CN103684424B - A kind of wide lock-in range current-mode latch divider based on source-electrode degradation electric capacity - Google Patents
A kind of wide lock-in range current-mode latch divider based on source-electrode degradation electric capacity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to wireless radiofrequency receiver ic technical field is and in particular to a kind of high-frequency high-speed current-mode latch divider being applied in wireless receiver integrated circuit（Current mode Latched Frequency Divider, CML FD）Design.On the one hand, the operating frequency that capacitor array improves frequency divider is introduced by the cross-coupled pipe source electrode in frequency divider；On the other hand, by changing the grid voltage size of load metal-oxide-semiconductor, realize the load change of frequency divider.By this design, current-mode latch divider can realize higher speed and wider operating frequency range, and has certain reconfigurability, and saves the area of chip it is adaptable to multi-mode reconfigurable frequency synthesizer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless radiofrequency receiver ic technical field is and in particular to be applied to wireless receiving unit frequency
Wideband current mould latch divider in synthesizer.Especially a kind of wide lock-in range electric current mold lock based on source-electrode degradation electric capacity
Deposit frequency divider, it can be used for the video receiver chip of the technical standards such as radio broadcasting, communication and global location.
Background technology
With the continuous development of technology, the requirement more and more higher to aspects such as radio broadcasting, communication and global location for the people.
Therefore, it is possible to support the wireless receiver of various modes standard and the software-defined radio in future and cognitive radio will be
One important trend of future radios development, and higher transfer rate and bigger signal bandwidth are also future radios
One important directions of development
Generally in wideband frequency design of Frequency Synthesizer, the operating frequency of frequency divider is closely related with its self-excited oscillatory frequency, point
The self-excited oscillatory frequency of frequency device is higher, then its workable frequency is also higher, and traditional ohmic load current-mode latches frequency dividing
Due to the restriction of RC constant in self structure, self-excited oscillatory frequency is difficult to be made very high device, and therefore upper operational frequency limit is relatively low, and
Need in high speed operation to consume substantial amounts of power consumption.Thus in the case of especially needing to realize high frequency carrier output, typically need
Can be operated near 1/2nd of carrier frequency using the injection locking frequency divider based on inductance, this class frequency divider,
But lock-in range is extremely limited, it is difficult to design the divider circuit of the frequency synthesizer being applied to high-frequency wideband, Er Qie
Realize having difficulties in orthogonal signalling.And because high frequency divider needs to use inductance, the frequency synthesizer of this framework exists
High band needs to expend larger area.
On the other hand, in order to obtain the carrier signal required by communications protocol, multimode broadband frequency synthesizer would generally make
With single sideband mixer to carry out frequency up-conversion operation, divided using divider, or carried out frequency multiplication operation using doubler.
And provide orthogonal signalling with orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator or multiphase filter.
In sum, in order to realize required carrier wave output in multiple communication modes, following multimode broadband frequency is comprehensive
Clutch needs a wide operating range, voltage controlled oscillator can be divided and can provide orthogonal signalling to single sideband mixer
High-performance current mould latch divider.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high-performance current mould latch divider of wide frequency ranges, more particularly, to one
Plant the wide lock-in range current-mode latch divider based on source-electrode degradation electric capacity.
The present invention provides a kind of high-frequency high-speed current-mode latch divider being applied in wireless receiver integrated circuit
（Current-mode Latched Frequency Divider,CML-FD）Design, wherein, by reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task in frequency divider
Coupling pipe source electrode introduces the operating frequency that capacitor array improves frequency divider；By changing the grid voltage size of load metal-oxide-semiconductor, real
The load change of existing frequency divider, realizes higher speed and wider operating frequency range.
Present invention also offers a kind of that there is broad tuning scope, the current-mode latch divider of orthogonal signalling can be produced
Implementation, above-mentioned implementation includes two current-mode latch, the relation that this two latch presence intercouple simultaneously；
When needing broad tuning scope, different control voltages is so that frequency divider covers the working range of a non-constant width；Another
Aspect, frequency divider to produce orthogonal signalling by way of transistor couples；The current-mode that this two intercouple latches utensil
There is following identical structure：
（1）The variable PMOS load pipe of a pair of grid bias；
（2）One is used for the variable capacitor array that self-resonant frequency is tuned；
（3）The negative resistance generator that one is formed by connecting by 2 NMOS tube cross-couplings；
（4）A pair of level driver pipe, for the output coupling with another latch, produces orthogonal signalling；
（5）It is used for providing bias current to active device, and the variable bias current sources array of current value；
Meanwhile, can need control electric current source array according to different, when being operated in lower frequency, turn off portion
Divide current source, to save power consumption.
More specifically, the wide lock-in range current-mode latch divider based on source-electrode degradation electric capacity of the present invention, its feature
It is, it is made up of two mutually isostructural latch, and each latch all includes：
（1）Two variable loads being made up of PMOS；
（2）One is used for the variable capacitor array that frequency divider self-resonant frequency is tuned；
（3）The negative resistance generator that one is formed by connecting by 2 NMOS tube cross-couplings；
（4）Two are used for changing the driving tube of latch dynamic level；
（5）Three switching tubes to be driven by external differential clock signal；
（6）It is used for providing bias current to active device, and the variable bias current sources array of current value；
In the present invention, current-mode latch divider can adjust the grid bias of PMOS according to outside control signal and work
In different frequency ranges.
In the present invention, current-mode latch divider is carried out to the self-resonance scope of frequency divider by controlling variable capacitor array
Careful control, can allow the input sensitivity curve of frequency divider ensure certain overlapping, thus realizing under different control voltages
Large range of frequency dividing.
In the present invention, current-mode latch divider has the variable capacitor array of linearization function by being biased in three biasings
The accumulation type mos capacitance composition of point, biasing is isolated by big valued resistor.
In the present invention, current-mode latch divider realizes the output of orthogonal signalling by the coupling of driving tube.
In the present invention, the bias current of current-mode its dynatron of latch divider is made up of current source array, and with switching
Its grid voltage is controlled to control its break-make.
In the present invention, the bias current of its coupling pipe of current-mode latch divider is made up of current source array, and with switching
Its grid voltage is controlled to control its break-make.
Advantages of the present invention has：
The operating frequency that capacitor array improves frequency divider is introduced by the cross-coupled pipe source electrode in frequency divider；By changing
The grid voltage size of load metal-oxide-semiconductor, realizes the load change of frequency divider；The current-mode latch divider of the present invention can be realized
Higher speed and wider operating frequency range, and there is certain reconfigurability, and save the area of chip it is adaptable to multimode
Restructural frequency synthesizer.
Brief description
The structural representation of the broadband source electrode degenerated current mould frequency divider of Fig. 1 present invention；
Fig. 2 has the variable capacitor structure of linearization function；
Fig. 3 introduces the cross-couplings tubular construction schematic diagram of source-electrode degradation electric capacity；
Fig. 4 frequency divider inputs sensitivity function curve；
The orthogonal output waveform of Fig. 5 frequency divider；
In figure label：1 is linearisation variable capacitor array；In Fig. 5, red line is the waveform input signal of frequency divider, frequently
Rate is 14GHz, and amplitude is 150mV；Red line is the I road output waveform of frequency divider, and frequency is 7GHz, and amplitude is 210mV；Purple
The line of color is the Q road output waveform of frequency divider, and frequency is 7GHz, and amplitude is 210mV.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 1, the broadband source electrode degenerated current mould frequency divider for the present invention.Source-electrode degradation current-mode frequency divider is base
A kind of improvement in the structure of traditional current-mode frequency divider.Because source-electrode degradation current-mode frequency divider includes two kinds of tuning sides
Formula, therefore specific embodiment include the tuning to load resistance and two aspects of tuning to load capacitance.Separately below from
This two aspects are specifically describing.
Described source-electrode degradation current-mode frequency divider relates generally to three aspects：The use of variable capacitance；Negative resistance tube current
Control with grid bias；The use of resistance-variable PMOS load.First, source-electrode degradation current-mode frequency divider passes through in Fig. 1
The grid voltage VTUNE changing load PMOS pipe adjusts its resistance, by this method, so that the RC of the load of frequency divider
Constant changes, thus changing the natural frequency of vibration of frequency divider；In addition, in order to be able to preferably in the property of source-electrode degradation current-mode frequency divider
Can be compromised and between power consumption, in source-electrode degradation current-mode frequency divider, the electric current of dynatron is controlled by tail current source array,
Control electric current to be sized so that source-electrode degradation current-mode frequency divider always works in electric current in a wide tuning range reasonable
Scope, and be unlikely to because high frequencies current is too little and lead to output amplitude too little；Finally, in the source of the latch pipe of frequency divider
Pole introduces electric capacity, can adjust the electric capacity in the RC constant of frequency divider load, thus changing the natural frequency of vibration of frequency divider.Can power transformation
The size held is by VctrlControl, tuning curve is as shown in Figure 4.
With traditional current-mode latch divider only with the negative resistance needed for common cross-couplings pipe offer starting of oscillation not
With, used in two in the present invention latch, the cross-couplings pipe of source-electrode degradation electric capacity is not only provided that negative resistance, and
And it is provided that negative electric capacity.Introducing due to electric capacity also can produce impact to cross-couplings pipe mutual conductance, may lead to frequency divider no
Method works.Therefore, the source-electrode degradation electric capacity in the present invention produces following effect to cross-coupled pair：
The important consideration of one of desiging frequency divider is the self-excited oscillatory frequency of frequency divider, and its working range is in self-oscillation
Near frequency, the self-excited oscillatory frequency of current-mode frequency divider is,
Wherein, CLoadFor the total capacitance of resonator cavity, and CLoad=Cp+Co, CpFor total parasitic capacitance（Mainly it is subject to cross-couplings pipe
Size impact）, CoFor successive load electric capacity.
Traditional current-mode frequency divider is all using the cross-coupled pair of a fixation and the work(of load resistance realization frequency dividing
Can, different frequency ranges is needed using different load resistances and various sizes of cross-coupled pair, even and if
So, it is also relatively difficult for relying on resistance and cross-coupled pair will realize higher operating frequency, needs to consume substantial amounts of electricity
Stream.So, as formula（1）Shown in, in the case that successive load is constant, when total capacitance C in resonator cavityLoadWhen little,
When i.e. the self-excited oscillatory frequency of frequency divider is high, the size of cross-couplings pipe is less；When total capacitance C in resonator cavityLoadGreatly
When, when that is, the frequency of oscillation of frequency divider is low, the size of cross-couplings pipe is larger；And the size of cross-couplings pipe diminishes
A problem can be brought, that is, under same current, transconductance value gm diminishes, this can lead to frequency divider possibly cannot self-oscillation,
Thus cisco unity malfunction, the frequency divider of this namely ohmic load is difficult to a key factor in high-frequency work.
The method that present invention employs the source electrode addition electric capacity in load pipe, structure is as shown in figure 3, can be obtained by deriving
The conductance of this structure：
By（2）Shown in formula, the cross-couplings pipe introducing source-electrode degradation electric capacity can not only introduce negative resistance to maintain frequency divider
Self-oscillation, an and negative electric capacity can be introduced thus improving the self-excited oscillatory frequency of frequency divider, to a certain extent gram
Take and needed by reducing cross-couplings pipe size and increasing the problem that power consumption could improve frequency divider operation frequency.
And, in the present invention, the electric capacity due to introducing is variable, and therefore electric capacity is in control voltage VctrlRegulation under energy
Enough change within the specific limits, different control voltages has corresponded to the different self-excited oscillatory frequency of frequency divider, such a tunes
Mode also can expand the working range of frequency divider（As shown in Figure 4）, orthogonal signalling produced by frequency divider are as shown in Figure 5.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of current-mode latch divider based on source-electrode degradation electric capacity is it is characterised in that it is by two mutually isostructural locks
Storage is constituted, and each latch all includes：
(1) two variable load being made up of PMOS；
(2) variable capacitor array that frequency divider self-resonant frequency is tuned；Described variable capacitor array is by biasing
In the accumulation type mos capacitance composition of three bias points, there is linearization function；Described biasing by big valued resistor carry out every
From；
(3) negative resistance generators being formed by connecting by 2 NMOS tube cross-couplings；
The driving tube of (4) two change latch dynamic levels；
(5) three switching tubes being driven by external differential clock signal；
(6) provide bias current for active device, and the variable bias current sources array of current value；
In described current-mode latch divider, realize the output of orthogonal signalling by the coupling of driving tube；
The bias current of the dynatron in described current-mode latch divider is made up of current source array, with its grid of on-off control
Pole tension controls its break-make;
The bias current of the coupling pipe in described current-mode latch divider is made up of current source array, with its grid of on-off control
Pole tension controls its break-make.
2. current-mode latch divider according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described current-mode latch divider according to
Outside control signal adjusts the grid bias of PMOS and is operated in different frequency ranges.
3. current-mode latch divider according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described current-mode latch divider is passed through
Control variable capacitor array that the self-resonance scope of frequency divider is controlled, the input sensitivity curve making frequency divider is in different controls
Ensure overlapping under voltage processed, realize large range of frequency dividing.
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| CN201210353242.XA CN103684424B (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2012-09-20 | A kind of wide lock-in range current-mode latch divider based on source-electrode degradation electric capacity |
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| CN201210353242.XA CN103684424B (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2012-09-20 | A kind of wide lock-in range current-mode latch divider based on source-electrode degradation electric capacity |
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Families Citing this family (7)
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| US9490759B2 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2016-11-08 | Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Neutralization of parasitic capacitance using MOS device |
| CN105634464B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2019-03-12 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Latch and frequency divider |
| CN105634465B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2019-02-01 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Latch and frequency divider |
| WO2017188363A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | Element |
| CN109617530A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-12 | 上海奥令科电子科技有限公司 | A kind of push-push note locking-type frequency multiplier circuit |
| TWI748800B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-12-01 | 瑞昱半導體股份有限公司 | Current steering comparator and capacitor control method |
| CN114553218B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-12-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Silicon-based broadband high-speed reconfigurable orthogonal frequency divider |
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