flavonoids from phellinus
By gained phellinus igniarius mycelium in 60 ℃ of oven dry; pulverize; get phellinus igniarius mycelium powder 1.0g, add 30mL 60% ethanol, in 60 ℃ of refluxing extraction 24h; filter; filtrate decompression is concentrated, and residue repeats to extract 3 times, united extraction liquid; adopting aluminum nitrate-Sodium Nitrite colorimetric method for determining Phellinus general flavone content is 78.8mg/g mycelium (dry weight), yield of flavone 730.4mg/L fermented liquid.
embodiment 3
Bacterial classification: Phellinus be common cultivation kind (
phellinus igniarius), purchased from Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, CGMCC No. 5.00095.
The liquid fermentation process that improves phellinus igniarius mycelium yield of flavone, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification
The Phellinus solid spawn of slant preservation is inoculated on PDA plate culture medium, activation culture, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 5 days, 5 of the bacterium pieces that is 6mm in colony edge cut-off footpath with aseptic punch tool, be inoculated in and in the triangular flask that PD liquid nutrient medium is housed, carry out fermentation culture, the bottled PD liquid nutrient medium of every 500mL triangle 250mL, shaking speed 200 r/min, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 7 days, every day, proportion was 30KHz, power is the low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation 3 times of 2W, each ultrasonic time 10s, each interval time 30s;
(2) liquid fermentation and culture of Phellinus
By cultured Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification homogeneous, then get liquid spawn (inoculating 5mL bacterial classification in every 100mL liquid nutrient medium) and be inoculated in and be added with magnesium chloride (MgCl
2) PD liquid fermentation medium in (in every 1000mL liquid nutrient medium, adding magnesium chloride 0.03mol) carry out fermentation culture; shaking speed 150 r/min; 30 ℃ of culture temperature; incubation time 5 days; every day, proportion was 50KHz, the low-intensity ultrasonic irradiation that power is 5W 5 times, each ultrasonic time 30s; each interval time, 60s, obtained phellinus igniarius mycelium.
(3) mensuration of flavonoids from phellinus
By gained phellinus igniarius mycelium in 60 ℃ of oven dry; pulverize; get phellinus igniarius mycelium powder 1.0g, add 30mL60% ethanol, in 60 ℃ of refluxing extraction 24h; filter; filtrate decompression is concentrated, and residue repeats to extract 3 times, united extraction liquid; adopting aluminum nitrate-Sodium Nitrite colorimetric method for determining Phellinus general flavone content is 82.2mg/g mycelium (dry weight), yield of flavone 665.8mg/L fermented liquid.
control group
Bacterial classification: Phellinus be common cultivation kind (
phellinus igniarius), purchased from Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, CGMCC No. 5.00095.
Common control group Phellinus liquid fermentation process, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification
The Phellinus solid spawn of slant preservation is inoculated on PDA plate culture medium, activation culture, 28 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 6 days, 4 of the bacterium pieces that is 5mm in colony edge cut-off footpath with aseptic punch tool, be inoculated in and in the triangular flask that PD liquid nutrient medium is housed, carry out fermentation culture, the bottled PD liquid nutrient medium of every 500mL triangle 225mL, shaking speed 180 r/min, 28 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 6 days, obtains Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification;
(2) liquid fermentation and culture of Phellinus
By cultured Phellinus liquid fermenting bacterial classification homogeneous; then getting liquid spawn (inoculating 4mL bacterial classification in every 100mL liquid nutrient medium) is inoculated in PD liquid fermentation medium and carries out fermentation culture, shaking speed 120 r/min, 28 ℃ of culture temperature; incubation time 7 days, obtains phellinus igniarius mycelium.
(3) mensuration of flavonoids from phellinus
By gained phellinus igniarius mycelium in 60 ℃ of oven dry; pulverize; get phellinus igniarius mycelium powder 1.0g, add 30mL 60% ethanol, in 60 ℃ of refluxing extraction 24h; filter; filtrate decompression is concentrated, and residue repeats to extract 3 times, united extraction liquid; adopting aluminum nitrate-Sodium Nitrite colorimetric method for determining Phellinus general flavone content is 18.8mg/g mycelium (dry weight), yield of flavone 118.3mg/L.
Phellinus bacterial classification of the present invention also can adopt other common cultivation kinds.
Above embodiment is only for setting forth the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not only confined to above embodiment.The those of ordinary skill of described technical field, according to above content disclosed by the invention and scope that each parameter is got, all can be realized object of the present invention.